Abstract: The present invention relates to a zirconium, rare earth containing composition comprising zirconium, cerium, neodymium and praseodymium components and the use of this composition in a catalyst composition useful for the treatment of gases to reduce contaminants contained therein and method process to make the catalyst composition. The catalyst has the capability of substantially simultaneously catalyzing the oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and the reduction of nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: There is provided a process to recover phthalic anhydride from a plastic material which contains a phthalate ester as a plasticizer comprising the steps of:(a) heating the plastic material so that the plastic material is gasified to produce a first product,(b) contacting the first product with alumina catalyst so that the product is catalytically cracked to produce a first catalytically cracked product comprising phthalic anhydride; and(c) recovering phthalic anhydride from the first catalytically cracked product.

Abstract: A process for the production of C.sub.8 alkene isomers by the oligomerization of light olefins to heavier olefins is improved by the addition of heavy paraffins to the oligomerization zone. The recycle of the heavy paraffins improves the selectivity of the oligomerization for C.sub.8 olefin isomers that have a high octane number when saturated and reduces catalyst fouling. The saturated octane number of the resulting C.sub.8 isomers is particularly improved when the oligomerization zone is operated at reduced temperature conditions.

Abstract: In a process for preparing olefinically unsaturated compounds such as styrene by oxidative dehydrogenation of corresponding hydrocarbons using a previously oxidized oxygen transferer acting as catalyst in the absence of molecular oxygen and reoxidation of the oxygen transferer in at least two reactors, the dehydrogenation and regeneration takes place alternately in time in the two reactors and the reactors are connected to one another in terms of heat via heat exchangers and a common circuit for heat transfer medium.

Abstract: The cycle time for a delayed coker unit is reduced by externally heating the coke drum near the junction of the drum shell and the supporting skirt thereof prior to beginning the hot coker feed fill step. This reduces the thermal stresses at the area around the welds of the drum skirt.

Abstract: A process for the selective hydrogenation in the gas phase of acetylene compounds containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms to the corresponding ethylene compounds is described. The process uses a catalyst in the form of spherules or extrudates containing palladium, at least one group IB metal, optionally at least one alkaline or alkaline-earth metal and alumina, in which at least 80% of the palladium and at least 80% of the group IB element are present in a volume at the periphery of the catalyst defined between a spherical or cylindrical surface of radius r.sub.1 corresponding to the average spherule or extrudate diameter and a spherical or cylindrical surface of radius r.sub.2 at least equal to 0.8r.sub.1. More particularly, the catalyst comprises an alumina, palladium in a proportion of 0.01% to 0.5% by weight, and group IB metal in a proportion of 0.001 to 0.02% by weight, with a weight ratio of group IB metal/palladium of 0.05 to 0.25.

Abstract: A reforming process, selective for the dehydrocyclization of paraffins to aromatics, is effected using a catalyst containing a uniformly distributed platinum-group metal component, a surface-layer metal component comprising one ore more of the Group IVA metals and indium and a nonacidic large-pore molecular sieve. The use of this bed of catalyst results in greater selectivity of conversion of paraffins to aromatics and in improved catalyst stability.

Abstract: A process for thermally cracking waste motor oil into a diesel fuel product is provided. The thermal cracking process uses low temperature cracking temperatures from 625.degree. F. to 725.degree. F. with ambient pressure to generate a column distilled fraction of diesel fuel mixed with light ends, the light ends being flashed off to produce a high quality #2 diesel fuel. The process further provides for removal from the cracking vessel an additional product stream which, when filtered, is suitable for use as a #3 fuel oil and that can be further blended with a bunker oil to yield a #5 fuel product.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a continuous method for charging and discharging carbonization furnaces (15) moving in a circle, in which method the charging and the discharging are effected in a closed process mainly simultaneously at the opposite ends of the furnace, and the gases are collected and cleaned. Another object of the invention is an apparatus for implementing the method. The equipment comprises carbonization furnaces (15) moving in a circle, a charging device (11, 14, 32), and a discharging device (18, 19), and at least one gas duct for each furnace, the duct being connected at the one end thereof to the furnace and at the other end to a gas collector. According to the invention, the charging device is docked in a gastight manner to the one end of the furnace by means of a docking device (35), and the discharging device is attached in a gas-tight manner to the other end of the furnace for charging and discharging mainly at the same time.

Abstract: The disclosed is an exhaust gas treatment catalyst and method therefor, which catalyst comprises a support material selected from the group consisting of elements of Group IIa, Group IIIa, Group IIIb, transition elements and rare earth elements and phosphorus, and an active metal supported on the surface of the support material, improved in high activity and high durability.

Abstract: A preparation of a Pb-substituted hydroxyapatite catalyst for oxidative coupling of methane represented by the formula Ca.sub.10-x pb.sub.x (PO.sub.4).sub.6 (OH).sub.2 wherein 0<X<10 or preferably 0<X<3, includes dissolving calcium nitrate tetrahydrate ?Ca(NO.sub.3).sub.2 4H.sub.2 O!, lead nitrate ?Pb(NO.sub.3).sub.2 ! and monobasic ammonium phosphate ?NH.sub.4 H.sub.2 PO.sub.4 ! in a distilled water at room temperature to have over 0.01M concentration and pH 9 and maintaining a resultant precipitate for 5 to 20 hours for aging and then calcining the resultant. A method for producing C.sub.2 compounds using the thusly produced catalyst includes reacting a mixed gas composed of methane, oxygen and helium in the presence of 5.about.20 g.multidot.min/L of the Pb-substituted hydroxyapatite catalyst according to the present invention, at a high temperature of at least 600.degree. C.

Abstract: A new process for the hydrodealkylation of ethylbenzene and the isomerization of xylenes at low pressure and at a low hydrogen to ethylbenzene mole ratio as well as a low hydrogen to hydrocarbon feed mole ratio using a catalyst comprising (a) HZSM-5 having a particle size less than 1.0 microns, (b) a Group VIII metal such as platinum, and (c) an additional element such as magnesium.

Abstract: The invention concerns an improved process for the conversion of ethylene into butene-1, wherein the ethylene is brought into contact with a catalyst obtained by the reaction of an alkyl titanate, possibly mixed with an ether, with a compound of aluminium of the formula AlR.sub.3 or AlR.sub.2 H, and in the presence of an additive formed by at least one quaternary ammonium salt.

Abstract: In a coke drum an outlet arrangement is provided which allows removal of the coke from the drum without endangering the health or safety of workers heading or unheading the coke drum. Instead of using a manually removable bottom flange for the drum, a semiautomatic bottom flange removal system is provided. A spool is attached to the conventional, pre-existing, about 6 feet in diameter drum stationary bottom flange. The spool includes a tapered clamping surface. A new style removable bottom flange also includes a tapered clamping surface. The tapered clamping surfaces cooperate with clamp ring sectors movable by externally mounted hydraulic cylinders into contact with the spool and the flange, and other hydraulic cylinders mounted directly on the ring sectors move male locking surfaces into locking engagement with cooperating female locking surfaces formed on adjacent clamp ring sectors.

Abstract: A method for conducting a chemical reaction with a catalyst composed of metal oxide particles among which are uniformly incorporated, in order to reduce the operating temperature of the catalyst, palladium particles.

Abstract: The average degree of branching of a branched olefin feedstock is reduced by skeletal isomerization in contact with a molecular sieve.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and a process for reclaiming fuel oil from waste oil. The apparatus comprises a thermal cracking unit for cracking the high boiling hydrocarbon material into lighter, lower boiling, material so as to separate hydrocarbon vapor products from viscous materials; a condenser/heat exchanger for condensing the hydrocarbon vapor products to the liquid state; a fuel stabilization unit for chemically treating the condensates so as to give a oil product and solid sediment; and a polishing unit for forming a high quality fuel oil by physically removing solid contaminants. According to the present invention, high quality fuel oil can be obtained together with an environmentally innocuous solid ash cake, through a simple and efficient process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst composition, its methods of preparation and its use in aromatic alkylation processes. The composition comprises a heteropoly compound selected from the group consisting of heteropoly salts and heteropolyacid salts deposited in the interior of a porous support selected from the group consisting of silica, titania, and zirconia, wherein said salt of said heteropoly salt and said heteropolyacid salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium, cesium, potassium, and rubidium salts and mixtures thereof, and wherein said heteropoly salt and said heteropolyacid salt are formed with a heteropolyacid selected from the group consisting of 12-tungstophosphoric, 12-tungstosilicic, 12-molybdophosphoric, and 12-molybdosilicic acid.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of organic sludges, the process comprising the steps of:(a) feeding dried sludge through a first reactor (16);(b) heating the dried sludge in the first reactor (16) in the absence of oxygen for the volatilization of oil producing organic materials therein, resulting in gaseous products and sludge residue (char);(c) condensing oil from the gaseous products of the first reactor (16) in a condenser system (20);(d) reinjecting water free oil and/or non-condensable products, if any, into a second reactor (24);(e) transferring the sludge residue (char) from the first reactor (16) to the second reactor (24);(f) contacting the heated sludge residue from step (b) in the second reactor (24) with the oil and/or any non-condensable products of steps (c) and (d) in the absence of oxygen to allow the generation of clean products and a high quality oil product; and(g) removing the gaseous products from the second reactor (24).

Abstract: A process for the production of a diesel fuel includes contacting a feedstock comprising cracked stocks in the presence of hydrogen under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure with a first catalyst comprising a Group VI hydrogenation metal component and a Group VIII hydrogenation metal component on a substantially non-acidic carrier, and then contacting at least a portion of the effluent from the first catalyst with a second catalyst comprising a Group VI hydrogenation metal component and a Group VIII hydrogenation metal component on an acidic carrier. This process can produce diesel fuels having an improved cetane index and API gravity. The effluent from the second catalyst bed may be contacted with a third catalyst bed which contains a catalyst comprising a Group VI hydrogenation metal component and a Group VIII hydrogenation metal component on a substantially non-acidic carrier.