Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a hydrogenation process using a highly active aromatics hydrogenation catalyst. The catalyst is prepared by decomposing a catalyst precursor selected from the group consisting of metal amine molybdates, metal amine tungstates and mixtures thereof, wherein said metal amine catalyst precursor has the general formula ML (Mo.sub.y W.sub.1-y O.sub.4).sub.a where M is Cr and/or one or more divalent promoter metals selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn; L is one or more neutral nitrogen-containing ligands at least one of which is a chelating polydentate ligand; 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1; and a=1 for non-chromium containing catalysts and wherein 0.5.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.3 for chromium containing catalysts, at a temperature of about 200.degree. C. to about 400.degree. C. in an inert atmosphere; then reducing at a temperature of about 300.degree. C. to about 450.degree. C.

Abstract: Methods for cracking hydrocarbons in reactor systems having improved resistances to carburization and coking. The reactor system comprises a steel portion having provided thereon a Group VIB metal protective layer to isolate the steel portion from hydrocarbons, applied to a thickness effective for isolating the steel portion from the hydrocarbon environment. The protective layer is anchored to the steel substrate through an intermediate carbide-rich, bonding layer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a catalyst composition comprising a catalyst prepared by a process comprising: (a) impregnating an oxide precursor selected from the group consisting of rare earth oxide precursors, yttria precursors and mixtures thereof, onto an inorganic refractory oxide support; (b) drying said support at a temperature of about 100.degree. to about 120.degree. C. followed by calcining said support at a temperature of about 400.degree. to about 600.degree. C.; and (c) compositing or depositing on said support of step (b), a catalyst precursor salt represented by (ML)(Mo.sub.y W.sub.1-y O.sub.4).sub.a wherein M comprises Cr and/or one or more divalent promoter metals selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and mixtures thereof, wherein y is any value ranging from 0 to 1, and wherein L is one or more neutral, nitrogen-containing ligands at least one of which is a chelating polydentate ligand; a=1 when chromium is not one of the promoter metals and 0.5.ltoreq.a.

Abstract: A process for producing an vinylidene olefin of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and are hydrogen or alkyl and m is an integer of from 0 to 18, with a catalytically effective amount of a mixture of i) an aluminum compound of the formula R.sup.4.sub.n Al(OR.sup.5).sub.p where R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are the same or different and are alkyl, n is an integer from 0.75 to 2.75, and p is an integer from 0.25 to 2.25, the sum of n and p being 3, at a temperature of from about 120.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C. whereby a major amount of said vinylidene and deep internal olefin dimer is produced and only a minor amount of a beta internal olefin isomer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalytic cracking process which incorporates a short contact time catalytic cracking step. The short contact time cracking step provides for an overall increase in distillate quality as well as provides for an overall increase in the quantity of light olefins product. After the short contact time reaction step, gasoline and high quality distillate products are separated from a gas oil containing bottoms fraction, and the gas oil containing bottoms fraction is reprocessed.

Abstract: An iron oxide catalyst for dehydrogenation of an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon, wherein the catalyst is produced by adding potassium oxide to an iron oxide. The catalyst contains potassium ferrite. The catalyst has a ratio of a pore volume having a pore diameter of from 20 to 100 nm to a pore volume having a pore diameter of from 0 to 100 nm of between 0.7 and 9.0. The catalyst exhibits an excellent initial activity and has a substantially long catalyst life.

Abstract: Process for converting a chlorinated alkane into at least one less chlorinated alkene by reaction with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising palladium and a metal selected from the group consisting of silver, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A pyrolysis batch process is disclosed for recycling hydrocarbon containing used material such as plastics including ABS, polystyrene styrene and other non-chlorinated hydrocarbons, car fluff such as solid plastics, foam plastics, fabrics and the like, and more particularly scrap tires so as to obtain useful light oil and fuel gases. Used tire cuttings are loaded into a rotatable reactor which is closed, evacuated, rotated and heated until exothermic reaction is initiated. The reactor internal pressure is then allowed to increase to and is regulated within the range of atmospheric pressure and above. Upon continuing reactor rotation and heating, condensable hydrocarbon vapors and gaseous hydrocarbons are produced. The vapors are condensed into oil while the gaseous hydrocarbons are used as a fuel for reactor heating.

Abstract: A steam cracking process and facility is described which comprises injection of erosive powder to effect at least partial decoking of transfer line exchangers without interrupting the steam cracking stream. The powder, preferably injected just upstream of the transfer line exchangers (TLE) (4), is separated from the cracked gases in primary gas/solid separators (5), temporarily stored in receiving drums at a controlled temperature and evacuated to a common powder storage and/or treatment module by pneumatic transfer by means of a relatively low flow of uncondensable gas. The process and facility can be used to collect solid fragments generated by injection of chemical compounds which are catalysts for the gasification of coke by steam.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for thermally cracking waste polymer(s) comprising chlorinated polymers in a reactor in the presence of a fluidizing gas and a fluidized bed of solid, particulate fluidizable material at a temperature from 350.degree.-600.degree. C. to cracked products comprising a mixed vapor of lower hydrocarbons which have a chlorine content of less than 50 ppm. In the process, the cracked products emerging from the fluidized bed are passed through one or more guard beds comprising calcium oxide or a compound capable of giving rise to calcium oxide under the reaction conditions maintained at a temperature in the range from 400.degree.-600.degree. C. in such a way that the chlorine content of the product is less than 50 ppm.

Abstract: Gasses, water and solvents, major contaminants in used lubricating oils, can be removed from used lubricating oils at mild temperature conditions under vacuum. Apparatus in which the removal can take place includes a hollow vacuum separator vessel with a spray nozzle to spray an ultra fine spray of warm, used lubricating oil onto an angularly disposed thin film separator plate. In conjunction with the plate is a cooling device within the vacuum chamber. Cleaned oil can be passed from the bottom back into a holding tank, while water and solvents are drained out into a separate tank for safe disposal.

Abstract: A process is described for the high-efficiency selective hydrogenation of an aromatic hydrocarbon cut which also contains monoolefinic hydrocarbons and polyolefinic and/or acetylenic hydrocarbons with a bromine number of 10000 to 100 mg per 100 g of product with an aromatic degree of conversion which is limited to a maximum of 0.15% by weight, the process being characterized in that the cut, which is at least partially in the liquid phase, is passed with hydrogen into a hydrogenation zone in contact with a catalyst containing 0.1% to 1% by weight (with respect to the support) of palladium, the catalyst having been treated before activation with at least one organic sulphur-containing compound to introduce 0.05% to 1% of sulphur (by weight with respect to the weight of the catalyst), the process being carried out at a temperature in the range 20.degree. C. to 25.degree. C., at a pressure of 4-50 bar, a GHSV of 0.2-25 h.sup.-1 and with a H.sub.2 /monoolefin +polyolefin and/or acetylenes ratio in the range 0.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and a process for converting a C.sub.9 + aromatic compound to C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylenes are disclosed. The catalyst composition comprises a zeolite and a metal. The process comprises contacting a fluid stream containing a C.sub.9 + aromatic compound with the catalyst composition under a condition sufficient to effect the production of C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbon. Also disclosed is a process for producing the catalyst composition which can comprise: (1) impregnating a zeolite with an effective and coke-reducing amount of a metal compound under a condition sufficient to effect the production of a metal-promoted zeolite and (2) calcining the metal-promoted zeolite.

Abstract: A process for the selective hydrogenation of a fraction of hydrocarbons containing 2 to 20 carbon atoms and comprising monounsaturated olefinic hydrocarbons and/or aromatic compounds and at least one polyunsaturated hydrocarbon from the group formed by acetylenic compounds and dienes, in which the hydrocarbon fraction, which is at least partially in the liquid phase, circulates with hydrogen in a given direction in a reactor containing at least one fixed bed of a hydrogenation catalyst in the form of a divided solid, characterized in that said reactor is provided with at least one inlet conduit for a fluid mixture comprising said hydrocarbon fraction and hydrogen and at least one outlet conduit for the hydrogenated hydrocarbon fraction, and in that it comprises at least one static mixer upstream of said outlet for the hydrogenated hydrocarbon fraction.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) plants are debottlenecked by subjecting part or all of the wet gas stream leaving the main fractionator overhead receiver to pressure swing adsorption to remove methane and hydrogen from this gas stream prior to its introduction into the wet gas compressor. This allows debottlenecking of the compressor system. It can allow the reduction in pressure in the system back to the catalyst regenerator. The reduction in pressure in the catalyst regenerator makes it possible to increase the rate of regeneration of catalyst. Consequently, the rate of hydrocarbon throughput in the FCC plant can be increased.

Abstract: The surface area of a zinc oxide composition is increased, and stabilized to heating, by incorporation of a tri or tetravalent metal especially aluminium or gallium, e.g. in the form of a spinel with the zinc oxide. The composition is preferably made by coprecipitation of zinc and a compound of said metal and then calcination. The zinc oxide composition may also incorporate a Group VIII metal and be used as a catalyst for a Fischer Tropsch process.

Abstract: A catalyst system for the purification of exhaust gas comprises at least two catalysts disposed on an exhaust system side of an engine and at least containing palladium as a catalyst component. In this case, each of catalysts disposed on upstream side and downstream side contains a given amount of an alkaline earth metal compound as an oxide conversion per 1 L of a carrier.

Abstract: A process for treating waste plastics includes adding the waste plastics and a catalyst into a reactor for catalytic cracking reaction at 280.degree.-480.degree. C., removing the solid impurities in the generated vapor, condensing the vapor in condenser, and returning the non-condensable gas to be burnt in the heating furnace, distilling and separating the condensate to obtain gasoline and diesel oil which will be stabilized to get high quality gasoline and diesel oil. The equipment includes an automatic hydraulic feeder, a reaction vessel, a gas settler, a condenser series, a vacuum discharge device for solid residue, a rectification tower, mixing tanks, and a final product tank.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of a high octane product from a feed mixture comprising C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 normal paraffins in which an equilibrium reaction to produce mono and dimethyl branched paraffins is achieved by conducting the reaction and the product separation in a pressure swing adsorption and reaction zone containing a uniformly distributed adsorbent for the selective adsorption of normal paraffins and a catalyst for the equilibrium conversion of normal paraffins to mono and dimethyl branched paraffins. More specifically, the process achieves the isomerization of the normal paraffins by the reaction of the normal paraffins in the presence of hydrogen with the simultaneous removal of the mono and dimethyl branched paraffin product at the same temperature and pressure. In one embodiment, the passing of the feed mixture to the bed is terminated and the bed is purged with one of the reactants which in turn further reacts to displace heavier paraffin and enhance the overall product octane.

Abstract: A process for the dehydrogenation of a dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon by (1) contacting the dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon with a liquid alkali metal in a dehydrogenation zone to produce a stream containing a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon and an unconverted dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon, and an alkali metal hydride; (2) heating the alkali metal hydride to produce a heated liquid alkali metal and hydrogen; (3) recycling the heated liquid alkali metal to the dehydrogenation zone; (4) contacting the stream containing dehydrogenated hydrocarbon and unconverted dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon with a selective adsorbent to produce a stream containing dehydrogenated hydrocarbon and a stream containing an unconverted hydrogenatable hydrocarbon; (5) recycling the stream of the unconverted dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon to the dehydrogenation zone; and (6) recovering the stream containing dehydrogenated hydrocarbon.