Abstract: A improved hydrocarbon conversion process, comprising applying a plating, cladding, paint or other coating to at least a portion of a hydrocarbon conversion reactor system which is used to convert hydrocarbons to products in the presence of steam, said coating being effective to reduce the amount of undesirable by-products in said process; and operating the hydrocarbon conversion process at a steam to hydrocarbon ratio that is lower than the steam to hydrocarbon ratio at which said process was operated prior to applying said coating. Preferred hydrocarbon conversion process includes steam cracking of hydrocarbons to produce ethylene and dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene.

Abstract: A catalyst composition which comprises a crystalline metallosilicate having the structure of zeolite Beta, phosphor and a matrix that is substantially free of crystalline aluminum phosphate which has improved resistance to steam deactivation which has higher cracking activity than analogous catalysts prepared without phosphorus. The crystalline metallosilicate be used in the as-synthesized form or in the calcined form. included is the method to produce the catalyst composition and methods for the use of catalysts prepared by the present method in organic conversion processes. Specific embodiments of the invention involve various techniques for preparation of catalyst containing phosphorus and crystalline metallosilicates having the structure of zeolite Beta. Catalysts prepared according to the method of this invention are useful for organic compound, e.g., hydrocarbon compound, conversion processes. Organic compound conversion processes include cracking, hydrocracking, and transalkylation, among others.

Abstract: A novel method for treating the radiant tubes of a fired pyrolysis heater with an antifoulant composition for inhibiting the formation and deposition of coke thereon. Such novel method includes introducing the antifoulant into the crossover conduit between the convection tubes and radiant tubes of the fired pyrolysis heater.

Abstract: Catalyst compositions for preparing polyketones comprising (a) a Group VIII metal compound, containing at least one ligand capable of coordinating to the Group VIII metal, and (b) a boron hydrocarbyl compound are disclosed, in particular catalyst compositions wherein the boron hydrocarbyl compound is a Lewis acid of the formula BXYZ where at least one of X, Y and Z is a monovalent hydrocarbyl group. A preferred catalyst composition comprises a palladium complex and B(C.sub.6 F.sub.5).sub.3.

Abstract: A process for the hydrogenation of organic compounds using water soluble catalyst in a biphasic media by: (A) forming an organo-water dispersion of (i) an organic phase having (a) an organic compound and (b) an organic solvent, and (ii) an aqueous phase having a water soluble group VIII metal catalyst composition and a water soluble ligand; and (B) contacting said dispersion with hydrogen to provide an interfacial reaction between said organic compound and said hydrogen, giving significant enhancement in the rate of reaction to produce saturated organic compound as compared to a reaction carried out in the absence of said water immiscible ligand.

Abstract: An active and stable catalyst for isomerizing linear olefins to methyl branched isoolefins is provided by (a) mixing (i) a zeolite powder containing at least one zeolite with at least one one-dimensional pore structure having pore size small enough to retard by-product dimerization and coke formation and large enough to permit entry of the linear olefin and allow formation of the methyl branched isoolefin, (ii) an alumina-containing binder, (iii) water, (iv) at least one acid selected from monocarboxylic acids and inorganic acids and (v) at least one polycarboxylic acid; (b) forming a pellet of the mixture; and (c) calcining the pellet. The resulting catalyst has superior selectivity, higher maximum product concentration in the product stream and longer run length for isomerizing linear olefins to their corresponding isoolefins.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for improving the effectiveness of a refinery process catalyst. The process comprises treating the refinery process catalyst with an effective amount of reducing agent selected from the group consisting of hydrazine, oximes, hydroxylamines, carbohydrazide, erythorbic acid, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Several Fischer-Tropsch reaction schemes using a promoted iron catalyst in a slurry reactor produce oxygenated naphtha and diesel fractions on distillation that reduce particulate emissions in diesel engines. High carbon conversion efficiencies and optimum chain growth are characteristics of the processes.

Abstract: A crystalline zeolite high-silica SSZ-37 is prepared using a N,N-dimethyl-4-azoniatricyclo [5.2.2.0.sup.(2,6) ] undec-8-ene cation as a template wherein said zeolite is used in hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: A process for the desulfurization of a sulfur-containing composition is described. The process comprises providing a sulfur-containing composition, adding an aqueous medium and a sulfur absorbent to the composition, and subjecting the resultant mixture to hydrothermal reaction under specific conditions to obtain a desulfurized product. When the sulfur-containing composition is made of vulcanized rubbers, the rubber can be converted into oily substances by treating the rubber product under supercritical conditions using an aqueous medium. The conversion reaction is facilitated by addition of metal oxides or salts.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process for the production of olefins from plastic waste, which comprises adjustment of a desired viscosity by thermal pretreatment of plastic waste in a temperature range of 350.degree. to 550.degree. C. and thermal treatment of the product obtained by the thermal pretreatment in a temperature range of 700.degree. to 1100.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the improved liquid phase dehydration of 1-phenyl ethanol to styrene monomer, the improvement comprising the use of a residue formation inhibiting agent during the liquid phase dehydration.

Abstract: A method for dimerizing an olefin, which comprises dimerizing an olefin in the presence of a catalyst, wherein a nickel compound, an organic aluminum compound and a phosphite compound of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 which may be the same or different, is a hydrocarbon group, each of R.sup.3 to R.sup.8 which may be the same or different, is a substituent containing no oxygen atom, or a hydrogen atom, W is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, and x is 0 or 1, are used as the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for sweetening a petroleum cut containing mercaptans, wherein said petroleum cut is subjected to oxidation conditions by its being passed in the presence of air in contact with a porous catalyst said process being characterized in that said catalyst comprises 10 to 98% by weight of at least one mineral solid phase constituted of analkaline aluminosilicate with a Si/Al atomic ratio less than or equal to 5, 1 to 60% by weight of active carbon, 0.02 to 2% by weight of at least one metal chelate and 0 to 20% by weight of at least one organic or mineral binding agent, has a basicity determined according to the 2896 ASTM standard with 20 milli-equivalents of potash per gram and a total BET surface area of 10 m.sup.2 g.sup.-1, and contains inside its pore structure a permanent aqueous phase representing 0.1 to 40% by weight of dry catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an unsaturated organic compound from an organic-containing feed. The method includes providing a reactor containing a liquid bath which includes a Bronsted acid that can protonate an organic component of the organic-containing feed. The feed is directed into the liquid bath at a rate which causes the Bronsted acid to protonate the organic component. Conditions are established and maintained in the reactor which cause the protonated organic component to fragment and form a carbenium ion and an unsaturated organic compound, whereby the unsaturated organic compound is discharged from the liquid bath.

Abstract: A composition comprising a coprecipitated magnesia-lanthana-alumina (MgO--La.sub.2 O.sub.3 --Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) wherein the MgO component is present as microcrystalline phase, having a BET (N.sub.2) surface area of at least 130 m.sup.2 /g, preferably combined with a catalytic oxidation and/or reducing promoter metal such as ceria, vanadia and/or titania.

Abstract: Zirconium/cerium mixed oxides (optionally including thermally stabilizing dopant values), comprising solid solutions thereof, having contents of zirconium of up to 99% by weight, and having high specific surface areas, are well suited as catalysts and/or catalyst supports, notably for the treatment/conversion of vehicular exhaust gases; such ZrO.sub.2 /CeO.sub.2 mixed oxides are conveniently prepared by (i) intimately admixing a zirconium sol with a cerium sol, the ratio r of the mean diameter r.sub.l of the particles of the zirconium sol to the diameter r.sub.2 of the particles of the cerium sol being at least 5, (ii) adding a precipitating amount of a base thereto, (iii) recovering the precipitate thus formed, and (iv) calcining the recovered precipitate.

Abstract: A method is provided for improving the catalytic activity of an alcohol synthesis catalyst. In this method, the catalyst, after activation by exposure to a reducing atmosphere, is improved by contacting with a carbon dioxide-containing gas to convert the zinc oxide in the catalyst to zinc carbonate. This improvement step occurs in situ preferably in the same reactor as used for the synthesizing of the alcohol.

Abstract: Methods are provided for cleaning and inhibiting the formation of fouling deposits on jet engine components during the combustion of turbine combustion fuel oils. Methods are also provided for inhibiting the formation and emission of soot and smoke from jet engine exhaust during turbine combustion fuel oil combustion. The methods employ a derivative of polyalkenylthiophosphonic acid added to the turbine combustion fuel oil. The preferred derivative is pentaerythritol ester of polyisobutenylthio-phosphonic acid.

Abstract: A process for dewaxing including the steps of mixing a waxy feedstock near its pour point with an ambient or below ambient temperature solvent essentially free of a selected cosolvent, to form a solvent/feedstock mixture, essentially free of a selected cosolvent, and subsequently adding the cosolvent to the solvent/feedstock mixture to cause instantaneous precipitation of wax on addition of cosolvent with the amount of wax precipitation being controlled by the quantity and temperature of cosolvent added. The cosolvent is essentially completely miscible with the solvent, but immiscible with the oil and wax. For example, alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol), ketones (ketene, acetone), amines, etc. The process of the present invention provides the advantages of lower solvent ratios (higher solvent recovery), higher filtration temperatures, "environmentally compatible" solvents, rapid filtration rates, and debottlenecking of existing dewaxing plants.