Abstract: A method and device are disclosed that utilize a spread spectrum coding process for processing a signal having first and second time portions to achieve unequal error protection of the time portions by variably modulating the power of one segment relative to the second segment. In such a signal, the first segment contains information that is more significant, i.e., more sensitive to error, than the second segment and the power modulator increases the average power of the signal during the first time portion relative to the average power of the signal during the second time portion. Preferably, the power increase of the first time portion is proportional to the power decrease of the second time portion so as to maintain overall system power requirements. The method and device are particularly suited for a digital cellular telephone systems such as DS-CDMA. In such a system, the signal is spread by a single spreading sequence.

Abstract: A switching bus architecture enables efficient transfer of data within a network switch having a plurality of ports interconnected by a high-performance switching bus. The architecture is preferably implemented as novel port interface and forwarding engine circuitry that cooperate to efficiently transmit data to, and receive data from, the switching bus in accordance with a 2-tier arbitration policy that ensures adequate port access to the bus. As a result of such a cooperating arrangement, the architecture improves the transfer efficiency of the switch by providing all ports sufficient bus access to convey accurate data throughout the switch.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided which permits mobile computers equipped with modems for cellular telephone systems to obtain various classes of data communication services, as well as voice service, including taking part in local-area networks. The LAN's may be composed of conventional LANS in establishments or of other mobile computers. In this way, mobile computers can take part in mainstream client-server computing and also establish wireless LANs using the cellular telephone system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a telecommunication system that is both highly cost effective for small scale applications (for example, those having less than 80 lines), yet field upgrade-expandable to applications having a significant number of additional lines (for example, 30,000 lines). An integrated voice/data telecommunication system is utilized that is flexible enough to handle low bandwidth (for example 64 kbps mu-law) speech as well as high bandwidth multimedia data switching. The system may be configured as a low cost, standalone PACS system for "village telephony" or "PACS-on-POTS" applications, as an alternative to requirements for PACS infrastructure when appropriate wireless network facilities are unavailable.

Abstract: In a digital television signal processing system, a special codeword, a Packet Alignment Flag (PAF), is inserted into an MPEG codeword bitstream to signify the presence of a Group of Pictures (GOP). The PAF immediately precedes a Picture Start codeword for an "I" frame, which initiates a GOP. A data packet under construction when a PAF appears is terminated since a GOP is intended to begin at a packet boundary. Such termination may result in an abbreviated packet of MPEG codewords less than a prescribed number of bits needed to complete a data packet. The last word of each packet is designated as such to facilitate the subsequent combining of data packets with respective headers. An incomplete data packet is filled with null (zeroed bits) words to make up a complete data packet with a prescribed number of bits.

Abstract: A radio communication system comprises at least a base station which is remote from a concentrator to which it is linked by a channel. The base station is intended to exchange via a radio link, at a first rate, radio frames with terminals while the radio frames are multiplexed on a channel frame to be transported by the channel at a second rate. In accordance with the invention, multiplexing is effected to minimize a resulting delay, to maximize a permitted transmission delay and thus maximize the range of base stations.

Abstract: In a time division multiple access (TDMA) satellite radiotelephone communications system, a radiotelephone communicates random access channel radiotelephone communications signals to a satellite over a dedicated random access channel uplink carrier frequency band. In response, a time division multiple access channel on a time division multiplexed uplink carrier frequency band different from the dedicated random access channel uplink carrier frequency band is assigned. The radiotelephone communicates time division multiplexed radiotelephone communications signals to the satellite over the allocated time division multiple access channel.

Abstract: Communication system (KS) having a user facility system (LMS) for the realization of user facilities and having a switching system (VS) for setting up and clearing down connections between connected subscriber terminal equipment (TE) and for reporting switching-oriented events as well as user facility activation and user facility deactivation requests to the user facility system (LMS). The user facility system (LMS) has a plurality of user facility modules (LMB) and a user facility executive sequencer (LMAS) communicating therewith. The user facility modules (LMB) can call user facility development modules made available by the user facility executive sequencer (LMAS). Messages from the user facility executive sequencer (LMAS) about switching-oriented events occurring in the switching system (VS), is a facility activation and user facility deactivation messages as well as data input by subscriber terminal equipment (TE) are respectively communicated to a specific user facility module (LMB).

Abstract: Provisioning a Central Office (CO) Basic Rate Interface (BRI) access is a complex procedure which involves hundreds, and potentially thousands, of parameters that must be asserted to configure the CO for a particular users service profile. In such a complex procedure, errors in the provisioning may be introduced which are difficult and costly to detect and correct. To solve this problem, a provisioning tool which exercises BRI lines i.e., digital subscriber lines (DSLs) from a CO to a premises switch is defined which validates that transport related restrictions and permissions are properly administered at the CO. This is achieved by the system calling itself over such lines, and varying the types (e.g., voice, digital, data, 3.1 kHz audio, et al.) of call attempts that are placed to ensure that all lines support the intended services.

Abstract: A wiring scheme for providing loop-back capability for individual failed channels around a ring network composed of nodes with limited space-switching. With this invention each node has a switch for interconnecting channels between incident links of the node. Each secure channel i has a backup channel B(i). In the normal mode of operation, the switch is configured so that the ports for channel B(i) of the incident links are connected to each other. Upon failure of channel i in one of the incident links of the node, the port for channel i of the failed link is connected to the port for channel B(i) on the other incident link of the node. With this invention when there is a failure of channel i on one of the links, the connection using this failed channel can be restored by switch configurations at only two nodes of the ring since the backup channels at the other nodes are already connected to each other.

Abstract: A LAN switching system includes an Address Match Control line which can be set (activated) and is monitored by each port adapter card. If a port adapter card recognizes an address on the switch fabric, the adapter card copies the frame with the address and activates the Address match Control line. The set Address Match Control line causes the remaining port adapter cards to stop searching for a match. If the Address Match Control line is not set, the frame can be copied by all port adapters which are configured to do so.

Abstract: An architecture for distributing digital information to subscriber units wherein selection from among multiple digital services is accomplished by transmitting a tuning command from a subscriber unit to an intermediate interface. The intermediate interface selects the desired service from a broadband network and transmits it to the subscriber unit over a bandwidth-constrained access line. The bandwidth-constrained access line may be implemented with existing infrastructure, yet the subscriber unit may access a wide variety of digital information available on the broadband network. Universal broadband access is thus provided at low cost.

Abstract: A digital mobile communication system has a high-speed non-transparent data connection between a transmitting and a receiving party. For the data connection, parallel subchannels, corresponding in number to the nominal data transfer rate, have been allocated on the radio interface. A radio link protocol is responsible for transmitting data over the radio interface, and for acknowledging correct data frames and for retransmitting defective data frames. A transmission buffer buffers the data frames to be transmitted and stores the data frames transmitted until it receives an acknowledgement of successful reception. In order to reduce interference and power consumption, user data is transmitted by using as many of the allocated subchannels as required by the actual user data rate at any one time. On the other allocated subchannels, transmission is interrupted or discontinuous transmission is applied.

Abstract: An improved destination address detection apparatus for a hardware packet router capable of detecting the address of the destination to which the packet data is transmitted, not using the central processing unit, which includes a serial/parallel converter for converting a serial packet data inputted thereto into a parallel packet data; a buffer for storing the parallel packet data outputted from the serial/parallel converter therein and for outputting in a first-in-first-out method; an address detector for detecting an address of a destination, to which the address is transmitted, from the parallel packet data outputted from the buffer; and an "n" number of buffers, which are activated in accordance with an address of the destination detected by the address detector, for storing the packet data and for outputting in a first-in-first-out method, wherein said address detector includes an "n" number of latches, which are connected in series, for sequentially shifting the output signals of the buffer and for stor

Abstract: An apparatus (110, 101), method, system (100) and system method provide for distributed internetwork routing of information in a communication system (100). The communication system (100) is characterized by a topology having a primary node connected to a first network, such as the Internet, and connected via an intermediate network to a mulitplicity of secondary nodes, which are further connected via a secondary network to a plurality of terminals, such as personal computers. The apparatus (110, 101), method, system and system method provide for routing of information between the primary node and the terminals independently of and transparently to any internetwork address of a secondary node. The apparatus (110, 101), method, system and system method conserve internetwork addresses by utilizing internetwork addresses only for a primary node and for terminals.

Abstract: A small broadband cross-connect system (10) includes a two-stage matrix (12) for processing and cross-connecting optical and electrical telecommunication network signals. An administration subsystem (14) provides centralized control and synchronization to the two-stage matrix (12). The two-stage matrix (12) may be expanded from 96 ports to 192 ports in a cost and space effective manner.

Abstract: An ATM cell-to-frame reassembly method and apparatus are provided for overrun avoidance. For each END ATM USER connection a value defining a maximum number of ATM cells is provided. After receiving an ATM cell for an END ATM USER connection, the maximum number of ATM cells value associated with the particular END ATM USER connection is identified. A current frame length including the received ATM cell is calculated and compared with the identified maximum number of ATM cells value associated with the particular END ATM USER connection. Reassembly of the frame is continued responsive to the calculated current frame length being less than or equal to the identified maximum number of ATM cells value. Reassembly of the frame is terminated responsive to the calculated current frame length being greater than the identified maximum number of ATM cells value.

Abstract: A communication system comprises a plurality of nodes interconnected by links comprising a plurality of connections. The traffic between the nodes is set up by a reserved bandwidth service and/or a non reserved bandwidth service. The non reserved bandwidth service is controlled by a hop by hop backpressure mechanism. When the traffic entering a node exceeds a high threshold, the backpressure mechanism generates stop backpressure primitives in order to throttle the entering traffic. In case of congestion the mechanism is either able to selectively interuppt the connection contributing to the congestion without affecting the rest of the link traffic, or to globally stop all link traffic. Traffic can be resumed if traffic rates fall below the low threshold values.

Abstract: A communication controller is disclosed with a plurality of service modules including a redundant service module and with a mechanism for substituting the redundant service module for any one of the service modules. The communication controller includes a redundancy module that distributes communication signals to the redundant service module via a distribution bus coupled to the service modules. The distribution bus is alternatively used to distribute a high speed communication link to the service modules for improved physical connectivity.

Abstract: In a switching network through which a path between a source terminal and each of destination terminals is formed, a set of destination addresses is generated at the source terminal, and each of the destination addresses is transmitted from the source terminal to a destination switch node accommodating the destination terminal. Each switch node on the path receives a first set of destination addresses from a previous switch node or the source terminal, and decides whether each destination address of the first set is accommodated in the switch node. Based on the decision, the switch node divides the first set into a plurality of second sets each corresponding to one route of the switch node. Each second set is transmitted to the next switch node through a corresponding route. The next switch node performs the same steps as the switch node mentioned above.