Abstract: A process for preparing o-methallyloxyphenol by reacting catechol with methallyl chloride in the presence of at least one of KI and NaI serving as a catalyst with use of a base, and an organic solvent or a mixture of an organic solvent and water, the process being characterized in that methallyl chloride is reacted with the catalyst after the reaction to recover the catalyst as converted to methallyl iodide and reuse the catalyst.

Abstract: A method of preparing terephthalic aldehyde or isophthalic aldehyde from p-xylene or m-xylene, which comprises chlorinating the side chain or p or m xylene to a chlorination degree of 2.5 to 3.5, and thereafter contacting the so-chlorinated product with hexamethylenetetramine in aqueous solution at elevated temperature whereby the corresponding aldehyde is obtained.

Abstract: A process for preparing o-methallyloxyphenol characterized in that catechol and methallyl chloride are reacted with use of:A. at least one base selected from among carbonates and bicarbonates of alkali metals, bicarbonates of alkaline earth metals and amines at least 10 in pKa,B. at least one catalyst selected from among iodides of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, hydrogen iodide and methallyl iodide, andC. a ketone solvent or ketone-water mixture solvent.

Abstract: Ortho-nitrobenzaldehyde, a well known compound suitable as an indicator and as an intermediate for many organic syntheses including production of pharmaceuticals, is obtained by contacting a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 lower alkyl ester of o-nitrophenyl pyruvic acid in the form of its enolate, i.e. the enol salt or enol ester, with hydrogen peroxide; the enol salt can be the enolate of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or of aluminum, and the enol ester can be the ester formed by the enolic hydroxyl and formic, acetic, propionic or butyric acid.

Abstract: A method for preparation of secondary alcohol mixtures by selective reaction of an olefin or olefin mixture and a carboxylic acid compound in the presence of a particular type of shape selective zeolite catalyst. The reaction selectively produces .alpha.-methylalkyl carboxylate enriched ester product which, upon subsequent hydrolysis, yields the desired 2-alcohol enriched secondary alcohol product.

Abstract: This invention comprises certain analogs PGE or 11-deoxy-PGE compounds in which the carbonyl at C-9 is replaced by methylene. Also provided in this invention, are novel chemical processes and novel chemical intermediates useful in the preparation of the above prostaglandin analogs. These prostaglandin analogs exhibit prostaglandin-like activity, and are accordingly useful for the same pharmacological purposes as the prostaglandins. Among these purposes are blood pressure lowering, labor induction at term, reproductive-cycle regulation, gastric antisecretory action, and the like.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of secondary alcohol mixtures by selective reaction of an olefin or olefin mixture and a carboxylic acid compound in the presence of zeolite mordenite. The reaction selectively produces .alpha.-methylalkyl carboxylate enriched ester product which, upon subsequent hydrolysis, yields the desired secondary alcohol product enriched in alcohols having hydroxy functionality at the 2-position.

Abstract: Alkylbenzaldehyde is continuously produced in high yield from alkylbenzene by formylation with carbon monoxide in the presence of HF--BF.sub.3, where the alkylbenzene, HF--BF.sub.3 and carbon monoxide under a carbon monoxide partial pressure of at least 5 kg/cm.sup.2 absolute are introduced into the reactor to continuously carry out complexing of the alkylbenzene with HF--BF.sub.3 and formylation with the carbon monoxide successively in one and same reactor.

Abstract: 3-l-Menthoxypropane-1,2-diol having the formula: ##STR1##

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polyoxyalkylene ethers of the formulaR.sup.1 O--[C.sub.n H.sub.2n O--].sub.x Min whichR.sup.1 is an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkylene radical, an aryl radical or an alkaryl radical,M is an alkali cation,n is any number from 2 to 3, andx is a whole number,by the stoichiometric polymerization of alkylene oxides or their mixtures having the general formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n O on alkali alcoholate mixtures, composed of 1 to 20 mole percent of potassium alcoholate and 99 to 80 mole percent of sodium alcoholate. Compared to the use of sodium alcoholate alone, the addition reaction proceeds uniformly at temperatures as low as 80.degree. to 100.degree. C. and the initial delay at the start of the reaction is avoided. Even so, it is possible to keep the isomerization of propylene oxide to allyl alcohol within limits. Products are obtained with a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution and a low double bond content.

Abstract: Optionally substituted fluoro-nitro-benzaldehydes are prepared from optionally substituted halogeno-nitro-benzaldehydes and an alkali metal fluoride in a substantially anhydrous inert aprotic solvent, by heating to 50.degree. to 250.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation of p-nitrophenetole with high yields and in an especially pure form from p-chloronitrobenzene and ethanol by heating to a temperature of from 60.degree. to 80.degree. C. with addition of alkali metal hydroxide and a phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: Amidino compounds represented by the formula ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof are novel compounds and are useful as powerful antitrypsine, antiplasmin, antikallikrein and antithrombin agents. Having strong anti-C1 (C1r, C1s) activities and an anticomplement activity, they are also useful as anticomplement agents. These amidino compounds are prepared by usual esterification of carboxylic acid compounds represented by the formula ##STR2## with 6-amidino-2-naphthol and, if necessary, can be transformed into pharmaceuticlly acceptable acid addition salts thereof.

Abstract: A new chemical sequence for preparing certain indoles is disclosed which employes certain 2-substituted-6-nitrophenylacetaldehyde semicarbazones claimed here. Said semicarbazones are cyclized to the indoles by low pressure hydrogenation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the stereocontrolled total synthesis of thienamycin from acetone dicarboxylate via intermediate II: ##STR1## wherein R is a readily removable carboxyl protecting group.

Abstract: An alkylated phenolic ether is prepared by reacting in the absence of a protic solvent a phenolic compound containing an unreacted phenolic hydroxy group with an alkyl sulfite of the formula (RO).sub.2 SO in which R is a one to four carbon alkyl group, the reaction occurring in one step and without the intermediate preparation of a phenolate.

Abstract: A methylated phenolic ether is prepared by reacting in the absence of a protic solvent a phenolic compound containing an unreacted phenolic hydroxy group with trimethyl phosphate, the reaction occurring in one step and without the intermediate preparation of a phenolate.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an alkylated phenolic ether comprising reacting a phenolic compound at a temperature of at least the melting point of the phenol and in the absence of a solvent with an alkylating agent until an alkylated phenol is produced.

Abstract: Aromatic aldehydes are formed by the liquid phase reaction of molecular oxygen with methyl-substituted aromatic compounds in the presence of base, a cobalt, manganese, chromium or nickel salt catalyst and activated charcoal.

Abstract: New bronchospasmolytically active compounds exhibiting long duration of action and reduced undesired side effects of the structural formula ##STR1## and therapeutically acceptable salts thereof, in which formula R is selected from the group consisting of --C(CH.sub.3).sub.3, ##STR2## R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of H and R.sup.2, R.sup.2 represents the radical of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of(a) H(b) alkyl groups containing 1-3 carbon atoms ##STR4## wherein R.sup.5 is selected from the group consisting of(a) OH(b) alkoxy groups containing 1-3 carbon atoms and whereinR.sup.4 is selected from the group consisting of(a) H(b) alkyl groups containing 1-3 carbon atoms, with the proviso that R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are combined as follows:______________________________________ when R.sup.3 is then R.sup.