Abstract: A grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet exhibits excellent magnetic characteristics and excellent coating film adhesion after strain relieving annealing. The grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet includes: a steel sheet; a coating film layer A that is a ceramic coating film which is formed on the steel sheet and has an oxide content of less than 30% by mass; and a coating film layer B that is an insulating tension coating film which is arranged on the coating film layer A and contains an oxide. The binding energy of the 1s orbital of oxygen in the coating film layer B is higher than 530 eV; and tension applied to the steel sheet by the coating film layer B per a thickness of 1.0 ?m of the coating film layer B is 4.0 MPa/?m or more.

Abstract: A method of applying a corrosion-resistant coating to a fastener that includes preheating an area of the fastener to be coated to elevate a temperature of the area and spraying the preheated area of the fastener with a molten or semi-molten metal. In one embodiment, a corrosion-resistant coating applicator includes a support structure, a rotatable slotted fastener conveyer supported by the support structure, a feeder configured to feed fasteners to the rotatable slotted fastener conveyer, a fastener aligner configured to make head portions of the fasteners aligned with each other, a heater configured to heat head portions of the fasteners as the fasteners are being conveyed by the slotted fastener conveyer, and a sprayer configured to apply a corrosion-resistant coating to the heated head portions of the fasteners being conveyed by the slotted fastener conveyer. The present disclosure also provides corrosion-resistant coated fasteners made using the coating methods and/or coating apparatus.

Abstract: A free radical curable automotive body primer is provided that has a color change corresponding to the progress of the cure process until a dry to sand condition has been attained and an internal colored guide coat that does not change color given its exposure to ambient air and as a result, has a different color on the surface of the primer than when in bulk, allowing for the detection and removal of low spots or other imperfections from a vehicle body by additional sanding of the inventive primer to remove oxidized guide coat colorant surface regions. The cure color change is achieved through resort to at least one color changing dye that reacts with a free radical cure initiator during the vehicle body priming process and changes color to indicate when the primer composition has achieved a level of cure so as to be dry enough to sand.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for preparing a sodium interface and a method for preparing a sodium-based optical structure device. This sodium interface is prepared in an inert gas atmosphere by the following steps: (1) melting solid sodium metal into liquid by heat, and stripping off solid oxides and impurities on the surface of the molten sodium metal to obtain pure liquid sodium with metallic luster; and (2) spin-coating a dielectric substrate with the liquid sodium to obtain the sodium interface tightly attached to the dielectric substrate. The prepared sodium interface can be used as a plasmon polariton material for use in plasmon polariton optical waveguides, nano-lasers and the like.

Abstract: A combustion-supporting gas line, a flammable gas line, and an inert gas line are connected to a chamber performing a heat treatment on a semiconductor wafer. Nitrogen is sent from the inert gas line to the combustion-supporting gas line before supplying flammable gas into the chamber to replace gas in the combustion-supporting gas line with nitrogen. Nitrogen is sent from the inert gas line to the flammable gas line before supplying combustion-supporting gas into the chamber to replace gas in the flammable gas line with nitrogen. Common one inert gas line is provided in the combustion-supporting gas line and the flammable gas line, thus a space for arranging components relating to gas supply can be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for forming a thin film, and more particularly, to a method for forming a thin film comprising steps of: i) adsorbing a growth inhibitor for forming a thin film on a surface of a substrate, the growth inhibitor for forming a thin film being represented by Chemical Formula 1 below; and ii) adsorbing a Ti-based thin film precursor on a surface of a substrate on which the growth inhibitor is adsorbed. AnBmXo??[Chemical Formula 1] wherein A is carbon or silicon, B is hydrogen or a C1-C3 alkyl, X is a halogen, n is an integer of 1 to 15, o is an integer of 1 or more, and m is 0 to 2n+1. According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress side reactions to appropriately lower a thin film growth rate and remove process byproducts in the thin film, thereby preventing corrosion or deterioration and greatly improving step coverage and thickness uniformity of a thin film, even when the thin film is formed on a substrate having a complex structure.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electronic component includes providing a substrate and a functional layer supported by the substrate; forming a structured protection layer on a side of the substrate to which the functional layer is attached, wherein the structured protection layer has a recess so that a portion of the functional layer is exposed; applying a dispersion comprising a solvent and electrically conductive components to the exposed portion of the functional layer so that the recess is at least partially filled with the dispersion; drying the dispersion in order to create an electrically conductive layer; and removing the structured protection layer.

Abstract: Provided are pre-coat formulations, ink formulations, ink systems and printing methods for patterning a surface with a desired pattern.

Abstract: A thin walled balloon formed in polymer tubing has a patterned metal layer on its outer surface, created by physical vapor deposition (PVD). The pattern is defined by a stencil mask assembled around the balloon, with the balloon inflated therein. The PVD occurs without deforming or degrading the polymer material of the balloon, by actively pulling heat away from the balloon a) by forming the stencil mask out of metal; b) by providing a metal heat conduction path away from the balloon to a heat sink, such as outside the vacuum chamber, and/or c) by flow of a cooling fluid within the balloon during the PVD process. Proper PVD process parameters are selected to minimize heat generation, such as having argon pressure in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 milli-torr and generating the plasma at a power of less than about 200 watts/ square inch of effective target surface area.

Abstract: A method of coating particles includes dispensing particles into a vacuum chamber to form a particle bed in at least a lower portion of the chamber that forms a half-cylinder, evacuating the chamber through a vacuum port in an upper portion of the chamber, rotating a paddle assembly such that a plurality of paddles orbit a drive shaft to stir the particles in the particle bed, injecting a reactant or precursor gas through a plurality of channels into the lower portion of the chamber as the paddle assembly rotates to coat the particles, and injecting the reactant or precursor gas or a purge gas through the plurality of channels at a sufficiently high velocity such that the reactant or precursor a purge gas de-agglomerates particles in the particle bed.

Abstract: Described herein is an aqueous, chromium-free composition for a pretreatment of aluminum surfaces, which includes at least one water-soluble phosphorus compound, at least one water-soluble zirconium compound, at least one water-soluble titanium compound, and at least one water-soluble molybdenum compound, a phosphorus compound content being in a range from 15 to 50 mg/l (calculated as phosphorus), a zirconium compound content being in a range from 400 to 600 mg/l (calculated as metal), a titanium compound content being in a range from 85 to 400 mg/l (calculated as metal), and a molybdenum compound content being in a range from 40 to 150 mg/l (calculated as metal). Also described herein are a corresponding method and a correspondingly pretreated component or strip.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for performing physical vapor deposition in a reactor chamber to form aluminum material on a substrate including: depositing a first aluminum layer atop a substrate to form a first aluminum region having a first grain size and a first temperature; and cooling the first aluminum region atop a substrate to a second temperature at a rate sufficient to increase the first grain size to a second grain size.

Abstract: Methods for filling a substrate feature with a carbon gap fill, while leaving a void, are described. Methods comprise flowing a process gas into a high density plasma chemical vapor deposition (HDP-CVD) chamber, the chamber housing a substrate having at least one feature, the process gas comprising a hydrocarbon reactant, generating a plasma, and depositing a carbon film.

Abstract: An icephobic coating composition forms a coating layer that melts ice and snow upon contract and remains durable after several exposures to winter storms. The icephobic coating composition includes about 2.5% to about 12.5% by weight of latex polymer solids; about 30% to about 70% by weight of an inorganic halide salt; about 15% to about 50% by weight water; and about 1% to about 15% by weight of an organic co-solvent selected from glycerin, glycols, and glycol ethers. An alternative icephobic coating composition includes about 1% to about 20% by weight of a solution polymer instead of a latex polymer, and about 10% to about 40% by weight of a VOC-exempt organic solvent instead of the foregoing water and co-solvent.

Abstract: A polymeric substrate and a method of providing same includes providing a protection system of one or more layers on at least one first surface of the polymeric substrate, coating a spectrally controlling system on a surface of the protection system to provide an external surface, the spectrally controlling system comprising at least a light absorbing or a light reflecting layer, partially removing the spectrally controlling system from the external surface until reaching the at least one first surface of the protection system creating in the spectrally controlling system an area free of the light absorbing or light reflecting layer of the spectrally controlling system, and covering the area by depositing at least one or more substances in droplets.

Abstract: A method for forming a multilayer coating film which includes forming an uncured coating film by applying a first aqueous base coating composition, forming an uncured coating film by applying a second aqueous base coating composition, forming an uncured coating film by applying a clear coating composition, and simultaneously heat curing the obtained coating films. The first aqueous base coating composition contains a carbodiimide compound, the clear coating composition contains a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (A) having a hydroxyl value of 120 to 160 mgKOH/g and an acid value of 5 to 10 mgKOH/g, a polyisocyanate compound (B), and a polycarbonate diol compound (C). The component (A) has a hydroxyl group-containing alkyl moiety having 3 or less carbon atoms, and the ratio of the numbers of moles of the isocyanate functional groups of the component (B) and the hydroxyl group functional groups of the component (A) is 1.15 to 1.35.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a film for a decoration element, the method including depositing two or more islands on one surface of a film; and forming a pattern portion by dry etching the film using the island as a mask.

Abstract: Gloss of a surface having a concave-convex structure is measured, and R/V, which is a ratio of a diffuse specular reflection intensity R to a sum total V of diffuse reflection intensities (in formula, the diffuse specular reflection intensity R represents a diffuse reflection intensity measured at an aperture angle of 1 degree by a variable-angle photometer in a diffuse specular reflection direction when visible light is radiated, at an angle of 45 degrees from a normal line, to the surface having the concave-convex structure of the anti-glare film, and the sum total V of diffuse reflection intensities represents a sum total of diffuse reflection intensities measured at an aperture angle of 1 degree by a variable-angle photometer for every 1 degree from ?45 degrees up to 45 degrees, including 0 degrees, with respect to the diffuse specular reflection direction when visible light is radiated, at an angle of 45 degrees from a normal line, to the surface having the concave-convex structure of the anti-glare film

Abstract: A system for applying a chemical agent within a pipe includes a skid assembly, moveable longitudinally within the pipe. The skid assembly has a bottom positionable on a bottom, internal portion of the pipe. A delivery nozzle is carried by the skid assembly and is coupleable to a chemical agent supply. A dispensing tip delivers a controlled stream of chemical agent within the pipe toward an internal surface of the pipe. The tip is held at or above a surface of fluid carried by the pipe while at least a portion of the skid assembly is positioned below the fluid surface. The dispensing tip is limited from delivering the chemical agent downwardly toward the bottom of the skid assembly such that the dispensing tip delivers the controlled stream of chemical agent upwardly away from the bottom surface of the pipe and upwardly away from the fluid surface.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing multiple isolated hollow graphene balls, comprising: (a) mixing multiple particles of a graphitic material and multiple particles of a solid polymer carrier material to form a mixture in an impacting chamber of an energy impacting apparatus; (b) operating the energy impacting apparatus to peel off graphene sheets from the graphitic material and transferring the graphene sheets to surfaces of solid polymer carrier material particles to produce graphene-coated polymer particles; (c) recovering the graphene-coated polymer particles from the impacting chamber; and (d) suspending the graphene-encapsulated polymer particles in a gaseous medium to keep the particles separated from each other while concurrently pyrolyzing the particles to thermally convert polymer into pores and carbon, wherein at least one of the graphene balls comprises a hollow core enclosed by a shell composed of graphene sheets bonded together by carbon.