Abstract: Solid titanium trichloride in the form of fine granules having low aluminum compound content, which is suitable as a catalyst for polymerization of .alpha.-olefins, especially, propylene is obtained as a precipitate by heating liquefied titanium trichloride in the presence of a liberating agent, and separating the thus formed precipitate. The liquefied titanium trichloride is preferably prepared with an reducing titanium tetrachloride by organic aluminium compound in the presence of ether and hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Solid titanium trichloride in the form of fine granules having low aluminum compound content, which is suitable as a catalyst for polymerization of .alpha.-olefins, especially, propylene is obtained as a precipitate by heating liquefied titanium trichloride in the presence of a liberating agent, and separating the thus formed precipitate. The liquified titanium trichloride is preferably prepared with an reducing titanium tetrachloride by organic aluminum compound in the presence of ether and hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Production of ethylene is disclosed by a route which involves hydrocracking of a C.sub.3 or higher feedstock, e.g. a gas oil, followed by ethane pyrolysis. The feedstock/hydrogen ratio is chosen to favor C.sub.2 production (mainly ethane but also a small proportion of ethylene) in the hydrogenation zone and the reaction is prevented from self-quenching by supplying to the hydrocracking reaction zone hot combustion gases produced by at least partial oxidation of a fuel.

Abstract: A process for extracting non-ferrous metal values from an oxide ore. The process comprises leaching the ore with a solution containing at least one alkali metal chloride or alkaline earth chloride salt in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas at a temperature and pressure sufficient to solubilize the non-ferrous metal values into the solution of the metal chloride salt.

Abstract: In the disintegration of at least one chromium source selected from the group consisting of a SiO.sub.2 -containing chromite and a chromium-containing residue with an alkali compound at a temperature above about 800.degree. C in the presence of atmospheric oxygen and a lime-free diluent, followed by leaching of the mixture with at least one of water and/or a chromium (VI)-containing aqueous solution, the improvement which comprises including in the mixture to be disintegrated an aluminum compound and at least sufficient alkali to form alkali chromate and to convert the SiO.sub.2 into an alkali-aluminum silicate corresponding to the formula nMe.sub.2 O . mSiO.sub.2 . Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, wherein Me is at least one of sodium and potassium, 0.8 .ltoreq. n .ltoreq. 1.2 and 1.3 .ltoreq. m .ltoreq. 4.3.

Abstract: A method for efficiently precipitating nickel sulfide from an acidic nickel sulfate solution having a pH between 1.5 and 4, containing about 1 to 40 gpl nickel, optionally containing cobalt, and containing sufficient inert soluble sulfate salt to buffer the solution during the precipitation of nickel sulfide at relatively low temperature and pressure.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of separating a suspension of fine tailings particles from a material of value in a liquid medium which comprises, adding a small but effective amount of fluocculant to said liquid medium while mixing said liquid medium and continuing said mixing to effect flocculation of said fine tailings particles, passing said liquid medium containing said flocculated particles to a rotating pelletizing drum and subjecting said medium to the rotational action of said drum to pelletize said flocculated tailings particles, thickening said pelletized tailings particles to provide an underflow of said pelletized tailings particles, and disposing said pelletized tailings particles.

Abstract: A process and a product formed thereby for the recovery of chromium values from aqueous solutions (e.g., waste liquors) comprises contacting an acidic solution containing sulfate ion and trivalent chromium ion with at least about 4 molar equivalents of MgO or Mg(OH).sub.2 per 3 molar equivalents of trivalent chromium in addition to the amount required to neutralize the free acid to a pH of about 4 to form an amorphous, dense solid, grainy, easily settleable, trivalent chromium-containing precipitate in an alkaline solution according to the equation: 3Cr.sub.2 (SO.sub.4) + 8 MgO .fwdarw.Cr.sub.2 (OH).sub.4 SO.sub.4 .multidot. 4Cr(OH).sub.3 .multidot. 4H.sub.2 O + 8 MgSO.sub.4. The trivalent chromium-containing product can be readily separated from the water and is a useful source of chromium for subsequent processing. The water remaining after separation of the precipitate contains less than 0.5 mg/l chromium.

Abstract: Novel 2-hydroxyiminoacetic acids of the formula ##STR1## where R is an aromatic hydrocarbyl group substituted with one or more aliphatic chains of at least four carbon atoms are excellent for the extraction of metal values from acidic metal - containing aqueous solutions, particularly for the separation of Cu from Fe, Ni from Co and Ca from Mg.

Abstract: In an Andrussow-type process for making HCN from methane and ammonia, activity of the catalyst is improved by adding CO.sub.2 to the reactants.

Abstract: A process for treating a residue from the sulfuric acid leaching of roasted zinc blende, comprising(a) leaching the residue in a single stage with sulfuric acid and a metal sulfide supplied in a quantity sufficient for transforming the iron into divalent iron, the temperature being maintained between about 60.degree. C and the boiling point,(b) heating the mass to a temperature above the melting point of sulfur, separating a first fine-grained residue of low zinc and iron contents and high lead content, and separating a coarse-grained residue containing sulfur, compounds of iron and any excess metal sulfide from (a),(c) adjusting the pH of the residual solution to at most about 2, at a temperature between about 80.degree.

Abstract: A process in which copper, nickel, cobalt and molybdenum are recovered by reducing comminuted raw manganese nodules with an aqueous solution containing cuprous ions. An improvement is disclosed in which copper is oxidized to provide a starting solution of cuprous ions for the process. In one important embodiment of the invention wet copper cement is added to a solution of carbon dioxide and ammonia and ground manganese nodules are then added to the mixture. As a result, a starting solution containing cuprous ions is produced. A major advantage gained from utilizing manganese nodules as an oxidizing agent is that the manganese nodule is itself reduced and its metal values are added to the reaction solution.

Abstract: Caking of industrial alkali metal chlorides and mixtures containing them in storage is prevented and a flowable product is obtained by adding a hydrophilic and/or a hydrophobic material, in combination with a complex iron cyanide, on a hydroxyl group containing carrier to produce a permanent moisture content of at least 0.01 weight percent of water on the salt.

Abstract: An improved process is described for recovering TiO.sub.2, useful as a white pigment, from ilmenite-type ores, including the steps of digesting the ore with aqueous hydrofluroic acid, separating out iron impurities from the resulting solution, precipitating hydrated titanium dioxide from the iron-free solution with ammonium hydroxide, and calcining the precipitate to obtain pigmentary TiO.sub.2, wherein the improvement comprises subjecting aqueous solutions of by-product ammonium fluoride, formed in the process, to electrodialytic water-splitting to form an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide and an aqueous solution of hydrogen fluoride and recycling said aqueous ammonium hydroxide to the precipitation step and said aqueous hydrogen fluoride to the digestion step.

Abstract: A process for regenerating waste acid, such as waste hydrochloric acid pickling liquor by producing aqueous hydrochloric acid of pickling concentration and generating iron oxide including that of pigment grade, comprises the steps of (1) concentrating the waste liquor, (2) reacting the concentrated liquor at a temperature below 1000.degree. F.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing hydrogen halides by means of a catalytically active molten salt is disclosed. The subject hydrogen halide is contacted with a molten salt containing an oxygen compound of vanadium and alkali metal sulfates and pyrosulfates to produce an effluent gas stream rich in the elemental halogen. The reduced vanadium which remains after this contacting is regenerated to the active higher valence state by contacting the spent molten salt with a stream of oxygen-bearing gas.

Abstract: Calcium hypochlorite compositions useful as bleaching agents and disinfectants are produced by the reaction of solid granular quicklime with a gaseous mixture of dichlorine monoxide and an inert gas. The process takes place in the absence of a solvent and produces dry, free-flowing Ca(OCl).sub.2 compositions.

Abstract: A mixture of metal hydroxides is leached with an ammoniacal carbonate solution, to dissolve nickel, copper and zinc. Metal is recovered from the leaching solution. The solid leaching residue is leached with sulphuric acid at a pH of 1.5- 3, to dissolve a further amount of nickel, copper and zinc. The acidic leaching solution is passed to the ammoniacal leaching process.

Abstract: Chlorine dioxide is manufactured by reducing an alkali metal chlorate in an acid medium by means of a gaseous or liquid reducing agent in at least one production reactor, with recycling of the tail gases to the said reactor, in order to dilute the chloride dioxide produced. In the new process, the tail gases to be recycled are brought into contact with an excess of reducing agent and a sufficient amount of water to reduce virtually all of the chlorine contained in these tail gases to hydrochloric acid, and thereafter the mixture thus obtained, of tail gases after reduction, and of reducing agent, is recycled, at least partly, to the said reactor. In this way, a large amount of chloride ions, which are immediately available for the basic reaction of production of chlorine dioxide, is introduced at the same time as the neutral gases required for dilution.

Abstract: Process for the production of 2-chlorobuta-1,3-diene (chloroprene) which comprises reacting 3,4-dichlorobut-1-ene and sodium butylate in n-butanol to produce a reaction mixture containing the 2-chlorobuta-1,3-diene and sodium chloride in the n-butanol with the sodium chloride being a suspended solid. The reaction mixture is distilled in a distillation column to separate the 2-chlorobuta-1,3-diene as top product and n-butanol having the sodium chloride suspended therein as sump product. The reaction can be performed in the distillation column.