Abstract: Process for the production of 2,5-dimethyl-1,5-hexadiene by heating isobutene with a 1,1,2-trihalo ethylene in the vapor phase in the presence of a free-radical generator. The free-radical generator is preferably a peroxide and the reaction temperature in the range 200.degree.-600.degree. C. The product may be readily isomerized to 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene, which is useful as an insecticide intermediate.

Abstract: A gaseous mixture of hydrogen chloride containing a minor proportion of hydrogen fluoride is contacted with solid, particulate, substantially anhydrous calcium chloride to remove said HF contamination.

Abstract: A process for separating and recovering metal values and salts from brine, such as brine produced from a subterranean geothermal reservoir, in which the brine is pressurized to above the bubble point pressure and thereafter a precipitating agent, such as a soluble sulfide, is added to the brine to form insoluble metal sulfide precipitates. The precipitates are separated from the brine while maintaining the brine at a pressure above the bubble point pressure, and the hot brine is subsequently utilized to derive energy therefrom. The brine effluent after such energy derivation and the precipitate are optionally processed to primarily recover saleable salts and metal values, respectively.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of zinc calcine containing zinc oxides, zinc sulfates and zinc ferrites, which comprises neutral leaching, hot acid leaching, jarosite precipitation and recycling of the jarosite containing pulp whereby there is obtained increased zinc extractions, improved settling and filtering characteristics of the leach pulp, simplified operation and process control and increased ammonium removal.

Abstract: A process for treating monovalent silver oxide (Ag.sub.2 O) alone or in combination with other materials to increase its compressibility, increase its ability to absorb electrolyte, and decrease its carbon dioxide absorption rate by the step of heating the silver oxide or silver oxide mixture to temperatures of from about 150.degree. C to about 300.degree. C for a period of time from about 1 hour to about 5 hours.

Abstract: A process for removing zinc from an aqueous solution of a nickel salt by liquid-liquid extraction using as the extraction agent an organic phosphoric acid dissolved in an organic solvent, adding a strongly oxidizing substance at an elevated temperature to the aqueous phase emerging from the extraction to precipitate the cobalt as a hydroxide and decompose the organic phase left in the aqueous phase and to adsorb it into the cobalt hydroxide precipitate, and finally separating it from the pure aqueous nickel salt solution.

Abstract: A process for recovering iron, nickel and magnesium metal from low grade nickeliferrous ores is described. This process which requires little energy input comprises the steps of(a) grinding the ore to reduce the particle size of the ore,(b) preparing a slurry of the ground ore in sulfuric acid containing less than ten percent of water,(c) adding water to the acid:ore slurry in an amount which is effective to initiate a sulfation reaction,(d) allowing the sulfation reaction to continue utilizing the heat of the sulfation reaction, whereby water-soluble metal sulfates are formed,(e) leaching the sulfation product with water to extract the water-soluble salts of iron, nickel and magnesium from the insoluble residue, and(f) recovering the nickel, magnesium and iron from the leach solution.The desired metals which are recovered in this manner contain significantly reduced levels of undesirable silica.

Abstract: A process for the removal of aluminum chloride from a liquid solution thereof with the liquid metal chlorides resulting from the chlorination of titaniferous materials by mixing water and sodium chloride with the liquid solution in amounts such that the amount of water is less than equimolar with respect to the total amount of aluminum chloride and the combined amount of water and sodium chloride is at least equimolar with respect to the total amount of aluminum chloride. This process significantly decreases the corrosion of apparatus associated with the presence of aluminum chloride and substantially eliminates losses of titanium tetrachloride and ferric chloride present in the liquid solution and reduces the formation of HCl.

Abstract: Zinc is recovered from a material containing zinc and iron. The material is leached with sulphuric acid to produce a final pH of 3-5.5. Zinc powder is added to the leaching solution to precipitate polluting metals. Zinc is now extracted with a solution of a dialkyl phosphoric acid in an organic solvent. Zinc is extracted from the organic solution with sulphuric acid. Zinc is recovered from the sulphuric acid solution as metal or as zinc sulphate.

Abstract: A method for selectively extracting metal values from manganese bearing ores such as marine nodules. The ore is initially leached to solubilize manganese and other desirable metals as nitrates. The resulting solution is then treated with manganous hydroxide to selectively precipitate metals such as copper, nickel and cobalt. The enriched mixture of metal hydroxides is separated from the manganese nitrate solution, which is decomposed to recover high purity MnO.sub.2.

Abstract: The improvement in the method of recovering copper from low grade ore containing oxidized copper ore which comprises establishing a dump of such ore in fragmented form, substantially completely wetting the ore in the dump with strong aqueous sulfuric acid containing at least about 100 g/l H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, allowing the acid wetted ore to age for a period of at least about three days, thereafter washing the aged ore with dilute aqueous sulfuric acid containing about 5 to 40 g/l H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, collecting such washings, and recovering copper therefrom.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a titanium-containing component of a catalyst for the polymerization of monoolefins by the Ziegler-Natta method by milling (a) a titanium trichloride/aluminum trichloride complex and (b) a particular ether with one another, in which process (1) a vibratory ball mill producing a particular milling acceleration is used, (2) until from 6 to 85% of the aluminum trichloride originally present in a bonded form in the titanium-containing compound (a) have been eliminated from the said compound (a). Polyolefins of high stereoregularity can be obtained in a high specific yield by means of the catalyst component manufactured according to the invention.

Abstract: Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride is manufactured by dropping small particles of a metal fluoride, e.g., calcium fluoride, through a reaction zone countercurrent to a gas stream containing sulfur trioxide, sulfuric acid and water vapor.

Abstract: Titanium metal values may be recovered from a metal bearing source by subjecting the source to an oxidation step. The oxidized source is then divided, one portion being set to a reductive roast followed by leaching with hydrochloric acid. Thereafter, the remaining portion of the oxidized source is brought into contact with the leached solution whereby titanium dioxide is precipitated. The precipitated titanium dioxide is separated and recovered while the soluble metal values are treated for recovery thereof with a concurrent formation of hydrogen chloride, the latter being recycled back to the leaching zone.

Abstract: The red mud by-product of the Bayer process by which aluminum oxide is reed from bauxite as an aluminate, is digested with concentrated sulfuric acid or with sulfur trioxide gas to produce sulfates that can be leached out to the resulting mass with water. The solution is then heated at a pH of 1 to precipitate titanium oxide hydrate by hydrolysis. The remaining sulfates of the solution are then obtained in solid form by evaporation, or by precipitation with acetone, and the solid is then roasted to convert the aluminum and iron to the oxide. After leaching out the sodium sulfate with water, the aluminum and iron oxide are separated by the Bayer process, which works in this case even though x-ray diffusion patterns show that the aluminum oxide is mainly .alpha.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: Titanium metal values may be recovered from a titanium bearing source by subjecting the titanium bearing source to a reductive roast followed by leaching the reduced source with a hydrogen chloride source. Thereafter the leached titanium bearing source is precipitated by contact with a metal oxide such as ferric oxide in which the metal is present in a highly oxidized state. The precipitated titanium dioxide is separated and recovered while the spent liquor is treated to form hydrogen chloride which may be recycled to the leaching zone with a simultaneous formation of the metal oxide for recycle to the precipitation zone.

Abstract: A reactant gas is mixed intimately with a liquid and/or particulate solution in a pressurized container and agitated with high energy. Mixing occurs initially by spraying the liquid and gas together to form an emulsion with great surface contact between the reactants, and the emulsion mix is improved and maintained by agitating in the container. The container is carried on oscillatable supports and is driven by an imbalance drive for vertical oscillation in any of several configurations. Loose mixing balls or bodies are optionally carried in the container to increase the agitation and to grind solid particles carried into the solution. The grinding bodies also source protective reaction-deposited layers from the solid particles to speed the reaction. Pressure and temperature of the process is readily controlled.

Abstract: Ores or mineral mixtures containing zinc sulphides and magnesium and/or calcium in the form of carbonates, oxides and/or hydroxides are leached with an aqueous sulphur dioxide bearing solution to selectively dissolve magnesium and/or calcium leaving the zinc sulphides in the undissolved residue in concentrated form. During the dissolution reaction, the pH is maintained within the range of about 1 to about 4 by the addition of sulphur dioxide to the leach solution at a rate at least sufficient to replace sulphur dioxide taken up in the dissolution of magnesium and/or calcium thereby promoting selective dissolution of the magnesium and calcium compounds and non-dissolution of the zinc sulphides.

Abstract: The invention relates to the concentration by flotation of fine mesh size and/or oxidized ores.The invention consists in using a chelating agent selected from the .beta.-diketones as flotation reagents in a conventional flotation process. Fine mesh size ores and/or oxidized ores, notably oxidized copper, lead or zinc ores with carbonated and/or silicated gangue can also be used as starting materials.Application:making use as starting materials of ores which are difficult to cause to float by conventional methods.

Abstract: Arsenic-containing waste materials comprising water-soluble arsenic salts are processed to a product which comprises water-insoluble arsenic salts by reacting the same in an aqueous system with sulfuric acid and calcium hydroxide in the presence of sulfate ions and ferrous and/or ferric ions, and thereafter curing the system to solid form.The process can be practiced with conventional waste materials without preliminary special processing, and provides a product which can be easily handled and is amenable to secure landfill disposal.