Abstract: A method for identification of non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria (NFB) consisting of correlating results from a plurality of oxidative alkalinization (OAL) assays in media samples consisting essentially of a minimal-protein medium, an indicator and a substrate and a plurality of oxidative acidification (OAC) assays in media consisting essentially of a minimal-protein medium, an indicator and a substrate. A medium for determining oxidative attack (OA) consists essentially of a minimal-protein medium, an indicator and a substrate.

Abstract: An assay system and method for the direct determination of the enzymatic activity of the enzyme renin in a biological sample. An enzyme specific octopeptide is incorporated into substrate which is immobilized at one end on an insoluble carrier and is tagged with a marker at the other. Through enzymatic activity, renin reacts with the substrate to cleave the octopeptide and thereby permit solubilization of the marker segment of the substrate. The solubilized marker can then be separated and quantified to indicate the amount of active renin in the sample.

Abstract: A method for detecting and measuring the activity of enzymes capable of digesting fibrinogen or fibrin and for detecting and measuring the activity of enzyme activators and enzyme inhibitors of said enzymes, by incubating an unknown enzyme sample in a humid labelled fibrinogen or labelled fibrin coated test apparatus, isolating the labelled degradation products of fibrinogen or fibrin released by the unknown enzyme sample and measuring the labelled degradation products of fibrinogen released by the unknown sample.

Abstract: A method and composition are provided for preparing a novel acidified milk gel product, characterized by smooth body with no graininess and good flavor. The composition comprises a novel thickener system which is a blend of carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, and locust bean gum. The thickener is used as a level of from about 0.6-1.6 by weight based on the weight of the final total weight of the milk - acid system. The three components of the thickener composition are present at levels of from about 30% to about 50% for carboxymethyl cellulose, from about 20% to about 50% for xanthan gum, and from about 10% to about 45% for locust bean gum, all percentages as a percent of total weight of the thickener composition. The thickener system can be used for both hot and cold preparations.

Abstract: A method of determining triglycerides in biological fluids which comprises reacting a biological fluid sample with a lipolytic enzyme to liberate free glycerol, reacting said free glycerol with a coupled enzyme series in an oxygenated aqueous solution containing ATP, GK, .alpha.-GPDH, NAD and an electron transfer agent, and measuring the uptake of oxygen by the oxidation of the resulting NADH with an oxygen-sensing electrode.

Abstract: A portable, automated chemical analyzer having a polarographic oxygen electrode submerged in a batch of stirred solution. The signal from the electrode is directly differentiated and amplified to produce a signal proportional to the time rate of change of oxygen concentration. The membrane of the polarographic sensor is stretched very tightly over the cathode surface to provide a high signal-to-noise ratio. Methods for analyzing cholesterol-cholesterol oxidase and various other enzyme systems by the polarographic electrode oxygen sensing apparatus include the steps of converting the sensed signal into time rate of change of oxygen concentration and recording the maximum rate of change of oxygen concentration.

Abstract: An enzymatic substrate adsorbed on a solid carrier with a large specific surface area of over 50 m.sup.2 /g. The enzymatic substrate shall be stable in the absence of the corresponding enzyme and essentially non-soluble in water. The substrate containing layer surrounding the carrier may also comprise diluents and thickeners. The substrate-carrier together with an enzyme and a pH indicating substance is also useful as a time-temperature indicating device.

Abstract: Method and enzyme conjugates are provided for determining physiological amounts of polyiodothyronine in physiological fluid, particularly serum.A homogeneous enzyme immunoassay is provided employing an enzyme-bound-polyiodothyronine having less than about 50 percent of the original enzyme activity, whose activity increases upon binding with a receptor. The enzyme-bound-polyiodothyronine, the unknown suspected to containing a polyiodothyronine, and receptor for the polyiodothyronine are combined in an aqueous medium containing substrate for said enzyme and the enzymatic activity of the solution determined. By comparing the result obtained with results obtained from standards having known amounts of polyiodothyronine, the amount of polyiodothyroninein the unknown can be determined.The enzyme-bound-polyiodothyronine employs an enzyme which is reversibly deactivated by polyiodothyronine, so as to be reactived by receptor binding to the polyiodothyronine.

Abstract: A method of determining creatine phosphokinase activity in biological fluids comprising reacting a biological fluid sample with a coupled enzyme series in an oxygenated aqueous solution containing creatine phosphate, ADP, glucose, HK, G-6-PDH, NADP and an electron transfer agent and measuring the uptake of oxygen by the oxidation of the resulting NADPH with an oxygen-sensing electrode.

Abstract: A novel, highly nutritious, protein-rich, solid food product comprises fermented and autolyzed proteinaceous material, usually meat, fish or other animal tissue, bound into coherent pieces by a gelled or coagulated binder and stabilized against microbiological activity by an acid pH value, preferably below 5.5. The starting material is comminuted, an acid-producing fermentation culture, for example of Lactobacillus species, is added with fermentable carbohydrate, and the mixture incubated until the pH value has fallen to 4 or below. A coagulable or gellable binder, such as gluten or xanthan gum, is then incorporated, preferably also with antimycotic, and the product shaped, for example by extrusion, and cooked.

Abstract: The bubbling of poorly soluble gases into fermentation liquids either for the replenishment of dissolved oxygen or for removal of excess super-saturated CO.sub.2 can lead to severe foaming problems, particularly in deep fermentation vessels. The present invention overcomes this problem by dissolving the gas in an aqueous medium, usually water, under superatmospheric conditions and injecting the gas solution into the fermentation liquid in controlled quantities under conditions such that the gas is either retained in solution in the fermentation liquid or, at most, the gas is released from solution in the form of microbubbles of much smaller size than can be obtained by passing gas through a porous diffuser. Microbubbles may be released from the gas solution by injecting the pressurized gas solution into the fermentation liquid under conditions of high shear rate.

Abstract: A micro-method for measurement of sterols such as cholesterol, and other macromolecular substances, is disclosed utilizing enzymes for the conversion of such substances to produce ultimately hydrogen peroxide and measurement of the generated hydrogen peroxide with a membrane covered polarographic anode. The polarographic anode is set at a voltage so as to produce current proportional to hydrogen peroxide concentration. According to the method of this invention, the macromolecular substance under analysis enters into an enzymatic reaction in a sample chamber on the side of the membrane opposite the anode and the membrane is impermeable to such substances, but senses hydrogen peroxide. The method is adapted to measure free and total blood cholesterol in a precise, rapid, sensitive and specific manner.

Abstract: Cold flavored drinks are prepared by adding for instance water to a flavored water ice with an overrun greater than 50%. The water ice can conveniently be extruded into and frozen in a drinking receptacle; on adding water a cold drink is obtained conveniently.

Abstract: A test kit for detecting the presence of a specific microorganism in a biological sample utilizing the phenomenon of genetic transformation. The test kit comprises a transformable variant of said specific microorganism, such as auxotrophs which are distinguishable from their wild parent strain. The variants are transformed by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from microorganism cells present in a biological test sample. The detection of transformed cells indicates the presence of the specific microorganism under determination in the sample. The microorganism cells present in the biological sample are lysed utilizing an aqueous solution containing a surfactant capable of performing the lysing step.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process of preparing a culture of mycobacteria by culturing mycobacteria on a liquid medium capable of dissociating mycobacteria into phenotypes, the culturing being carried out under partial anaerobic conditions and at a pH between 4.5 and 8.5.

Abstract: A serum sample is added to a reaction liquid obtained by adding an aqueous solution of a mixture of a tetrazolium compound and phenazine methosulfate to an enzyme-coenzyme reagent comprising LPL, GDH and NAD thereby effecting hydrolysis reaction of serum triglycerides and subsequent dehydrogenation reaction of resulting glycerol and the liquid after the reaction is subjected to colorimetry in a visible ray region to determine the triglyceride content of the serum.

Abstract: The mixed lymphocyte reaction in tissue culture is used to detect the tumor induced autoimmune reaction which has been found to be characteristic of lymphoid malignancies. Lymphocytes from blood, spleen, and lymph nodes are employed in combinations of two. A mixed lymphocyte reaction from any one of the three possible combinations is indicative of the presence of a lymphoid malignancy.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing of solutions, such as antibiotic solutions to determine the presence of microorganisms, in which the solution is flowed through a plastic cylinder having a microporous membrane filter which strains microorganisms from the solution and concentrates them on the filter and thereafter the cylinder is flushed with a sterile solution, followed by filling the cylinder with an appropriate growth culture medium with the filter being vented, during this step, through a vent having a hydrophobic filter to prevent intake of bacteria. The presence of microorganisms in the original solution to be tested is determined by visual observation of the turbidity of the growth solution after an appropriate incubation period at suitable temperature. Where more than one microorganism is being tested for, aliquots of the test solution are flowed into identical plastic cylinders. The cylinders are intended to be disposables constructed economically enough to be thrown away after each test.

Abstract: A kinetic assay is provided for measuring alpha-amylase content in aqueous solutions. The assay is based on the following reactions:alpha-1,4 linked glucan .sup.alpha-amylase alpha-maltosealpha-maltose + PO.sub.4 .sup.-.sup.-.sup.- .sup.MP Glucose + beta-D-G-1-Pbeta-D-G-1-P .sup.beta-PGM G-6-PG-6-P + NAD .sup.G6PDH 6-P-G + NADHthe concentration of alpha-amylase is determined by measuring the rate of increase in absorbance associated with the production of NADH which is a measure of the activity of alpha-amylase.A novel reagent system is used with the assay and comprises:A polysaccharide having glucose molecules primarily connected through alpha 1,4 linkageMaltose phosphorylase (MP)Phosphate ions (PO.sub.4 .sup.-.sup.-.sup.

Abstract: An improved enzymic assay and assay composition for acetate ion in a biological fluid (e.g., blood serum or tissue extract) or a solution of fruit juice origin (e.g., wine). The acetate ion is reacted with adenosine triphosphate in the presence of enzymic quantities of phosphotransacetylase to form adenosine diphosphate. The above procedure is accelerated by the presence of Coenzyme A and phosphotransacetylase enzyme during the formation of adenosine diphosphate. Thereafter, the quantity of adenosine diphosphate may be assayed by known enzymic techniques. The procedure may be employed for analysis of acetate esters (e.g., ethyl acetate) by hydrolysis to acetate ion in the presence of esterase.