Abstract: A method and device for producing low-molecular products, especially for determining the concentration of low-molecular biological substances, by means of enzyme reaction, characterized by the fact that, after the reaction is complete, the used enzyme is separated from the low-molecular substances of the reaction mixture by means of ultrafiltration, conducted into a circulation system, especially a continuous circulation system, and used again for enzymatic production of low-molecular substances.

Abstract: A specific sensitized matrix for diagnosing both infectious and non-infectious disease is disclosed comprised of an insoluble, inert, pliable and wettable matrix having a network of pores, and a protein polymer network immobilized in the network of pores formed of protein carrier molecules, specific antigens or antibodies, and a coupling agent coupling the protein carrier molecules together and the antigen or antibody to the protein carrier molecules. A variety of matrix materials, protein carrier molecules, specific antigens or antibodies and coupling agents can be used. Methods of preparing the sensitized matrix and diagnostic test procedures utilizing the sensitized matrix for detecting disease are also disclosed.

Abstract: A dry base to be processed in the manner of coffee to produce a coffee-like beverage is produced by coating cereal grain with a liquid extract of carrots and/or parsnips at an elevated temperature. Ground red corn may be added to the coated grain and then the product is roasted.

Abstract: Char waste water, a waste product in sugar refining, derived by water washing spent animal charcoal (char), is useful as a sporulation medium for the production of Bacillus popilliae spores. Bacillus popilliae spores are useful as a microbial insecticide in the control of Japanese beetles since B. popilliae spores cause milky disease in the Japanese beetle and other insects, such as the European chafer.

Abstract: Dietary compositions containing peptides and/or amino acids, lipids and carbohydrates, aqueous emulsions of the dietary composition, and methods of preparing such compositions and emulsions. The aqueous emulsions are characterized by improved stability, and correspondingly improved palatability, which is afforded by the use of high amylose starch in the composition. The dietary compositions are consumed in their aqueous emulsion form.

Abstract: The ease and speed of known enzymatic assays of micro-amounts of urea is improved by a novel reagent assay comprising: urease, buffers, and an indicator dye, the improvement wherein a mixed buffer system is present which mitigates against the effects of temperature changes during the assay, and a novel method of determining released ammonia with an indicator dye and spectrophotometer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for determining the concentration or quantity of substrate molecules by monitoring directly the concentration and/or the quantity of vaporous byproduct produced from the selective reaction of the molecule catalyzed with a known amount of an enzyme or a microorganism. The apparatus comprises a membrane permeable to the vaporous by-product, a known amount of microorganism or an enzyme immobilized adjacent to the membrane, means for introducing a liquid sample into contact with the microorganism or enzyme and means for measuring the amount of vaporous by-product passing through the membrane. A mass spectrometer located adjacent the membrane surface having the immobilized enzyme or microorganism is suitable for measuring the amount of vaporous by-product passing through the membrane.

Abstract: A method for the rapid determination of the presence or absence of residues of antibiotic such as penicillin, in liquids, for example milk, and meat comprising introducing spores of a microorganism which possesses a high sensitivity for the antibiotic to be determined into an agar medium so that the spores are prevented from starting to germ due to lack of nutrients, but stay alive, and being sufficiently heavily inoculated that after addition of nutrients and incubation at or near optimal temperature in a short time sufficient growth has proceeded so that growth is either observable visually or its indicated by an indicator added to the agar medium, the said spore culture being allowed to solidify in upright test vessels having a cross-sectional dimension sufficiently small to require as little of the agar medium as possible but sufficiently large to enable a correct determination of inhibition of growth of the microorganism to be made, and having a height so that the vessel can contain a sufficient amount o

Abstract: A continuous-flow method and apparatus for the determination of alcohol in a biological fluid such as blood is disclosed. A packed column containing the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase physically entrapped in a acrylamide gel together with other special ingredients which extend the active life of the enzyme in the test environment is provided. Downstream of the packed column a transparent measurement cell is provided in conjunction with a fluorescence spectrophotometer which is utilized to measure the fluorescence of the effluent which is directly related to the amount of ethyl alcohol in the original sample. The fluorescence measurement is electrically transformed by conventional means into a direct readout of the alcohol content of the sample. This obtains from the fact that alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of ethyl alcohol in the presence of non-fluorescening NAD to produce acetaldehyde and fluorescing NADH.sub.2.

Abstract: Stable antibiotic susceptibility test discs are prepared by depositing crystals of a .beta.-lactam-type-antibiotic on said discs, said crystals being dispersed in a volatile unreactive non-solvent vehicle, such dispersion being contacted with such discs and the vehicle evaporated therefrom.

Abstract: Wild strain Lechien of the organism Clostridium perfringens is attenuated with nitrosoguanidine. To produce an anti-tumor preparation, the attenuated organism is grown first on a growth medium then on a sporulation medium and the resulting growth recovered as a bacillary suspension, a spore suspension, or culture filtrates. The preparation in any of these forms has the property of inhibiting the growth of Ehrlich's solid tumor, of reducing the tumor size, and lengthening the survival time of the host.

Abstract: Media for supporting the growth of certain types of microorganisims, especially Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis, are described. These media, when supplemented with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), albumin and penicillin induce microorganism transformation to the wall-defective or "L-form." The PVP is necessarily "detoxified" for use in the L-form inducing media.

Abstract: A novel immunoassay is provided, as well as particular reagents, for determining the presence of a ligand. A Reagent is employed having at least two epitopes, one of the epitopes being common with the ligand, and the other epitopes being foreign to the ligand. The two epitopes are positioned in the Reagent so that antibody bound to one of the epitopes sterically inhibits the binding of antibody to the second epitope.In carrying out the assay, the sample, the Reagent, and antibodies to the two epitopes are combined. Because of the steric inhibition to the simultaneous binding of the two antibodies to the Reagent, the amount of antibody bound to the epitope of the Reagent foreign to the ligand will be related to the amount of ligand present in the assay medium. By analyzing directly or indirectly for the antibody bound to the epitope foreign to the ligand, and comparing the results to known standards, qualitative or quantitative determinations of the amount of ligand may be made.

Abstract: Microorganisms and tissue cells are cultured in culture media which contain a growth support. Such support is often agar. All microorganisms and tissue cells which are grown and propagated on an agar support in a culture media are also grown and propagated under the same conditions on a solid or semi-solid support, consisting essentially of an inorganic water-swellable material and water, containing the same amounts of the same materials otherwise contained by the culture medium with the agar support.

Abstract: A method for the genetic detection of specific microorganisms based on the phenomenon of transformation is disclosed. Variants such as auxotrophs which are distinguishable from their wild, parent strain are transformed by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from microorganism cells present in a biological test sample. The detection of transformed cells indicates the presence of the specific microorganism under determination in the sample. The transforming-DNA is in a sterile, crude form, thereby providing a simple, rapid, and highly specific test method.

Abstract: A continuous method and apparatus for the determination of urea in a biological fluid such as blood, for example, is disclosed. In a continuously flowing system, the biological sample is introduced into a buffered carrier solution of low electrical conductance and is caused to flow into a chamber containing an immobilized enzyme which catalyzes a specific reaction which changes the electrical properties of the solution by increasing the dissociated ion concentration therein. This increase in dissociated ion concentration is directly proportional to the original concentration of urea in the biological sample; and any one of the several conventional electrical measurements may be made to determine the increase in such concentration or the rate of increase in such concentration and thereby determine the concentration of urea in the original biological sample.