Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a dispersion apparatus. The dispersion apparatus may include an optical substrate; a grating layer on a first side of the optical substrate; and a light outlet layer on a second side of the optical substrate, the second side opposite the first side of the optical substrate. The grating layer is configured to perform dispersion of incident light into first-order diffracted beams having target wavelengths and transmit the first-order diffracted beams into the optical substrate, and wherein a diffraction angle of each of the first-order diffracted beams having the target wavelengths is smaller than a total reflection angle between the optical substrate and air. The light outlet layer is configured to extract the first-order diffracted beams having the target wavelengths in the optical substrate.

Abstract: A method for maintenance of a permanent way, roadway or travel path for rail vehicles includes determining the actual condition of the permanent way by using a measuring system to record measurement data. Objects along the permanent way are detected from the measurement data by using an evaluation device. A detected object is assigned to an object class, and at least one object class identification linked with positional data is stored in a database for a detected object. The actual condition of the permanent way is thus stored in an object-based manner, and a comparison with a target condition or with historic actual conditions is used for the planning and execution of maintenance measures. A maintenance system for executing the method is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are an activation apparatus of a railway vehicle and a railway vehicle having activation apparatus. The activation apparatus being disposed in each carriage of the railway vehicle containing a plurality of marshallings, the activation apparatus comprising: a target power supply, connected with an activation busbar through a first branch, wherein the activation busbar runs through the railway vehicle containing the plurality of marshallings; and a circuit switch, configured to control a state of the first branch, wherein the state comprising one of the followings: a disconnection state and a connection state. The present disclosure solves the technical problem in the related art in which a current railway vehicle activation mode cannot allow all control carriages to activate and control a corresponding railway vehicle.

Abstract: A nanotube spectrometer array includes: a substrate including block receivers; photodetectors arranged in an array with each photodetector including: a single wall carbon nanotube disposed on the substrate in a block receiver and disposed laterally along the block receiver; a source electrode on the single wall carbon nanotube; a drain electrode on the single wall carbon nanotube, such that the source and drain electrodes are separated from each other by a photoreceiver portion of the single wall carbon nanotube; and a gate electrode disposed on the substrate such that substrate is interposed between the gate electrode and the single wall carbon nanotube. The single wall carbon nanotube in each photodetector is a different chirality so that each photodetector absorbs light with a maximum photon absorptivity at a difference wavelength that is based on the chirality of the single wall carbon nanotube of the photodetector.

Abstract: Methods of liquid and solid materials analysis by laser induced ablation spectroscopy are disclosed. The liquid and solid materials are analyzed in an instrument having one pulsed laser to produce emissive plasma plumes and ablate solid material. Liquid phase samples are aerosolized before streaming to an analysis zone where they are dissociated into a plasma plume. A large number of sites within solid phase sample structures and be analyzed using a movable x-y-z stage and displayed in a chemical map.

Abstract: A Raman spectroscopy based system and method for examination and interrogation provides a method for rapid and cost effective screening of various protein-based compounds such as bacteria, virus, drugs, and tissue abnormalities. A hand-held spectroscope includes a laser and optical train for generating a Raman-shifting sample signal, signal processing and identification algorithms for signal conditioning and target detection with combinations of ultra-high resolution micro-filters and an imaging detector array to provide specific analysis of target spectral peaks within discrete spectral bands associated with a target pathogen.

Abstract: A vehicle for travelling along a linear route guideway, comprising a body configured to accommodate cargo, equipment or passenger(s); traction engines on the body of the vehicle configured to orient the body within relative to the linear route guideway; and a controller for actuating at least one of the traction engines as a function of a desired orientation of the vehicle relative to the linear route guideway. A controller system for a vehicle for travelling along a linear route guideway is also disclosed.

Abstract: A wayside railway sensor package is provided to detect railway wheels for the purposes of assessing the speed and direction of a train in order to align any measured characteristic on said moving train with the proper vehicle. The stand-alone package is easily installed in the web of the rail using standard tools. When used in combination with recent processing techniques, the package can be used to replace one or more components or subsystems on all common wayside detectors while also providing enhanced capabilities and improved reliability. The package also contains sensors that provide data used for assessing additional rail, wheel, and vehicle conditions directly.

Abstract: A train control system includes an onboard equipment with a wireless receiver and connected to a railway vehicle, a wayside equipment with a wireless transmitter and assigned to an interlocking entry point, wherein the interlocking entry point includes a home signal, wherein the wayside equipment is configured to wirelessly transmit status data of the home signal to the onboard equipment of the railway vehicle when approaching the interlocking entry point via a wireless communication link, and wherein the onboard equipment is configured to receive the status data of the home signal via the wireless communication link and to determine a distance between the railway vehicle and the interlocking entry point.

Abstract: A device and method for expediting spectral measurement in metrological activities during semiconductor device fabrication through interferometric spectroscopy of white light illumination during calibration, overlay, and recipe creation.

Abstract: A hybrid electrodynamic levitation system that utilizes both superconducting and conductive tracks. The hybrid system reduces the overall drag induced upon the system and reduces the amount of power required to achieve operating speeds, while resolving the issue of requiring velocity relative to the track for levitation. The total initial and operating costs of the hybrid system can be lower than utilizing a superconductive or conductive track alone, while still enabling a fail-safe levitation system for high speed transportation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a running gear frame for a rail vehicle, in particular, a rail vehicle having a nominal speed above 160 km/h, comprising a running gear frame unit (107) defining a longitudinal axis, a transverse axis and a height axis and comprising two longitudinal beams (108) and at least one transverse beam (110).

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide plasmonic structures, methods of making plasmonic structures, and the like.

Abstract: An optical analysis method and assembly for analysing an ultrashort laser pulse, the assembly includes a single-shot optical autocorrelator, having a polarity separator for angular separation of an incident laser radiation beam with fundamental frequency (?) into two laser radiation beams with the fundamental frequency and linear polarities which are orthogonal to one another, the two beams forming angle therebetween so that the beams at least partially overlap at the output of the separator, a type-II nonlinear crystal receives the at least partially overlapping beams and generates, at the output of the crystal, a single laser radiation beam with harmonic frequency (2?). A spectral filtering device selectively allows the passage of the single laser radiation beam while blocking the laser radiation beams with fundamental frequency. The non-linear crystal, spectral filtering device, and detection system detect an intensimetric single-shot autocorrelation trace of the order of two at the harmonic frequency.

Abstract: A LIDAR system emits laser pulses, wherein each pulse is associated with a power level. A laser emitter is adjusted during operation of a LIDAR system using power profile data associated with the laser. The power profile data is obtained during a calibration procedure and includes information that associates charge duration for a laser power supply with the actual power output by laser. The power profiles can be used during operation of the LIDAR system. A laser pulse can be emitted, the reflected light from the pulse received and analyzed, and the power of the next pulse can be adjusted based on a lookup within the power profile for the laser. For instance, if the power returned from a pulse is too high (e.g., above some specified threshold), the power of the next pulse is reduced to a specific value based on the power profile.

Abstract: A time-resolved hyper-spectral imaging system for imaging a sample, includes a radiation source suitable for illuminating the sample repeatably, a first optical system configured to form an image I of the sample on a spatial light modulator forming a transmission or reflection mask P, a processor connected to the spatial light modulator and configured to make the transmission or reflection mask P vary for each repetition of the illumination, a second optical system suitable for focusing the radiation transmitted or reflected by the spatial light modulator so as to form, in its image focal plane, a partial image S=P·I; the imaging system being wherein it comprises: a dispersive device comprising a slit placed in the image focal plane of the second optical system, the dispersive device being suitable for spatially splitting the various wavelengths of the radiation transmitted or reflected by the spatial light modulator; a streak camera arranged so as to be illuminated by the radiation issuing from the dispersiv

Abstract: Articulation for a supporting and guiding device for a vehicle hauling cable of a transport installation, including a first frame adapted to be attached to a support carrying a rotary roller intended to be in contact with the hauling cable, a second frame adapted to be introduced into an orifice formed within a carrying structure of the device, and at least one elastic element placed between the first and second frames and adapted to allow a pivoting movement of the first frame relative to the carrying structure, the articulation having a variable outer diameter able to decrease when the articulation is introduced into the orifice.

Abstract: A Multichromatic Calibration (MC) method of at least a spectral sensor which is one of a list comprising at least a spectrometer, a multispectral sensor, a hyperspectral sensor, a spectral camera, a color camera. The method comprises a. generating a plurality of different multichromatic spectra, wherein i. a spectrum from the plurality of different multichromatic spectra contains light intensity measurable by the at least one spectral sensor and by a reference spectral device, and ii. a spectrum from the plurality of different multichromatic spectra contains light centered around at least two different wavelengths and is configured to be integrated during an exposure time of a single measurement from any of the at least one spectral sensor or the reference spectral device; b.

Abstract: A truck assembly is configured to travel along a track having rails, and includes a first side frame, a second side frame, and a bolster extending between the first side frame and the second side frame. One or more of the first side frame, the second frame, or the bolster includes at least a portion formed as an I-beam that includes a web having a first end and a second end opposite from the first end, a first flange extending from the first end of the web, and a second flange extending from the second end of the web. A thickness of the web increases away from a first neutral axis towards the first flange and the second flange.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a multi-layered sheet material (1) comprising a reinforcing member (2), having a polymer coating (3) at least on one side, preferably on both sides, wherein the reinforcing member (2) comprises at least one backing fabric (6) made of warp threads (7a,b) and weft threads (8a,b), and wherein the sheet material (1) comprises at least one channel (12) extending through the sheet material (1), and wherein the warp and weft threads (7a,b; 8a; 8b) are woven together such that the backing fabric (6) comprises both single layer fabric regions (14) and at least one at least two-layered fabric region having at least two fabric layers (15a,b), which are not joined together, so that the channel (12) is each formed between the fabric layers (15a,b), as a bellows wall (19) of a crossway bellows (16), a crossway element comprising such a sheet material for the protection of a passageway of two vehicle parts or components, which are connected together movably relative to each other,