Abstract: A substance treatment apparatus includes an RF signal source, power detection circuitry, a controller, and a transmission path between the RF signal source and a first electrode that radiates electromagnetic energy into a chamber. The RF signal source includes a solid-state amplifier that generates an RF signal. The power detection circuitry detects reflected signal power along the transmission path. Based on the reflected signal power, the controller modifies values of variable components within an impedance matching network electrically coupled along the transmission path to adjust a magnitude of the reflected signal power. The impedance matching network may have a double-ended input connected to a balun, and a double-ended output connected to the first electrode and to a second electrode. Alternatively, the impedance matching network may have a single-ended input connected to the RF signal source, and a single-ended output connected to the first electrode. The second electrode may be grounded.

Abstract: According to the present disclosure, a photoelectrochemical cell for wastewater treatment is disclosed. A method of fabricating such a photoelectrochemical cell is also disclosed.

Abstract: Ex situ remediation technology has been the primary method for treating groundwater contaminated with poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances. These pump and treat systems are expensive and energy intensive. To address the need for effective in situ remediation technology, a reactor to be used within a subsurface well has been developed. The reactor allows for contaminant destruction methods such as ultrasound to be used in situ. This invention eliminates the need for pumps and aboveground treatment. In addition it produces no waste products that must be treated further.

Abstract: A method of treating a liquid, the method including: receiving a chemically treated liquid; passing the chemically treated liquid through a nanobubble generator to produce a nanobubble-containing liquid; treating the nanobubble-containing liquid with disinfecting radiation to produce a resultant liquid; and releasing the resultant liquid for use.

Abstract: A system and method removes bound water from partially dewatered sludge by cavitating the partially dewatered sludge mixture with air bubbles; irradiating the cavitated partially dewatered sludge with an electron beam to create ozone within air bubbles; and filtering the water from the irradiated cavitated partially dewatered sludge.

Abstract: A method of preparing large-size high-porosity Fe-doped photocatalytic porous magnetic microspheres, including: dissolving a soluble macromolecule in a distilled water to obtain a solution A having a concentration of 0.5-1.5 wt %; adding a photocatalyst to the solution A, and uniformly stirring the solution A to obtain a suspension B; mixing a saturated soluble ferric salt solution with the suspension B, and uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain a suspension C; dropwise adding the suspension C to a high-concentration alkali solution by a syringe equipped with a suitable needle size to form microspheres; ageing the reaction system and drying the formed microspheres after adding; calcining the dried microspheres at 600-1100° C.; cooling the calcined microspheres to obtain the large-size high-porosity Fe-doped photocatalytic porous magnetic microspheres.

Abstract: The method of producing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using red sand includes mixing red sand with water to form an aqueous suspension of red sand, removing the supernatant from the suspension, centrifuging the supernatant and retaining a second supernatant from the centrifuged suspension, dissolving a solution of zinc nitrate in the second supernatant to form a precursor solution, and adding 1M NaOH dropwise to the precursor solution to precipitate the zinc oxide nanoparticles. The precipitate may be washed, dried and calcined to provide the red sand synthesized ZnO NPs. The red sand synthesized ZnO NPs have photocatalytic activity and can be used, for example, to degrade organic dyes in aqueous environments.

Abstract: A water treatment unit with a housing having a housing interior and an oscillation unit mounted so as to oscillate in the housing interior. The oscillation unit can be set in oscillation by a coil through which an electrical alternating signal flows, wherein a water inlet and a water outlet are provided on the housing, and wherein a flow area is formed between the inner wall of the housing that delimits the housing interior and the oscillation unit, the flow area being designed such that water flowing from the water inlet to the water outlet flows around the oscillation unit.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a preparation method of a silver-modified spiral Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) nano-fiber photocatalyst, comprising the following steps: preparing a spiral TiO2 nano-fiber; preparing a nano-silver aqueous solution; and preparing a silver-modified spiral TiO2 nano-fiber photocatalyst. The photocatalyst is coupled with the spiral structure of the nano-fiber and nano-silver particles with a specific size, improving the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst. Moreover, the sterilizing and biological pollution resisting capacities of the photocatalyst are also improved through the modified nano-silver particles, and therefore, the photocatalyst can be widely applied to a deep sewage treatment system.

Abstract: A water treatment equipment includes a reaction chamber, a waveform generator, and a controller. The reaction chamber includes a pipe having a first electrode and a second electrode. The first and second electrodes are coupled to a waveform generator. The reaction chamber includes a water inlet, and a water outlet. The waveform generator is coupled to the first and second electrodes. The waveform generator is configured to generate an electrical current with a frequency that is substantially equal to the electrical resonance of the pipe of the reaction chamber. The controller is configured to control the waveform generator, wherein the reaction chamber is configured to enable a flow of ozone and water to be treated through the pipe.

Abstract: A hydrodynamic cavitation unit for a hydrodynamic cavitation device is provided. The hydrodynamic cavitation device is configured for fluid communication with an inlet conduit and an outlet conduit. The hydrodynamic cavitation unit includes a body; and a plurality of lumens through the body. Each of the lumens is configured for fluid communication from the inlet conduit, through the body, and to the outlet conduit. A ratio of a total cross-sectional area of the lumens to a cross-sectional area of the inlet conduit is about 1:1. A ratio of a cross-sectional area of the hydrodynamic cavitation unit to the cross-sectional area of the inlet conduit is about 2:1. Each of the lumens may have a frustoconical or Venturi shape. Related apparatuses, systems, techniques, and articles are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a multifunction shower head including a ceramic member containing precious serpentine. The ceramic member containing precious serpentine and quartz porphyry is disposed inside the shower head to generate far infrared (FIR) radiation beneficial to the skin. Precious serpentine has antibacterial and deodorizing effects to providing an effect of purifying supply water. Permanent magnets of the multi-ionizer generate ionized water, and a channel of the multi-ionizer has a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape, such that flowing water is exposed to a magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets for a longer period of time. The multi-ionizer radiates negative ions beneficial to the human body.

Abstract: A system and method for treating flowing water systems with a plasma discharge to remove or control growth of microbiological species. The system and method protect other components of the water system from being damaged by excess energy from the electrohydraulic treatment. The system and method also recycle ozone gas generated by a high voltage generator that powers the plasma discharge to further treat the water. A gas infusion system upstream of or inside a plasma reaction chamber may be used to create fine bubbles of ozone, air, or other gases in the water being treated to aid in plasma generation.

Abstract: A device and method are described for the treatment of blood, which device may be used in conjunction with or in place of a failed Kidney. The device includes an ultrafiltration unit to remove proteins, red and white blood cells and other high molecular weight components, a nanofiltration unit to remove glucose, at least one electrodeionization unit to transport ions from the blood stream, and a reverse osmosis unit to modulate the flow of water, to both the blood and urine streams. In one embodiment, a specialized electrodeionization unit is provided having multiple chambers defining multiple dilute fluid channels, each channel filled with an ion specific resin wafer, and electrodes at the extremity of the device and proximate each of the resin filled dilute channels. By selective application of voltages to these electrodes, the ion transport functionality of a given dilute channel can be turned on or off.

Abstract: According to various aspects and embodiments, a system and method for treating groundwater contaminated with an organic contaminant is provided. According to some embodiments, the contaminated groundwater is treated by introducing a persulfate to produce a first treated aqueous solution, exposing the first treated aqueous solution to ultraviolet light to produce a second treated aqueous solution and one or more gases, and removing the one or more gases generated from exposing the first treated aqueous solution to the ultraviolet light.

Abstract: A liquid processing apparatus includes a processing tank, a liquid introduction port, a discharge portion, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a power supply. The liquid introduction port is disposed on a first end side of the processing tank, causes a liquid to swirl in the processing tank by introducing the liquid into the processing tank in a tangential direction of the processing tank, and generates a gas phase in a swirling flow of the liquid. The first electrode has a rod shape and is disposed at the first end on a central axis of the processing tank. The second electrode is disposed so as to be exposed to the discharge portion of the processing tank. A voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode to generate plasma in the gas phase.

Abstract: A UV reactor irradiates a flow of fluid with UV radiation. The reactor comprises: a fluid conduit defined by a heat conducting conduit body comprising one or more heat conducting walls for permitting a flow of fluid therethrough; a UV-LED operatively connected to a PCB and oriented for directing radiation into the fluid conduit. The PCB comprises a heat conducting substrate having a first surface. The conduit body is in thermal contact with the first surface of the heat conducting substrate. Heat is dissipated from the UV-LED via the heat conducting substrate, the thermal contact between the first surface of the heat conducting substrate and the heat conducting conduit body, and from the one or more heat conducting walls of the heat conducting conduit body to the fluid flowing through the fluid conduit.

Abstract: An aqueous modified acid composition for industrial activities, said composition comprising: an alkanolamine and strong acid in a molar ratio of not less than 1:15, preferably not less than 1:10; it can also further comprise a metal iodide or iodate. Said composition demonstrates advantages over known conventional acids and modified acids.

Abstract: Devices for separating a host fluid from a second fluid or particulate are disclosed. The devices include an acoustic chamber, a fluid outlet at a top end of the acoustic chamber, a concentrate outlet at a bottom end of the acoustic chamber, and an inlet on a first side end of the acoustic chamber. An ultrasonic transducer and reflector create a multi-dimensional acoustic standing wave in the acoustic chamber that traps and separates particulates (e.g. cells) from a host fluid. The host fluid is collected via the fluid outlet, and the particulates are collected via the concentrate outlet. The device is a large-scale device that is able to process liters/hour, and has a large interior volume.

Abstract: A system for generating a plasma discharge in liquid utilizes first and second electrodes spaced apart in an interior space of a vessel holding the liquid. A channel can be defined in certain embodiments at least partially by at least one of the first and second electrodes, and an inlet in fluid communication with the interior space is configured to generate a vortical fluid flow in the vessel. A method for generating a plasma discharge in liquid is also provided.