Abstract: A water treatment apparatus includes: a treatment tank, having therein a grounded electrode and a high-voltage electrode opposing the grounded electrode, for generating electric discharge between both the electrodes, and causing to-be-treated water to pass between the electrodes and contact with the electric discharge to perform water treatment, an ozone mixing portion for supplying ozone-containing gas in the treatment tank through a gas sending portion to the to-be-treated water supplied from outside, and a gas returning portion for sending gas in the ozone mixing portion to the treatment tank, are provided, and water treatment is performed by ozone in the ozone mixing portion, and water treatment is thereafter performed by the electric discharge in the treatment tank.

Abstract: A hydrodynamic cavitation unit for a hydrodynamic cavitation device is provided. The hydrodynamic cavitation device is configured for fluid communication with an inlet conduit and an outlet conduit and may include an expansion chamber downstream of the inlet conduit. The hydrodynamic cavitation unit includes a body; and a plurality of lumens through the body. Each of the lumens is configured for fluid communication from the inlet conduit, through the body, and to the outlet conduit. A ratio of a total cross-sectional area of the lumens to a cross-sectional area of the inlet conduit is about 1:1 in at least a first point in the body, less than 1:1 in at least a second point in the body, and greater than 1:1 in at least a third point in the body. The hydrodynamic cavitation unit may include a cap or a vortex unit including the cap. The vortex unit may extend into the expansion chamber. The at least one lumen may include a constriction relative to the inlet conduit.

Abstract: Production of decontaminated water from contaminated water using a vessel, an inlet to the vessel wherein the contaminated water is introduced into the vessel, an outlet to the vessel wherein the decontaminated water is removed from the vessel, a plasmonic-photocatalyst membrane connected to the vessel, plasmonic nanoparticles or nanostructures connected to the plasmonic-photocatalyst membrane, and a source of ultraviolet light that directs ultraviolet light onto the vessel, the plasmonic-photocatalyst membrane, the plasmonic nanoparticles or nanostructures, and the contaminated water to produce the decontaminated water from the contaminated water.

Abstract: A heterojunction composite material consisting of one-dimensional In2O3 hollow nanotube and two-dimensional ZnFe2O4 nanosheets and its application are disclosed. When using this material for catalytic reactions, the hollow cavity and two-dimensional nanosheets of hollow nanomaterials can not only reduce the migration distance to accelerate the electron-hole separation, but also provide a large surface area and rich active sites to promote pollution adsorption and surface catalysis. At the same time, multiple light scattering or reflection in the hollow cavity of the hollow nanomaterials can increase light absorption and utilization. In addition, the heterojunction photocatalyst constructed by growing two-dimensional semiconductor nanosheets on a tubular substrate can promote the effective separation of photogenerated electrons and photogenerated holes, thereby improving the catalytic efficiency.

Abstract: Embodiments generally relate to systems and methods for separating an emulsion in a cavity of a device such as a liquid lens device. In one embodiment, the method comprises at least one of: applying a bias voltage to electrodes in the device, causing at least one of droplet migration, flattening of large droplets, and reduced droplet surface tension; applying an oscillating actuation voltage waveform comprising an actuation frequency to the electrodes, such that fluid pumping and turbulence is created within the device cavity; and applying an oscillating excitation voltage waveform comprising an excitation frequency to the electrodes, such that the varying electric field created by the oscillating voltage causes small droplets of the first liquid to coalesce.

Abstract: A drilling mud remediation and drilling cutting treatment device and method. There are three main components: a vacuum liquid solid separator; a pelletizer; and an induction furnace. The liquid solid separator has a seamless filter belt configured to carry a mixture of liquids and solids over a vacuum. A slurry comprised of drilling mud and cuttings is deposited on the filter belt. An applicator ensures that the slurry is deposited evenly across the entire filter belt at a uniform thickness. The vacuum removes most of the liquids for further treatment and reuse. The solids are transferred to a pelletizer which compacts them into relatively uniform pellets while removing much residual liquid. The pelletized cuttings are then passed through an induction furnace, which removes any residual liquids, renderings the cuttings safe for disposal.

Abstract: A method for treating tailings includes the step of S1: mixing the tailings to be treated with a neutral active aqueous solution and then drying the tailings, wherein the neutral active aqueous solution is prepared from water via an electrocatalytic water device, and the circulation time of the water in the electrocatalytic water device is 5-60 min, and the mass ratio of the tailings to the neutral active aqueous solution is 1:1-10:1.

Abstract: Band-pass filters for guiding or controlling crystal polymorphism in water are provided. Band-pass filters convert a passive energy source to a spectral energy pattern tuned to resonant with different types of molecular oscillations pertinent to water. Tuned energy patterns convert problematic insoluble crystals to more thermodynamically stable and soluble crystals. Methods include use of the band-pass filter in water and design of band-pass filter parameters for optimal use on a particular water source.

Abstract: The present invention provides a magnetic Fe2O3 nanosphere with PNH surface modification and application thereof in water treatment. First, 2,2-bipyridyl-5,5?-dicarboxylic acid is reacted with thionyl chloride to obtain 2,2-bipyridyl-5,5?-diacid chloride; then 2,2-bipyridyl-5,5?-diacid chloride and 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane react in the presence of triethylamine to obtain a polynitrogen heterocyclic polymer; the polynitrogen heterocyclic polymer is added into an aqueous solution with iron salt to obtain a magnetic Fe2O3 nanosphere with PNH surface modification which has strong light absorption ability, which improves its ability to catalyze in degradation of tetracycline under visible light, so that the pollutants are removed from water.

Abstract: The inventive device efficiently cools, with a simple construction, heat generated from an ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED). The UV-LED is accommodated in a housing that has an open end and an ultraviolet-transparent closing end. A portion of the housing adjacent to the closing end contacts to-be-treated liquid, ultraviolet rays generated from the UV-LED are irradiated to the to-be-treated liquid, and the housing is cooled by the to-be-treated liquid. In this way, the heat generated from the UV-LED can be cooled with a simple construction without use of arrangements for introducing dedicated cooling fluid for cooling the UV-LED. A heat discharge block for discharging to the outside the heat generated from the UV-LED may be provided at or adjacent to the open end of the housing. Further, the present invention may be constructed in such a manner that a portion of the discharge section directly contacts the to-be-treated liquid.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing water having a high concentration of dissolved ozone is characterized by being configured by connecting: a filtering device; a water tank connected to the filtering device; a pump connected to the water tank; a Venturi tube connected to the pump; a first gas dissolving pressure device connected to the Venturi tube; and a second gas dissolving pressure device connected to the first gas dissolving pressure device.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation of bismuth oxyhalide, comprising a precipitation of bismuth oxyhalide in an acidic aqueous medium in the presence of a reducing agent. Also provided are bismuth oxyhalide compounds doped with elemental bismuth Bi(0). The use of Bi(0)doped-bismuth oxyhalide as photocatalysts in water purification is also described.

Abstract: A fluid sterilizing device includes a first reaction chamber, a second reaction chamber, a communication chamber and a light source. The first reaction chamber is connected to a fluid inlet. The second reaction chamber is connected to a fluid outlet. The communication chamber is connected the first reaction chamber with the second reaction chamber. The light source is configured to emit sterilization light to enter the first reaction chamber and the second reaction chamber. The fluid inlet allows a fluid to enter the first reaction chamber, the communication chamber allows the fluid to pass through and enter the second reaction chamber, and a flow velocity distribution of the fluid in the second reaction chamber is different from that of the fluid in the first reaction chamber.

Abstract: A method and device for maintaining a body of water in a sanitized condition wherein the body of water is free from a source of bicidal metal ions and free from bromide or bromine compounds that can sanitize the body of water, the method including that steps of maintaining a chlorine level in the body of water at a level of between 1 ppm and 1.0 ppm; introducing a non-chlorine based oxidizing agent into the body of water wherein the chlorine level in combination with the oxidizing agent is selected so as to be insufficient to sanitize the body of water, and introducing a compound having a hydantoin ring therein into the body of water whereby the combination of the chlorine and the oxidizing agent sanitize the body of water without the presence of a source of biocidal metal ions to supplement the chlorine.

Abstract: A wash water processing method and a wash water processing apparatus in a simple structure capable of effectively decomposing organic matters and killing bacteria contained in wash water, extending the life of a filter of a filtration apparatus and an ion-exchange resin and, furthermore, extending a bacteria-killing/washing interval of a washing processing part. In the wash water processing apparatus (11) and the washing method, a wash water accommodation part (12) into which processed water processed in a washing processing part (10) flows and a filtration mechanism part (14) are connected and the wash water accommodation part has connected in a circulatable manner thereto an inflow flow path and an outflow flow path of a sterilization and purification unit which organically couples respective functions of an ozone supply part which supplies ozone, an ultraviolet irradiation part which irradiates with ultraviolet rays, and a photocatalysis part which causes a photocatalyst to act.

Abstract: Disclosed are various combinations of three different metal-oxide photocatalysts with three different bandgaps that can be used to harvest multiple wavelengths of incident solar radiation and to thus efficiently degrade recalcitrant contaminants. The photocatalysts are from the class of transition metal oxides and are non-toxic compounds based on earth-abundant materials. In some embodiments, particles of the photocatalysts are formed to be greater in diameter than about 0.1 ?m in order to make them easier to filter out after treating the contaminant. In some embodiments, the metal-oxide photocatalysts are zinc oxide which is ultraviolet active, hematite which is active in the visible spectrum, and copper oxide which is active in the near infrared spectrum. Various combinations in various embodiments achieve measured contaminant degradation rates greater than the sum of the degradation rates of the individual photocatalysts that make up the combination.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for treating and regenerating a spent caustic solution at ambient temperatures and pressure which includes oxidizing spent caustic wastewater with a brine solution and ozone mixture, supported by irradiation of the spent caustic wastewater by ultrasound. A range of wastewater treatment techniques may also be included to reach a desired effluent quality level.

Abstract: A reacting canister utilizing transparent optical fiber technology coated with a photo-catalyst and a plasmonic layer, including yttrium aluminum garnet nanoparticles, disposed between the optical fiber and the photo-catalyst to degrade off-flavor compounds in aquacultured aquatic life. The degradation of off-flavored compounds—including 2-methylisoborneol—can be significantly enhanced by increasing the surface area of the catalyst. Coating individual transparent optical fibers and aligning those fibers in a canister configuration allows the treatment of large volumes of water in portable and scalable reactors. Once the fluid is treated, the fluid is returned to the reservoir containing the aquacultured aquatic life.

Abstract: A water treatment device includes, between at least two flat sheet-shaped grounded electrodes vertically disposed so as to be parallel to each other, a sheet-shaped high-voltage electrode having two edges opposing the respective grounded electrodes. The sheet-shaped high-voltage electrode is supported by a plurality of support members, and thus deformation of the high-voltage electrode in an up/down direction and a horizontal direction is suppressed, and the distance between each edge of the high-voltage electrode and the corresponding grounded electrode, i.e., an electric discharge gap length, can be kept even. Accordingly, uniform electric discharge can be maintained between the high-voltage electrode and the grounded electrode, whereby highly efficient water treatment can be realized.

Abstract: A system for generating a plasma discharge in liquid utilizes first and second electrodes spaced apart in an interior space of a vessel holding the liquid. A channel can be defined in certain embodiments at least partially by at least one of the first and second electrodes, and an inlet in fluid communication with the interior space is configured to generate a vortical fluid flow in the vessel. A method for generating a plasma discharge in liquid is also provided.