Abstract: Ethylene dichloride having a reduced chloral content is prepared by vapor phase oxychlorination of ethylene in the presence of a catalyst comprising aluminum halide and copper halide carried on a particulate support.

Abstract: Sulfur-containing impurities are removed from a refined hydrocarbon feed by contact thereof with a porous sulfur-reactive agent having a pore volume of at least 0.15 cc per cc of which at least 5% is in pores having a diameter in the range 0.1 to 15 microns. The agent contains at least one sulfur-reactive material from the group copper, iron, zinc and compounds thereof.

Abstract: A novel particulate material for promoting combustion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide in the regeneration zone of a cyclic fluid cracking process without substantially affecting the ability of separate fluid cracking catalyst particles containing an active crystalline zeolitic aluminosilicate component to catalyze the hydrocarbon conversion reaction in the conversion zone. The novel promoter particles comprise coherent, catalytically inert microspheres of calcined kaolin clay having a SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio of about 2/1, a surface area (B.E.T.) in the range of about 10 to 15 m.sup.2 /g., a pore volume (as determined by nitrogen absorption) in the range of about 0.02 to 0.04 cc./gm., the calcined microspheres being impregnated with a trace amount of a platinum compound and being free from a component capable of cracking hydrocarbons in the absence of added hydrogen.

Abstract: A unique class of copper zeolite combustion catalysts which are both highly siliceous and contain an extraordinary amount of zeolitic divalent copper cations which are prepared by ion exchanging the predominantly alkali metal cation form of ZSM-5 type zeolites with divalent copper cations and subjecting the resulting compositions to rigorous oxidation.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the spontaneous combustion of coal char which comprises treating coal char with air following by carbon dioxide to deactivate the surface of the coal char to oxygen.

Abstract: An improved process for catalytically oxidizing alpha-beta unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes in the vapor phase with molecular oxygen to produce alpha-beta unsaturated carboxylic acids using a catalyst composition which has been thermally activated in the presence of ammonia, and which comprises the elements Mo, V, W, Cr and Cu.

Abstract: Coal may be effectively comminuted and the ash and sulfur content thereof reduced by contacting the coal with a hydrogen halide such as HF.

Abstract: Method for forming coal briquettes from coal particles in the size range of 1/4 to 3/4 inch and containing fines in the range of 20-40% by volume. The coal particles and fines are mixed with sodium silicate and/or potassium silicate as a binder and are compacted into briquettes at a pressure of 100-200 psi, and particularly 140 psi. The resulting briquettes, which are particularly adapted for use as a fuel in home fireplaces, will burn without producing excessive smoke which normally results from burning coal. At the same time, the silicate acts to bond the ash produced during burning such that the burned briquette will maintain its integrity even after it has fully burned and may be removed from a fireplace grate in one piece rather than as loose ash. The briquettes are approximately the size of a wood log in order that they may be conveniently deposited in a fireplace grate.

Abstract: An artificial fireplace log containing a metallic perchlorate provides a colored flame shortly after ignition of the log. In a preferred embodiment the metallic perchlorate is of a certain particle size which provides, in addition to the colored flame, a very pleasing crackling sound similar to that of a wood burning fire, using a log of fibrous cellulosic particles and a flammable material.

Abstract: The sulfur content of coal can be significantly reduced by leaching the coal with an aqueous solution of sodium sulfite.

Abstract: A combustible carbonaceous briquette, having a high bond strength and good burning characteristics is formed by adding to the carbonaceous material a composition containing from about 80% to 99.9%, by weight, of sodium bentonite, from about 0.1% to 5%, by weight, of a water soluble acid polymer (i.e. having a carboxylic acid, salt thereof or anhydride thereof) and preferably from about 0.1% to 5%, by weight, of a water soluble dispersing agent. A combustible carbonaceous briquette formed from about 90% to 99% of carbonaceous material and a binding effective amount of the binding agent composition to form a briquette which has high strength, will not easily crumble or disintegrate and has good burning characteristics.

Abstract: The pyritic sulfur content of coal can be significantly reduced by contacting the coal with an aqueous solution of a salt which increases the dielectric constant of the solution.

Abstract: A novel catalyst composition is disclosed which comprises a catalytically-active metal oxide component containing the oxides of cobalt, molybdenum, bismuth, and iron corresponding to the empirical formula:Co.sub.a Mo.sub.12 Fe.sub.b Bi.sub.c O.sub.xwherein:A is a value of between about 8 and about 10,B is a value of between about 0.5 and about 2,C is a value of between about 0.5 and about 2,And x equals the sum of 1.5c+1.5b+a+36 and including a crystalline phase having the empirical formula Bi.sub.2 Mo.sub.2 Fe.sub.2 O.sub.12.The catalyst composition is prepared by subjecting a conventionally prepared precursor composition to a two-step calcination, comprising two calcining procedures at a temperature of 450.degree.-500.degree. C. and an intermediate cooling to ambient temperature. The novel catalysts exhibit a high activity and selectivity in a process for preparing .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehydes by oxidizing olefins.

Abstract: A rapidly ignitable and even burning charcoal briquette having a coating formed thereon comprised of a flammable alcohol and a wicking material bound to the surface of the briquette by a layer of gel-like material. The invention also comprises a method for forming said ignitable coating.

Abstract: Briquettes obtained from semicoke and a binder such as pitch, can be hardened when stacked to relatively great height of 5 to 10 meters, provided the "green" briquettes are heated in a vertical oven at a temperature between 300.degree. C. and 400.degree. C. for 35 to 50 minutes in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen.

Abstract: Formed fuel briquettes of high green strength, high shatter and good compressive strength in the cured state from a composition comprising coke breeze, an aqueous solution comprising ammonium polyphosphate and magnesia. The product can be easily formed by mixing all components at room temperature, introducing the same into a mold and thereafter permitting the same to set. Setting is very rapid, and the product can be handled within minutes after molding.The product finds particular use as a replacement in whole or in part for coke in a steel-making process; it has the excellent advantages that the carbon content thereof is extremely high, which can approximate that of high-grade coke, and introduces no harmful impurities into steel during steel making.

Abstract: In accordance with this invention there is provided a method of and apparatus for producing a combustible product from waste materials of which part of the fuel consists of pulverized combustible solid waste material, this part of the fuel being at least coated with combustible liquid waste.

Abstract: An absorbent for water purification consisting of organic polymers and inorganic absorbing matter having a large surface is obtained by epitactically linking with each other the two components. The absorbent has good absorbing properties with respect to different classes of substances.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preparation of rare earth exchanged X type faujasite zeolites in which the Na content is reduced by exchange with rare earth cations to introduce in excess of about 0.9 equivalents of rare earth cations per gram atom of aluminum and catalysts employing the same.

Abstract: Inorganic and organic sulfur are removed from coal by contacting the coal with gun blueing solution, namely an aqueous solution of sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite and sodium hydroxide.