Abstract: The present invention relates to electrophoresis. More particularly, the present invention relates to utilization of electrophoresis with controlled cooling. Still more particularly, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for separating chemical components in a solution in both a batch and a continuous mode.

Abstract: A multiple electrophoresis method and device are disclosed for the controlled migration of macromolecules in gel plates stacked in a direction perpendicular to their plane, at least one series of electrodes (20) disposed at the intersections of two series of perpendicular planes, some perpendicular to the plates (12) and to the desired direction of migration of the macromolecules, the others perpendicular to the first and parallel to the plates (12), the electrodes being connected together selectively and controlled so as to provide both separation of the macromolecules in the plate (12) then transfer thereof to the membranes (22) associated with the plates (12).

Abstract: With respect to a gel which is mounted on a gel electrophoresis apparatus, a calibration process is provided before starting of measurement to obtain calibration data for bringing a portion of the gel irradiated with excitation light onto the optical axis of a light receiving optical system for each scanning point, to perform measurement while controlling relative positional relation between the optical path of the excitation light and the optical axis of the light receiving optical system through the calibration data. Displacement, which may be inevitably caused between the optical axis of the light receiving optical system and the position irradiated with the excitation light by errors in working, assembling and adjustment, is basically eliminated, and sensitiveness irregularity is also removed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving signal to noise in an electropherogram acquired by electrophoresis. The migration time is remapped by binning the data with respect to migration time to improve signal to noise and peak resolution. The data points of the electropherogram are pooled into variable size bins, each corresponding to a number of time intervals. The sizes of the bins increase with migration time. To further improve signal to noise and peak resolution, the binned data is filtered by Fourier transformation. The present invention allows for accurate determinatiion of DNA sequences.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for identifying band positions in an electrophoretic separation. A control is electrophoresed with the sample and serves as an internal control.

Abstract: An improved electroinjection method of introducing a sample having positive and negative ions into a capillary column for CE or CZE process by introducing a short plug of a low concentration buffer before introducing the sample into the column which results in increasing amount of charged ions of the sample introduced in the capillary column due to increasing the electric field at the injection point. A method for efficiently introducing both positive and negative ions is also shown.

Abstract: A electrophoretic system in which nonconductive members are strategically positioned in the electrolyte tank to selectively affect the electric field of electrodes so as to obtain a desired electric field for efficient separation. The size, shape and location of the nonconductive members are selected using a electric potential analysis.

Abstract: Gels are formed in capillary tubes by electrophoretically drawing a charged polymerization initiator into a capillary tube pre-filled with monomer, crosslinking agent and catalyst. The rate of travel of the initiator is slow enough to maintain a sharp leading edge or front, thereby causing polymerization to occur in a progressive manner from one end of the capillary to the other. The shrinkage inherent in the polymerization reaction is thus compensated by fluid movement ahead of the traveling initiator front, and discontinuities in the gel which would otherwise be formed are avoided.

Abstract: Polydispersed, double-stranded and single-stranded polynucleotides are characterized according to their molecular size distribution. The polynucleotides are electrophoresed, stained, imaged and the image scanned and converted to pixel-by-pixel representations of the image density and size. The number and weight average molecular size are calculated along with the Z average molecular size.

Abstract: Surfaces of silica-containing materials, such as the inner walls of silica capillaries, used in chromatographic, particularly electrophoretic, separations are coated with an organic polymer layer to reduce or eliminate surface charges. The layer is applied by first converting the silanol groups on the surface to silicon halide groups, then reacting these groups with an organometallic reagent having a terminal ethenyl moiety, preferably vinyl or allyl lithium or a vinyl or allyl magnesium halide, to convert the silicon halide groups to Si--R groups where the R retains the terminal ethenyl moiety, and finally reacting these ethenyl groups newly attached to the surface with a neutral organic monomer in an addition polymerization reaction to form a monomolecular noncrosslinked polymer layer over the surface. The resulting polymer layer is linked to the silica directly through a Si--C bond which is stable over a wide range of pH conditions.

Abstract: A process for depositing a silver coating onto a superconductor involves placing the superconductor into an alcohol solution, preferably octanol, which contains silver particles. Each silver particle is coated with a layer of oleic acid. An electrode, preferably made of silver, is also disposed in the anhydrous solution. A direct current voltage is then established on the electrode, which causes the silver particles to plate onto the superconductor. After electrophoresis, the now-plated superconductor is heated to nine hundred degrees centigrade (900.degree. C.) for approximately one (1) minute.

Abstract: A self-supporting receptacle, especially for use as an electrolysis cell, has its walls composed of glass fiber reinforced synthetic resin in a double-shell construction with the shells held apart by spacers.

Abstract: An electrophoresis pattern reading system of fluorescent type is comprised of a detachable migration unit comprising a gel functioning as a base for electrophoresis and a gel-supporting body for supporting the gel; an electrophoresis unit, to which the migration unit is mounted, for performing electrophoresis by applying migrating voltage to the gel to which a sample labeled with a fluorescent substance is added; and a reading unit including an instrumentation subunit for reading an electrophoresis pattern, to which the migration unit is mounted after electrophoresis and which receives fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent substance of the sample on the gel upon application of light to the gel.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for forming an electrophoretic gel having a polymer. The apparatus has at least two sealed compartments, with separate inner volumes. The inner volumes are separated from each other by at least one burstable seal. In one inner volume is a monomer which can be polymerized to form the polymer. In other inner volume is a catalyst. Bursting of the burstable seal allows the monomer and catalyst to contact each other and, in conjuction with any other necessary components held within the apparatus, to form a liquid medium in the apparatus which will then form the electrophoretic gel under suitable conditions.

Abstract: Spontaneous and undesired electroendosmosis in a capillary during an electrophoretic separation procedure is suppressed by the inclusion of a viscosity-raising additive in one or both of the electrode chamber solutions. The additive is either a viscous water-soluble polymer, a hydrophilic gel, or a combination of the two.

Abstract: A method of electrowinning a metal by electrolysis of a melt containing a dissolved species of the metal to be won using a non-consumable anode having a metal, alloy or cermet substrate and an operative anode surface which is a protective surface coating of cerium oxyfluoride preserved by maintaining in the melt a suitable concentration of cerium, is characterized by using an anode provided with an electronically conductive oxygen barrier on the surface of the metal, alloy or cermet substrate. The barrier layer may be a chromium oxide film on a chromium-containing alloy substrate. Preferably the barrier layer carries a ceramic oxide layer, e.g. of stabilized copper oxide which acts as anchorage for the cerium oxyfluoride.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a catalytic composition for the polymerization of olefins. At least partial electrochemical oxidation of aluminum in a solvent of .alpha.,.omega.-dihalogeno-alkane and simultaneously the electrochemical reduction of a compound of titanium (IV) occur in process.The catalytic composition comprises at least one titanium compound, at least one halogenated organo-aluminum compound and at least one inorganic magnesium compound in suspension in at least one .alpha.,.omega.-dihalogeno-alkane. The titanium compound is essentially a titanium (III) compound. The overall content of titanium (II) and titanium (IV) is less than or equal to 15% of the total titanium content.

Abstract: An electrophoresis film support particularly useful for the electrophoretic separation of serum proteins. According to one aspect, the electrophoresis film support comprises a microporous polymer membrane sheet containing therein an additive which is selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropyl cellulose, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate and mixtures thereof. According to another aspect the electrophoresis film support comprises a microporous membrane sheet made of a polymer material containing therein an additive which is selected from the group consisting of higher fatty acids having 10 to 27 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof, the additive being contained in an amount, based on the weight of the polymer material, ranging from 10 ppm to 3,000 ppm or the maximum solubility limit of the higher fatty acids in the polymer material.

Abstract: A method of electrophoretically separating bioorganic molecules is disclosed. The method uses a slab electrophoresis gel and positively or neutrally charged dyes to prevent the dyes from interfering with the gel readout.

Abstract: A method of preparing a microcapillary gel separation column for electrophoresis comprises: pretreatment of a tube with a bifunctional reagent to provide polymer bonding sites on the inner wall of the tube; filling the tube with a monomer solution a crosslinking agent, and a photoinitiator; forming a polymer plug by illuminating an initiation section of the tube; growing the plug by moving the tube gradually past the illumination source; and stopping tube motion when the desired length of gel is attained. Provision is made for monitoring polymerization and adjusting tube movement speed to avoid gaps in the growing polymer.