Abstract: A sensor assembly for use in a toilet room for detecting the adjacent presence of the user of a toilet room device has a body with a hollow threaded mounting shank extending outwardly therefrom. The body has a platform and there is an upwardly extending wall on the platform which defines a chamber. An infrared transmitter and an adjacent infrared receiver are positioned within the chamber on a P.C. board. There is an electrical cable attached to the mounting board and which extends through the threaded shank. A shroud extends about the transmitter and receiver and has a pair of adjacent openings in alignment with the transmitter and receiver. The wall has an infrared transparent window in alignment with the transmitter and receiver openings in the shroud. A cap extends over the wall, chamber and window and is seated upon the platform.

Abstract: A radiation detector comprises a plurality of solid-state photo detecting devices arrayed in a one-dimensional direction or in two-dimensional directions. The solid-state photo detecting devices detect radiation carrying image information, convert the radiation into an analog image signal, which represents the image information as a whole, and feed out the analog image signal. A logarithmic converter is located for each group of a predetermined number of the solid-state photo detecting devices. The logarithmic converter associated with each group logarithmically converts a group of image signal components of the analog image signal, which are fed out of the group of the predetermined number of the solid-state photo detecting devices, and feeds out the group of the image signal components of the logarithmically converted analog image signal.

Abstract: This is a new hybrid integrated circuit. The device may be an uncooled infrared detector, with the detector comprising: uncooled infrared elements on a first substrate; internal IC structures on a second substrate to be connected to the uncooled infrared elements: IC interlevel insulation on top of the internal IC structures: IC top level metal connections on top of the IC interlevel insulation: a protective overcoat over the IC top level metal and the IC interlevel insulation; a dry etch protective layer over the protective overcoat; thermal isolation mesas on the protective layer; and local interconnects over the thermal isolation mesas and the substrate, wherein the uncooled infrared detectors are connected to the internal IC structures through the local interconnects. In addition, the protective layer may include a photosensitive polyimide, a plasma deposited silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2), a colloidal SiO.sub.2, a PMMA or a PIRL.

Abstract: The position calculation system has position and energy calculators for each scintillation event. After correcting the position and energy values using tables, non-uniform random distribution variance values are added to the position and energy values with the variance added being a product of the random number and a constant precalibrated for the given position. The variance injected position and energy values have a more uniform resolution and substantially remove artifact characteristics in the scintillation camera's image.

Abstract: An in-situe chemical gas or fluid analyzer for vehicles, industrial, environmental and process control applications. As applied to a vehicle (1) having an internal combustion engine, the analyzer includes: (i) a source of electromagnetic radiation (14, 16); and (ii) a sampling cell (12) which collects emission gases of interest and which is capable of withstanding hostile environments while preserving a "clear" optical path between the sensor sampling cell and the source of radiation. The analyzer further includes: (iii) a solid state sensor (24, 26, 28, 30, 32 ) of monolithic construction which selectively detects electromagnetic radiation that is absorbed or emitted by one or more chemical species of interest, that compensates for temporal and spatial variations in illumination level provided by the source, and that provides an electrical signal output, in either analog or digital format, that is related to the measured concentrations.

Abstract: This technique for detecting underground contamination by organic fluids employs a plurality of spaced-apart boreholes adjacent a region to be tested for contamination. A neutron backscatter gauge is introduced into each of the boreholes for measuring the concentration of hydrogen in the soil surrounding the borehole. Such measurements are made at a plurality of spaced elevations along such a borehole and the distribution of hydrogen concentration as a function of elevation is compared with the expected distribution of hydrogen from underground sources of hydrogen, for distinguishing organic fluid contamination from other sources of hydrogen. For example, one can distinguish buried concrete or underground water from organic contamination. Measurements can also be made using chemical analysis methods. In another embodiment, the invention is used to profile and affect biodegradation. A plurality of spaced apart boreholes are provided in the buried material (for example, dump site).

Abstract: A luminous efficiency is estimated by obtaining a life time a of few carriers controlling the luminous efficiency. An estimation method inadiates pulsed laser light for exciting carriers in a light emitting layer by a co-focal point optical system, at a specified position of the light emitting layer of a light emitting element formed on a surface of a wafer. A life time is obtained by detecting the fluorescent light emitted from the specified position in the light emitting layer corresponding to an irradiation of the pulsed laser light and by observing a change of the fluorescent light with lapse of a time. A luminous efficiency is estimated at the specified position in the light emitting layer from the life time on the basis of a correlation of a life time and a luminous efficiency previously obtained, thereby enabling an estimation of the light emitting element at a wafer stage without destroying the wafer and without contact therewith.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting the area and concentration of radioactive contamination on surfaces, objects and personnel is disclosed. The apparatus is capable of automatic adjustment without intervention by an operator, providing for self-calibration and avoiding the need for periodic calibration, source checking and maintenance by personnel. The apparatus is comprised of one or more position sensitive proportional counters coupled together to act as a single counter. A computer based acquisition system is used to collect the time, energy and position of an ionization event that is caused by the contamination. Collimated radiation sources are located inside of each position sensitive proportional counter. These sources act as stable artifacts in the position and energy spectra that the device acquires as a function of time.

Abstract: An infrared detector array includes a plurality of detector pixel structures, each of which comprises a plurality of elongate quantum well infrared radiation absorbing photoconductor (QWIP) elements. The group of QWIP elements are spaced such that they comprise a diffraction grating for the received infrared radiation. Top and bottom longitudinal contacts are provided on opposite surfaces of the QWIP elongate elements to provide current flow transverse to the axis of the element to provide the required bias voltage. An infrared radiation reflector is provided to form an optical cavity for receiving infrared radiation. A plurality of detector pixel structures are combined to form a focal plane array. Each detector pixel structure produces a signal that is transmitted through a conductive bump to a terminal of a read out integrated circuit. The group of the signals from the detector pixel structures produces an image corresponding to the received infrared radiation.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are disclosed for controlling the amount of irradiation effectively emitted by a source of penetrating radiation in a system wherein radiation emitted by said source and attenuated by an object is stored in a photostimulable phosphor screen. An indication of the effectively emitted radiation amount is obtained by means of a difference of a specific signal value and a predetermined signal value.

Abstract: In order to examine an object with radiation and measure the intensity of radiation used to illuminate the object, radiation is directed onto a wavelength selective mirror (31). In a first position, the mirror (31) reflects the illuminating radiation to a beam splitter (30) which passes the radiation to a detector (34). In a second position the mirror (31) directs the radiation to an object (33), radiation of the selected wavelength emanating from the object being reflected by the mirror via beam splitter (30) to the detector (34). The mirror (31) is rotated between the first and second position. In order to classify a diamond as natural or synthetic, a first signal is derived dependent upon the intensity of ultra-violet radiation transmitted by the diamond at 254 nm, and a second signal is derived dependent upon the intensity of radiation transmitted by the diamond at 365 nm and the diamond is classified as being definitely natural if the first signal is substantially greater than the second signal.

Abstract: In a radiation image reading apparatus, a photostimulated phosphor member absorbs a portion of radiation energy transmitted through an object and stores the absorbed radiation energy as a latent image. An excitation light source irradiates excitation light on the photostimulated phosphor member which then emits photostimulated luminescence light which is received and converged by an image reading device, and the latter outputting, as image information, an electrical signal which is dependent on a light intensity of the photostimulated luminescence light. A source of erasing light, having a spectral distribution band positioned substantially in a visible light region and which is normally ON, includes a shutter which is selectively opened to irradiate the erasing light on the photostimulated phosphor during an erasure time and otherwise is closed.

Abstract: A simplified, cost effective optical apparatus for solid state photorecording of optical images with enhanced resolution. The optical apparatus of the invention includes an array of optical apertures and a plurality of portions of a phosphorescent material. Each portion is optically coupled to a respective one of the apertures. The apertures are exposed to an optical image so as to record the image in the plurality of portions of the phosphorescent material. A number of the apertures of the invention is large, preferably within a range of approximately one million to seven million apertures. For example in a preferred embodiment the number of the apertures is approximately six million apertures. Preferably, the optical apertures are microscopic optical apertures. For example, each aperture has a respective width dimension within a range of approximately ten to fifty microns. Preferably, the respective width dimension of each aperture is approximately twelve microns.

Abstract: A thermal image analysis system 1 includes a reference signal generating circuit 10 for generating two or more reference signals, an image synthesizing circuit 11 for combining an image outputted from an image output circuit 9 with the reference signals, a reference signal sensing circuit 13 for sensing the reference signals from an image signal inputted into an image input circuit 8, a numerical input circuit 12 for inputting temperature information corresponding to the reference signals and a compensation circuit 14 for compensating the image signal, based on the temperature information and reference signals. The reference signal generating circuit 10 generates reference signals of two or more levels. The reference signal sensing circuit 13 senses the reference signals from an image signal reproduced by an image recording/reproducing system 2.

Abstract: An electrophoresis analyzer includes a light detector for detecting images of a linear fluorescence emitting region, the linear fluorescence emitting region including a plurality of fluorescence emitting points disposed along a straight line, each of the fluorescence emitting points being a point at which samples emit light including a plurality of wavelengths, the light detector including a line sensor, the line sensor including a plurality of photopixels disposed along a straight line, the photopixels constituting a detection surface of the line sensor, an image forming unit for receiving the light emitted by the samples at the fluorescence emitting points and forming a plurality of images of each of the fluorescence emitting points on the detection surface of the line sensor at mutually different positions disposed at a predetermined interval along the straight line along which the photopixels are disposed, and a filter unit disposed between the linear fluorescence emitting region and the light detector fo

Abstract: To acquire measurement data elements during a tomography type experiment in nuclear medecine, with a gamma camera having two detector heads, each of these heads is oriented on a sighting center P while the set of two heads rotates about a center of rotation Ia of the apparatus, the center of rotation being offset from the sighting center. It is shown that this approach provides speedier operation for the acquisition and also contributes to the preparation of tomography images that are more precise and more easily computed.

Abstract: Methods and devices for evaluating solid-state surface properties use infrared absorption of lattice vibration. These methods and devices are characterized by reflection spectrometry by injecting infrared rays from the reverse of the solids, placing a light transmissible solid-state sample in ways that its surface faces the plane reflex mirror on the interaction region formed by reflected infrared rays, or by injecting infrared rays from the rear of a sample or from the front thereof after upright installation of the light transmissible solid-state sample through a slit created across the plane reflex mirror or on the surface of plane reflex mirror. These methods and devices enable simplified and accurate reflection spectrometry of solid-surface properties, featuring an economical system configuration that dispenses with expensive prism, unlike the conventional ATR method.

Abstract: A neutron gauge is described for determining the moisture content of a moisture containing material. Samples of the moisture containing material are confined in a sample pan and a sample cover with sufficient neutron moderating activity is pressed against the sample. The cover, sample, and sample pan are placed in the same location in the gauge with respect to the neutron source and detector for each measurement to compensate for volume variations in the sample. The sample can be weighed to compensate for density variations. The sample pan cover can include a cadmium sheet for direct contact with the sample to shield the sample from neutrons thermalized by the cover.

Abstract: The invention is a system for determining the epithermal neutron decay rate of an earth formation penetrated by a wellbore.

Abstract: An array of superconductive quantum detectors (SQD) with current biased SQUID flowing in one direction from fifty percent of the detectors and flowing in the opposite direction for the other fifty percent. The SQD in one embodiment has a serpentine pattern loop and minimal cross-sectional area to increase kinetic induction. A directly connected SQUID is within the loop of one embodiment and exterior of the loop in another embodiment. Methods of optimizing the signal of the array and different types of Josephson Junctions are also disclosed.