Abstract: The instant invention relates to a method to compensate for extraneous radiation caused by the effects of intermittent active radiation sources (not effects due to cosmic or terrestrial radiation) that can cause errors in radiation measured values. For the purposes of suppressing these extraneous radiation effects in radio-active measuring methods, the commencement and termination of the extraneous radiation and the attainment of a stable condition in the extraneous radiation are determined. The difference between the measured value (before commencement of the extraneous radiation) and the measured value (on attainment of the stable condition) is determined. The measured value is then reduced by the determined difference for the duration of the extraneous radiation.

Abstract: A method of determining the presence of contaminants in cotton fibers, including the steps of heating the cotton fibers, and analyzing infrared emanations from the heated cotton to determine areas within the cotton with non-cotton infrared signatures as indicative of contaminants in the cotton.

Abstract: A radiation image reading and erasing apparatus for deriving image signals in such a manner that an accelerated phosphorescence fluorescent material object, onto which radiation images are accumulated and stored, is scanned with an excitation light, and an accelerated phosphorescence fluorescent light, which is emitted from the accelerated phosphorescence fluorescent material object, is received. The apparatus is designed to obtain image data free of unwanted noises, and to occupy less space. The accelerated phosphorescence fluorescent material object is irradiated with a laser beam passing through a slit member to photomultipliers through reflection between sheets. The slit member may move with up-and-down motions. The sheets are taken-up or sent out by or from the associated take-up rollers, respectively, in accordance with the movement of slit member. The apparatus also has an erasing unit with a movable reflector to erase image information from the accelerated phosphorescence fluorescent material object.

Abstract: A radiation image storage panel having a phosphor layer comprising a stimulable phosphor and a binder, wherein the binder comprises a thermoplastic elastomer having a softening or melting point of 30.degree. to 150.degree. C. and a modulus of elasticity of not more than 0.3 kgf/mm.sup.2 is resistant to production of cracks in its repeated use in a radiation image recording and reproducing method.

Abstract: A pyrometer for measuring the electromagnetic radiation emitted by an object comprises a first detector to which the radiation is delivered through an optical system as well as a second detector to which the radiation emanating from a reference element is delivered through the same optical system. The temperature of the reference element is monitored and a rotary optical modulator periodically enables and disables the delivery of radiation to the detectors. The output signals from the two detectors are processed to determine the difference therebetween. The sensed temperature of the reference element is taken into account as a part of determining the difference between the two detector output signals. In this way it is possible for the characteristic radiation of the optical system largely to be suppressed. The optical modulator comprises a semi-circular disk having a polyethylene terephthalate substrate coated on each side with metal. The disk is rotated through 180.degree.

Abstract: An infrared sensor includes a substrate, an insulator layer formed on the substrate, and a heat-sensitive semiconductor layer having a temperature dependent electrical resistance with a relatively large temperature coefficient of resistance. In order to improve sensitivity of the heat-sensitive semiconductor layer for detecting infrared rays, high concentration impurity semiconductor regions are positioned on either side of the semiconductor layer to form a semiconductor section. The high concentration impurity semiconductor sections have a higher absorption coefficient of infrared rays than the semiconductor layer. Thus, the semiconductor section itself both detects and absorbs infrared rays with or without providing any heat-absorbing layer. Further, electrodes are connected to each high-concentration impurity layer, which form an ohmic contact therewith.

Abstract: An ultracompact complex optical device made up of a monolithic block of optical material with two opposite aspherical surfaces, the primary mirror being an aspherical annular specular concave surface and the secondary mirror being an aspherical convex or concave specular surface, circular in shape; the rays of light refract as they enter the optical material and are then reflected on the primary mirror made up of the generally convergent surface of optical material, and in the secondary mirror made up of the surface of the optical material in convergent or divergent form, once or several times, and lastly these are refracted as they leave the optical material. The device is used for application in the manufacturing of magnification lenses, eyepieces, microscopes, spyglasses, whether binoculars or telescopes, large telescopes, photographic cameras and also in any instrument or device in which non-visible radiation is used or developed.

Abstract: A detector plate for use in a radiation imaging system includes a first conductive layer, a dielectric layer, a photoconductive layer and a second conductive layer, arranged as a stack in that order. The first conductive layer and the dielectric layer are substantially transparent to radiation energy so as to allow the energy to pass therethrough to be received by the photoconductive layer. The first conductive layer has a periphery defined by a first edge and the dielectric layer has a periphery defined by a second edge, wherein the first edge is offset inward of the second edge defining a margin between the first and second edges. In use, this margin helps inhibit electrical arcing from the first conductive layer to the second conductive layer when a high voltage is applied between these two layers.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of increasing radiation response of a radiation detection material for a given radiation signal by first pressurizing the radiation detection material. Pressurization may be accomplished by any means including mechanical and/or hydraulic. In this application, the term "pressure" includes fluid pressure and/or mechanical stress.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemiluminescence measuring apparatus which is small in size and high in operability and has a function of performing accurate quantitative analysis and the like. The apparatus includes at least a box-like housing having an opening, a cover provided on a top surface of the housing and having a through hole for introducing a first detachable vessel into the inner space of the housing, a holder having a concave portion and enclosing the opening of the housing, the hollow chamber having an opening at a side wall thereof and partially housing a second vessel, a photo-sensing unit for detecting luminescence from the second vessel via the through hole of the hollow chamber, and a shutter mechanism for intermittently cutting optical path between the photo-sensing unit and the second vessel.

Abstract: Stimulable phosphor sheets are superposed one upon another. Each stimulable phosphor sheet is provided with a first layer of a substance, which absorbs neutrons and emits secondary particles, and a second layer of a stimulable phosphor, which can store energy from the secondary particles. The stimulable phosphor sheets are exposed to a neutron beam carrying image information, and neutron images are thereby stored on the stimulable phosphor sheets. Image signals representing the neutron images stored on the stimulable phosphor sheets are then obtained. The image signal components of the image signals are then added to each other, which represent corresponding picture elements in the neutron images. An image signal representing the neutron images stored on the stimulable phosphor sheets is thereby obtained. Alternatively, at least one stimulable phosphor sheet for absorbing neutrons, emitting particles, and storing energy of these particles and, a second phosphor sheet for detecting and storing energy from .

Abstract: A method for real-time monitoring of fracture extension during a fracturing treatment of a producing subterranean formation. A radioactive tracer injector is coupled to and spaced from a gamma ray detector by a distance approximately equal to a distance from a point of injection during fracturing to a boundary between the desired interval to be fractured and an adjacent formation which it is desired not to fracture. A programmed central processing unit positioned at a surface location receives spectral signals generated by the gamma ray detector during the fracturing treatment and generates a fracture penetration signal and a fracture injection pump control signal that stops a fracture injection pump whenever the fracture extension signal indicates the presence of radioactive tracer material within the producing subterranean formation at the depth location of the gamma ray detector.

Abstract: A system is provided for reading an image stored on a storage layer radiation screen. The system includes a carousel for holding a storage layer radiation screen and a screen scanning system. The screen scanning system includes a carousel mount on which the carousel may be mounted and a rotation mechanism for rotating the carousel mount, rotation of the carousel mount serving to rotate the carousel about a rotational axis which, in turn, causes the screens held on the carousel to move in a circular path about the rotational axis. The carousel is preferably removable from the carousel mount. The screen scanning system also includes an image acquisition optical system positioned adjacent the circular path of the screen, the image acquisition optical system including an excitation system for focusing an excitation beam on a portion of the screen to cause a light emission, and an emission collecting system for collecting the light emitted from the screen.

Abstract: A multi-module radiation detecting device, a radiation detecting module for incorporation in a multi-module radiation detecting device, and a method for assembling a multi-module radiation detecting device are provided. The radiation detecting module includes a carrier substrate and a radiation detecting tile mounted over the carrier substrate. The module includes interconnection structure for connecting radiation detecting elements in the radiation detecting tile to conductive contacts on a base substrate. The module facilitates attachment and detachment of the module relative to the base substrate and relative to a test fixture used in test and burn-in operations. The module is constructed to isolate the radiation detecting tile from thermal and/or mechanical stresses produced at the interconnection interface during attachment and detachment for test and burn-in, assembly, and rework operations.

Abstract: In connection with a method of interpreting thermographic data for nondestructive evaluation of subsurface structural irregularities in a sample object, the sample object is thermally excited and then allowed to cool. As the thermal energy level on the object's surface changes, a series of positionally-fixed infrared images of the object are acquired. The method calculates a pixel sum set for each image in the series by counting the number of pixels in each image which display each of the different pixel shades of gray (or colors). The mathematical moments of each of the functions derived from the pixel sum sets are then calculated, producing a single total energy value for each image, the total energy values collectively being referred to as a total energy value set.

Abstract: The present invention provides electrode assemblies for LIC imagers that maximize ion collection and the electric field for the minimum bias voltage. To achieve this optimization the ion collection is confined to small regions. Due to this limited ion collection region, high neutralization efficiencies and fast sweep-out times can be obtained. Furthermore, with an electrode separation of approximately 0.1 millimeters, pulse voltages of less than 100 volts can be used. Low voltages result in improved reliability, longer system life, and lower safety risks.

Abstract: A device for the collection, digitization and analysis of synchrotron x-ray crystallographic data using an area detector which detects x-ray photons directly on arrays of solid state detectors and stores the information on capacitors located on readout unit cell array chips. The device consists of a two dimensional area detector, for amplification, collection and conversion of the diffracted x-rays to electrical signals, drive electronics for providing the timing pulses and biases to the area sensor, output electronics for converting the x-ray signals to digital signals and storing the signals, and a data processor to analyze the digital signal form the output electronics. The solid-state detector array is made up of a variable-area three-dimensional array of detector array chips where each chip is in turn made up of an array of solid-state detectors. Each detector on the detector array chip is electrically connected to a readout unit cell on a readout array chip directly beneath the detector array chip.

Abstract: An infrared detector device is described. It is based on an infrared analog of the Fabry Perot interferometer, using one curved, fully reflecting, plate and one planar, mainly reflecting, but partially transmitting, plate. The space between these plates behaves as a resonant cavity which can be built to respond to either a broad or a narrow band of wavelengths in the general range between 1 and 15 microns. It is also possible to combine several detectors of different narrow bands in a single device. Actual detection of the radiation is based on use of thin film resistors, having a high thermal coefficient of resistance, that are thermally isolated from the other parts of the structure. Details relating to the manufacture of the devices are given.

Abstract: In a large-aperture medium-range telephoto lens system, which includes, in the following order from the object side, a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit having a negative refractive power, and a third lens unit having a positive refractive power, and attains focusing by moving the second and third lens units along the optical axis while the first lens unit is fixed in position, the telephoto lens system satisfies:______________________________________ 0.8 < f1/f < 1.5 -3.0 < f2/f < -1.0 0.7 < f3/f < 1.0 0.02 < .vertline.x2/x3.vertline. < 0.

Abstract: An improved formation density logging tool is provided that is effective in cased holes. The improved tool utilizes four detectors which generate four signals enabling the operator to calculate the four unknown variables of interest: formation density, cement thickness, cement density and casing thickness. By providing a means for calculating cement thickness, cement density and casing thickness, a more accurate calculation of formation density is provided. Further, by providing a means for calculating cement thickness, cement density and casing thickness, a more accurate neutron-porosity measurement can be made when the density tool is used in combination with a neutron tool. The tool comprises improvement over currently-available two-detector density tools which are normally useful only in open holes.