Abstract: Polycarbon biofuels may be made from feedstock such as wood waste, agricultural wastes and waste paper. The feedstock may be cooked under acidic conditions to convert cellulose and similar material in the feedstock into a biofuel that is hydrophobic, readily pelletized, and has a high energy density. The biofuel may be blended with coal or other fuels to provide blended fuels that may be burned in conventional burners. One process forms a slurry of the feedstock, sparges carbon dioxide through the slurry to achieve a pH below 5 and cooks the slurry at temperatures in the range of 170 C to 300 C until conversion of the feedstock to polycarbon biofuel has occurred. The biofuel may be separated from liquids in the slurry by filtration.

Abstract: A gas to liquids process with a reduced CO2 footprint to convert both natural gas and a renewable feedstock material into fuels or chemicals. In one embodiment of the invention, a natural gas feed is converted into synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. A minor portion of the hydrogen is thereafter extracted from the synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is converted to hydrocarbons in a Fischer Tropsch reaction. The Fischer Tropsch hydrocarbon product and a renewable feedstock are hydroprocessed with the extracted hydrogen in order to produce fuels and/or chemicals. Waste products from the renewable feed are recycled to produce additional synthesis gas for the Fischer Tropsch reaction.

Abstract: A gas to liquids process with a reduced CO2 footprint to convert natural gas and a renewable feed stock material into fuels or chemicals. In one non-limiting embodiment of the invention, a natural gas feed is converted into synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. A minor portion of the hydrogen is thereafter extracted from the synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is converted to hydrocarbons in a Fischer Tropsch reaction. The Fischer Tropsch hydrocarbon product and a renewable feedstock are hydro processed with the extracted hydrogen in order to produce fuels and/or chemicals. Waste products from the renewable feed are recycled to produce additional synthesis gas for the Fischer Tropsch reaction.

Abstract: A system includes an emulsification device, a processed fuel tank, an emulsification recirculation line, and a control module. The emulsification device is configured to selectively receive a liquid mixture of water and hydrocarbon fuel and produce batches of emulsified fuel. The processed fuel tank is configured to selectively receive and store the emulsified fuel. The control module is configured to monitor one or more operating parameters and execute one or more operating modes. The operating modes include a bypass mode configured to provide the engine with the hydrocarbon fuel, an emulsification recirculation mode configured to continually recirculate emulsified fuel through the emulsification device and the processed fuel tank via the emulsification recirculation line, a run mode configured to operate the engine with emulsified fuel, and a suck back mode configured to return semi-stable emulsified fuel back to the processed fuel tank.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an indirect heat drying method and a refined-coal production method, with which the stability of carrier-gas pressure balance can be improved when using indirect heat dryers to dry particulate matter. This indirect heat drying method for particulate matter uses two indirect heat dryers, and is provided with: a step (A) in which particulate matter is dried in a first indirect heat dryer; and a step (B) in which the particulate matter is further dried in a second indirect heat dryer to obtain dried particulate matter.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to oil compositions, primarily to fuel oil and petroleum compositions produced there from susceptible to wax formation at low temperatures, to polymeric imides for use with such fuel oil compositions, and to methods for their manufacture.

Abstract: Provided is a carbon fuel pneumatic dryer in which synthesis gas generated in a reactor is fed and cooled, including: a feeding part formed as a narrow pipe, via which synthesis gas and carbon fuel are fed; a drying part formed as a pipe having a larger diameter than the feeding part, in which the hot synthesis gas fed via the feeding part is cooled and the moisture content of the carbon fuel is lowered; and a conveying part formed as a pipe having a smaller diameter than the drying part such that the flow velocity of the synthesis gas and the carbon fuel having passed the drying part is increased, wherein the conveying part includes a bend so that the flow direction of the synthesis gas and the carbon fuel is changed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the use of at least one modified alkylphenol-aldehyde resin as additive for improving the oxidation and/or storage stability of a motor fuel or liquid hydrocarbon-containing fuel composition. The modified alkylphenol-aldehyde resin can be obtained by Mannich reaction of an alkylphenol-aldehyde condensation resin with at least one aldehyde and/or one ketone having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and at least one hydrocarbon-containing compound having at least one alkylmonoamine or alkylpolyamine (alkylamine) group, having between 1 and 30 carbon atoms. The alkylphenol-aldehyde condensation resin itself can be obtained by condensation of at least one alkylphenol substituted with at least one linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably a monoalkylphenol, with at least one aldehyde and/or one ketone having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A system for drying pulverized high moisture fuel for use in a selective catalytic reduction system equipped combustion system is provided. The combustion system includes a mill for pulverizing fuel, an air heater, two fuel gas streams at different temperatures, a booster air heater and a fuel duct for feeding dried pulverized fuel to a combustion furnace.

Abstract: A method for hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass, wherein the biomass supplied by pumps from a tank is provided to a reactor, in which the biomass is heated to obtain reactor products in the form of volatile, liquid and solid fractions, which are separated in a separator. The biomass supplied from the tank is pressurized in pumps, after which it is preliminarily heated in a heat exchanger. The preheated biomass is reheated in the reactor using microwave radiation. The temperature of the biomass inside the reactor is measured using temperature sensors and a controller, and based on the measurements of the temperature sensors and reflectometers, the power of radiation is adjusted to retain the biomass inside the reactor at the temperature of 374° C. to 400° C.

Abstract: A solid firelighter is provided, which comprises a carboxylic acid and/or an alkyl ester derivative thereof and a curable resin. The firelighter specifically comprise methyl, ethyl, propyl, or buthanoyl esters of a C6-C10 carboxylic acid or mixtures thereof in an amount of at least 20% by weight. Moreover, a method of manufacturing said firelighter is provided, as well as compositions for use in the manufacture of said firelighter.

Abstract: A sliding material based on graphite-added resin containing 5 to 60% by weight of graphite particles having an average particle diameter of from 5 to 50 ?m, and a degree of graphitization of 0.6 or more, with the balance being one or more of polyimide resin and polyamide-imide resin, and further, the number of the graphite particles having a minimum diameter/maximum diameter ratio (hereinafter referred to as “particle ratio”) of 0.5 or more amounts to 50% or more of the total number of the graphite particles observed in a photograph of an optional cross section of the sliding material based on graphite-added resin.

Abstract: The invention provides a method by which high moisture low rank coal or other carbonaceous material may be transformed into a high-energy, water resistant product. The raw feed is comminuted then mechanically compacted by a roller press with rolls of a specified profile to mobilize the inherent moisture and collapse most of the interstitial pore space. The mobilized moisture is then removed by low-temperature drying and the material is sized and shaped to form a product that is resistant to re-absorption of water or other liquids. The present invention will promote the use of low rank coal for liquefaction and gasification.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fuel oil composition comprising a renewable fuel or a blend of petroleum based fuels with renewable fuels, also containing an additives composition to enhance the base and combined fuel's resistance to forming insoluble particulates upon storage at diminished operating temperatures. Further described is the additive package used to inhibit particulate formation.

Abstract: A hybrid fuel and methods of making the same are disclosed. A process for making a hybrid fuel includes the steps of combining a biofuel emulsion blend and a liquid fuel product to form a hybrid fuel. Optionally, the hybrid fuel can be combined with water in a water-in-oil process and include oxygenate additives and additive packages. A hybrid fuel includes blends of biofuel emulsions and liquid fuel products, including light gas diesel. Optionally, the hybrid fuel can include water, oxygenate additives, and other additive packages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of fueling an internal combustion engine, and composition, that provide improved nitrogen-free detergency in the engine, particularly in the area of injector deposit control. The present invention also provides methods of providing both improved detergency and improved corrosion inhibition, while avoiding compatibility problems with fuels and/or while limiting the amount of nitrogen delivered to the fuel from the deposit control additive.

Abstract: Systems and processes for the production of fuel and fuel blends involve the production of fuels for blending with one or more alcohols such as ethanol and/or butanol. A method for producing a fuel blend includes blending a light distillate product from an oil refinery with butanol. The fuel blending can be at the oil refinery.

Abstract: A system and method for drying pulverized high moisture fuel for use in a selective catalytic reduction system equipped combustion system is provided. The combustion system includes a mill for pulverizing fuel, an air heater, a booster air heater and a fuel duct for feeding dried pulverized fuel to a combustion furnace.

Abstract: A continuous high capacity system for converting hydrocarbon containing post-consumer waste, post-industrial waste, renewable hydrocarbon feedstock into a biofuel, using a pug for blending less than 200 micron diameter particulate with a plasticizing agent; a sealing auger for forming an agglomerated material and sealing, a cutting device, a vacuum chamber to remove air from the cut material, an extruder forming an extrudate, a heating chamber or the heat exchanger to evolve at least one gas; a pressure sensor and temperature sensors in the heating chamber or the heat exchanger, a cooling chamber providing controlled pressure and controlled temperature cooling of the evolved gasses, wherein the cooling chamber liquefies sequentially at least 50 percent of the evolved gasses forming a liquid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a blended fuel and methods for producing the blended fuel, wherein a low carbon fuel derived from a renewable resource such as biomass, is blended with a traditional, petroleum derived fuel. A blended fuel which includes greater than 10% by volume of low carbon fuel has an overall improved lifecycle greenhouse gas content of about 5% or more compared to the petroleum derived fuel. Also, blending of the low carbon fuel to the traditional, petroleum fuel improves various engine performance characteristics of the traditional fuel.