Abstract: A pair of permanent magnets adjoining each other and magnetized with opposite polarities are coupled with a movable object through a connecting shaft so that the pair of permanent magnets are aligned in a direction of displacement of the movable object. A first and a second Hall element is disposed stationary at a position opposing to the pair of permanent magnets and aligned also in the direction of displacement of the movable object with a predetermined space interval between the first and second Hall elements. When the movable object is displaced in one direction, and hence the pair of magnets are moved from a neutral position at which the boundary of the pair of magnets corresponds to the center of the interval of the first and second Hall elements, output voltages of different phases are respectively generated by the first and second Hall elements.

Abstract: A sensor comprising a deformable medium, such as rubber, an ultrasonic transducer for transmitting a signal through the medium to a face of the medium and for sensing an echo of the signal returned from the face through the material to the transducer and circuit means for determining the time differential between transmission of the signal and return of the echo and for converting the time signal into a distance measurement.

Abstract: In a device for measuring torsional torque applied to a fixed or revolving shaft made of a magnetic material by producing a magnetic circuit in which the flux path includes a section of the shaft and detecting a magnetostrictive change induced by the torque, the surface of said section of the shaft is formed with a series of parallel grooves and/or lands or protuberances inclining at a suitable angle with the longitudinal axis of the shaft to thereby cause magnetic flux in the surface layer of the shaft to extend approximately in the direction of tensile or compressive stress produced by the torque. It is preferred to form a first series of parallel grooves extending sprially and inclining 45.degree. with said axis in one section of the shaft and a second series of parallel and spiral grooves inclining 45.degree. with said axis and reverse to the first series of grooves in another section of the shaft to detect a difference between magnetostrictive changes in the respective sections.

Abstract: A low profile remotely controlled carriage which is inserted between the rotor and stator of an electric generator carries an impactor which can be preloaded to strike the stator wedges in all orientations around the stator with a selected high impact force which causes the stator wedge to vibrate. A detector seismically isolated from the impactor measures the deflections in the vibrating stator wedge. Preferably, the detector includes an eddy current coil positioned to measure the distance to a wedge follower which vibrates with the wedge. In one embodiment, the wedge follower is a vacuum cup secured to the wedge. In another, the eddy current coil measures the distance to a foot spring biased against the vibrating wedge. Preferably, the detector is seismically isolated by mounting it on a separate carriage disposed in an aperture in the low profile carriage.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus for a liquid mass non-venting flowmeter. The flowmeter apparatus gives correct flow regardless of changes in density, viscosity, or composition of the liquid and corrects flow in spite of errors common in currently used flowmeters, such as calibration shifts, restricted orifices and/or bearing drag and blade wear of turbine meters. The non-venting characteristic allows use with toxic and corrosive materials.

Abstract: A torque sensor comprising a magnetic amorphous film whose magnetostrictive characteristics vary with the amount of torque applied thereto and coils for detecting magnetostrictive variation disposed opposite the magnetic member. The torque sensor is constituted as an independent unit separate from the shaft whose torque is to be measured. The independent unit comprises a tubular or a shaft member having the magnetic amorphous film attached thereto and a housing with the coils at its inner wall. The housing covers the tubular or shaft member and is rotatable about the same axis as the member. The tubular member is easily mounted on the shaft through spline fittings in one embodiment and the short shaft member of the other embodiment is easily mounted between the two shaft ends via spline fittings and flange couplings.

Abstract: Tension dynamometer which, when in traction connection with a cable, serves to determine the tension forces during the laying of the cable, the dynamometer including the following parts:a strain gauge (9),a preamplifier (10),a voltage-to-frequency converter (11) which converts the signal from the force measuring sensor,a transfer circuit (12, 13) which uncouples the converted signal of the force measuring sensor and transfers it to a reading station, anda storage battery (15) to supply power to the above-named elements.The dynamometer additionally has a time switch (17, 18) which interrupts the power supply of at least one current-consuming element after an established period of constant tension force and turns it on again upon the occurrence of a tension force change, or extends this period by an established length of time upon the occurrence of a tension force change during the period and during the extension does not interrupt the power supply.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the flow rate of electrically conductive liquids includes two coils disposed in succession as seen in the flow direction of a liquid. The coils are switched in alternation as a primary and a secondary coil. One of the coils is excited with an alternating current as the primary coil, and voltage induced by the excitation in the other of the coils as the secondary coil is measured.

Abstract: A measuring roller, which may be a driven chill roller provided with a coolant supply and return assembly, is utilized as a web tension measuring roller. A measuring cage includes a flanged ring fixed to a side frame of the printing machine and a retainer ring joined to a bearing for the measuring roller. These two rings are connected by a plurality of flectional beams that are provided with strain gauges. Changes in web tension are sensed by the strain gauges in response to deflection of the flectional beams.

Abstract: A strain gage load cell is adjusted to zero output signal at no load or a fixed tare load on the load cell independent of the load cell temperature by shunting a pair of opposing arms of the strain gage bridge by equal resistors, and connecting a pair of equal resistors between opposite terminals of the power supply for the strain gage bridge and opposite corners of the output terminals of the strain gage bridge. The zero adjustment according to the invention is especially useful with load cell arrangements where individual strain gage elements must have equalized sensitivities.

Abstract: A method, system and device for determining the quality of assembly of tool parts involves measurement of the rates of rotation of the tool parts or the torque imposed on the tool parts, or a combination thereof, followed by measurement of axial strain, or torsional strain, or hoop strain, or a combination thereof. The measured data are processed to determine the presence of a shoulder, seizing, seals, extreme hoop pressure, mismatched connections, and the like during assembly of the tool parts, thus assuring quality of assembly. The collected data are plotted versus time and displayed for the operator. The clamping device employed can be a one-part device for measuring hoop strain only, or can be a two-part device for measuring two or more of the aforementioned strain values.

Abstract: A magnetoelastic force-measuring device is proposed which has an annular thrust body possessing magnetostrictive properties and bearing a ring coil. To enhance the measuring sensitivity in conjunction with simultaneous good thermal error compensation, a sleeved tension body, likewise possessing magnetostrictive properties and bearing a ring coil, is arranged coaxially in the annular thrust body to fit in such a way that, given the introduction of a force, the one body is subjected to thrust and the other to tension. In this connection, the magnetostrictive properties are formed by a soft magnetic measuring film--preferably of amorphous metal--which applied in each case to the body, and the two ring coils are connected up to make an inductive half-bridge.

Abstract: A measuring device with a test tape cassette, in which sensors are placed on the tape spools comprising a hub and a spool body arranged in rotary manner with respect to the hub, which determine the angular displacement between hub and spool body in conjunction with a test circuit and display same as a measure of the torque acting on the tape spools. The hub and spool body are interconnected in per se known manner by means of a spring element. Preferably the test tape cassette has a printed circuit board as the upper cover, on which are located the sensors and the necessary electrical lines.

Abstract: A vibration type force detector comprising: a string to which a force to be measured is applied in the direction in which the string is tensioned; a driver for causing the string to vibrate at its natural frequency and simultaneously producing a series of pulses at a frequency in synchronism with the vibration of the string; a gate to which the series of pulses are applied; a counter for counting the series of pulses that have passed through the gate; means for providing a gating time determined in accordance with the result of the counting of the counter; and a controller for controlling the gate in accordance with the gating time. The gating time providing means is so arranged that as the vibration frequency of the string increases, the gating time lengthens.

Abstract: The invention relates to an angular bevel gear drive (6), for driving, or for the drive of, agricultural implements. It comprises a basic housing (9) and bevel gears (13, 14) arranged therein. The shafts (10, 11) of one or several of the bevel gears (14) are associated with individual bearing units (15) into which a torque measuring device (12) is integrated, i.e. the torque may be measured both at the input and the output end. The torque measuring device (12) operates in a contact-free way and is arranged between the bearings (18, 19) of the bearing unit (15). By combining the drive with a torque measuring instrument (12) it is possible to make optimum use of the power of the tractor and the implement or individual functional areas of the implement.

Abstract: A multibeam structure measures displacement of one or more response elements to detect multiple components of applied force. The flexible beams are each coupled to a response element which may be displaced by a force arising from linear acceleration, angular acceleration, fluid flow, electric/magnetic/gravitational fields, and others sources. The displacement of the response element is detected with a variety of sensing methods including capacitive and piezoresistive sensing.

Abstract: A vibrating force sensor comprising a metallic strip having three metallic coplanar beams (20, 21, 22). The sensor also includes capacitive transducers (30, 31) for driving the beam or beams into flexural vibration in a plane normal to their common plane and for detecting changes in the frequency of vibrations in response to changes in tension applied to the sensor. Drive and detect electrodes (50, 51) are formed on the surface of an intermediate insulating layer (70) in turn located on the surface of a shielding layer (71) of conductive material.

Abstract: A six-axis force transducer is mounted on the flight controller and provides three independent orthogonal linear force components of the applied force and three independent orthogonal torque components of the applied force. Change in position is measured by a motorized spool connected to a high resolution shaft encoder. A small diameter thread is wound around the spool via a mechanically driven threading device. The free end of the thread is connected to a fixed point in the cockpit. The output of the transducer and the shaft encoder are fed to a microprocessor which calculates net force, in accordance with well known formula, and net position, from calibration data.

Abstract: A device and method for trimming diffused or implanted resistors incorporated within a silicon sensor. Current pulses are applied to cause the migration of aluminum contacts in silicon, resulting in controllable incremental reductions in resistor value. The resistors are symmetrically positioned within a Wheatstone bridge to correct offset voltage and sensitvity erros that result from manufacturing tolerances.

Abstract: First and second sets of grooves define first and second sets of elongate projections which are respectively subject to compression and elongation when the shaft in which they are defined, is subject to torque. Two yoked coils which are excited with an alternating current, are each disposed close to a set of projections. The compression and elongation of the projections changes the amount of magnetic flux which flows along the projections and therefore the inductance of the coils. The coils form part of a bridge circuit which is sensitive to the change in inductance in a manner which enables the amount of torque to be measured.