Abstract: A method for determining the productivity of a well site includes extracting a core with sponge coring techniques and measuring the parameters of the core. The parameters measured are porosity, permeability and percent mobile oil. A core factor is calculated which is the square root of the product of permeability and porosity and indicates the space available in the core for oil production. The core factor is multiplied by the percent mobile oil to provide a Production Index. The Production Index indicates the capacity of a given oil well to produce oil. With the Production Index data, perforations are selectively placed in various areas along the longitudinal axis of a well casing (38) to selectively allow communication between the interior of the well casing and a formation of interest. In this manner, only areas having high oil mobility are communicated within a given region of the formation of interest.

Abstract: A modulating wave signal whose phase abruptly changes is compared with a carrier signal to generate a pulse width modulation pulse. The carrier signal is a sine wave signal having a frequency n times as high as that of the modulating signal and synchronized with the modulating signal. A phase of the carrier abruptly changes by a factor of n as the phase of the modulating signal abruptly changes. Thus, a pulse with modulation pulse which causes an output voltage of a pulse with modulation inverter to be sinusoidal is generated even if the phase of the modulating wave signal abruptly changes.

Abstract: Enhancement of marking symbols indicative of abnormal ECG beats displayed on a CRT storage tube may be effected by periodic revivification. An arrhythmia computer is utilized to detect and classify the abnormal beats-and their location is marked by a symbol generated by a character generating circuit. Visual enhancement is effectuated by periodically resetting the character generator in accordance with the desired refresh repetition rate.

Abstract: A modified hierarchical homogeneous real time transaction, consolidated auditing and side processing business system, operating under a system wide parameter control, processes and encapsulates each transaction as a plurality of parameter dominated records in an input terminal, transmitting the records to an attached controller at the end of the transaction. Parameters, required but not stored in the terminal, are requested from the attached controller and stored for the duration of the transaction. First level processors are provided with a tandem pair of facilities to trap, process and re-route system messages, all system interfaces being individually addressable. Additional force to interface paths are provided. Unit inputs incorporate parallel high speed buffers and a terminal record flushing mechanism is incorporated in each transaction terminal. The buffers, mechanisms, and critical registers have their own standby power supplies.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter interpolator is provided finding application, among others, as a digital ramp smoother. In the preferred embodiment, a regular input step digital ramp signal f(t) is provided as an input signal to a delay line. The delay line is selected so as to have a total delay length equal to an input update period (T) of concern. The output side of the delay line also is adjustable. The delay line voltage output is sampled at intervals of T divided by N over the length of the delay line, where N may be selected to give the desired precision. The sample voltages are summed in a suitable device, and each are given an equal weight of 1/N. The resultant output is a smooth wave form. Structure also is provided for adjusting the gain of the summing device.

Abstract: An X-ray image data of a patient into which an X-ray contrast medium is being administered is processed in an X-ray image data processing apparatus so as to obtain the X-ray image data having an improved S/N ratio. The processing apparatus mainly comprises a linear differential filter that is composed of a plurality of multipliers and an adder. The X-ray image data is multiplied by a plurality of differential coefficients, and thereafter the results of these multiplications are summed.

Abstract: A portable circuit and method for performing a time study and analysis of bodily ionic characteristics as esophageal pH includes a transducer 11 for measuring pH and generating a proportional analog signal and an interface 12 for converting this signal into a representative digital signal including offset and gain controls 23,24 for permitting correction for transducer 11 calibration drift during the study period. A processor 14 receives and stores all digital signals for rapid transmission to a data analysis after the study period is ended. Esophageal pH values are measured and stored for a plurality of pre-study and post-study known conditions.

Abstract: The invention is embodied, for example, as an electronic cash register (ECR). The ECR is at least provided with numerical keys and a buzzer. When data relating to the prices of goods to be registered is entered with use of the numerical keys, the total sum payable by the customer is calculated and stored in a memory. When a sum received is entered with use of the numerial keys, the sum is similarly stored in the memory. The ECR has a CPU which compares the received sum keyed in with a pattern predetermined based on data relating to the kinds of money in circulation and checks whether the received sum is acceptable relative to the total sum. The buzzer goes on when the received sum is not acceptable.

Abstract: A computerized, automatic, portable general earthquake observation system is disclosed. The system includes a microprocessor and associated computer program stored in program memory, which control other components of the system through a computer bus. Input channels for receiving signals from sensors are connected to a signal conditioning module which is selectively coupled to an analog-to-digital conversion module, both under control of the microprocessor. A pre-event data memory module stores the digitized signals sent along a separate data bus by the analog-to-digital conversion module. Data stored in data memory module is analyzed by the microprocessor for information regarding disposition of data which includes archival storage on an internal data recorder using the data bus or transmission to desired external recorder using various possible modems. The microprocessor is also connected to an external time reference module, an automatic calibration module, and an operator interface module.

Abstract: An apparatus for inputting musical sheet data into a musical-sheet-printing system has a piano keyboard which has diatonic tone keys and chromatic tone keys and which generates first coded data, a function keyboard, a random access memory (RAM) for storing coded data supplied from these keyboards, a read-only memory for storing a permanent program and a conversion table representing a relationship between tonality values and chromatic tone pitches, and a control unit, under the control of the permanent program, for presetting a predetermined number of note data for the coded musical data, storing in the RAM the respective musical data included in the predetermined number of note data, accumulating the respective note data, calculating the respective entropy data in accordance with the accumulated musical data, selecting a tonality value having a maximum entropy, and determining an accidental and a note in accordance with the selected tonality value with reference to the conversion table.

Abstract: A credit only paystation for allowing a user to place telephone calls therefrom without having to use coinage coins. The paystation includes a reader to read the users credit information which may be encoded on the magnetic stripe of a conventional credit card. The paystation uses a microcomputer to process the credit information and the dialing information entered by the user. The paystation also allows the user to dial a plurality of nonrestricted numbers without having to use a credit card. The paystation is powered solely from the central office to which it is connected and keeps the transmitter turned off until it is needed.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to an improved electronic cash register which includes a detecting device for detecting that a cash drawer of the cash register is opened, a warning device for effecting processings of warning, and a control circuitry which performs the warning processings by the warning device when the detecting device does not detect the opening of the cash drawer within a predetermined period of time after output of an open instruction for the cash drawer.

Abstract: A cash processing method is disclosed for aggregating sales data from cash processing units. Each cash processing unit has a coin counter and bill counter for accepting coins and bills received from sales, sorting the coins, and counting the coins and bills. Each cash processing unit aggregates sales data by "lot", which is a designation for a grouping of data, where the grouping of data may be according to a particular sales department, having at least one cash register, or according to a particular cash register used for processing sales transactions from at least one sales department. The aggregated sales data is identified by identification codes associated with each lot of data. Each cash processing unit collects sales data and aggregates the sales data, identifying it with a particular code number. This data is then sent to one of the cash processing units that has been designated the master unit.

Abstract: Computer tomography employs quick back projection, allowing for example software based back projection in a minicomputer. From the line of sight absorption data which is normally taken for computed tomography, the apparatus generates additional data files of more limited resolution, the most limited resolution file has such resolution that software controlled back projection employed in the minicomputer can be completed in a period of time of one minute or less. Thereafter, the operator controls a cursor so that subsequent back projection, on files of higher resolution, employ only a subset of the available data to also limit the processing time.

Abstract: An apparatus for reconstructing an image signal of a foreground subject wherein a probe having a plurality of transducers for scanning a foreground subject by radiation, such as an ultrasonic beam, is connected to a phase detector through a receiver. An electrical signal corresponding to a wave reflected from the foreground subject is phase-detected by a phase detector. At least one resultant hologram signal is subjected to the A/D conversion to be stored in a buffer memory. A processing unit causes the hologram signal to be read out of the buffer memory, carries out the convolution integration of the hologram signal and the corresponding kernel function data by the synthetic aperture technique, thereby producing a reconstructed image signal. The processing unit further carries out the nonlinear compression of the amplitude of the hologram signal before the convolution integration and performs the nonlinear expansion of the amplitude of an image signal after the convolution integration.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are disclosed for characterizing the unknown state of a physical system having a time varying history, the characterization being made with reference to a known state of like physical systems. A response signature representative of the unknown system state is compared to a standard signature representative of the known system state. The standard signature includes a primary signature comprising a multi-dimensional region within a pre-defined, transformed coordinate system having an inner and outer boundary, and a secondary signature comprising at least one, but preferably two or more isoclines situated within the bounded region. If the response signature lies wholly within the bounded region and does not cross any of the region's isoclines, the system being characterized is deemed to be in the known state.

Abstract: A fully automatic programmable wall switch timer for controlling lighting circuits is described. The device provides user selected lighting circuit operation at predetermined event times, for predetermined event duration at said times, and at a selected light brightness or intensity level. The device is microprocessor controlled and is intended for installation in a standard wall switch box using existing wall switch plates. Included are a time of day and programming display and a three-way switch option. Separate switches are provided for isolating the unit from the power line, selecting lighting circuit operation, and advancing the display time. Additionally, various user programming modes are provided by operation of said switches singly and in conjunction with each other.

Abstract: An improved system for elevator control system is disclosed in which the past traffic demand data that have occurred during a plurality of the same predetermined past unit time periods as the current time period are studied so that these past data may be reflected in the group control of the elevator operation. If the data for a day with different traffic demand from a usual value were studied during the study of past traffic demand that occurred in the course of said predetermined unit time periods, the resulting preestimation would be inaccurate. In view hereof, according to the present invention, any traffic volume data that is markedly different from the traffic demand so far encountered is not studied or, alternatively, the data for a day of the week on which the traffic demand is different from the usual value, such as Sunday, is not studied, thus enabling more accurate preestimation of traffic demand for the unit time period beginning with the current time.

Abstract: Irrigation control apparatus includes:(a) a mast having a lower portion adapted to be removably inserted into the earth,(b) soil moisture sensing structure associated with or separate from said lower portion of the mast, and(c) data transmitting apparatus on an upper portion of the mast and operatively connected with said sensing structure for transmitting to a central station data indicative of soil moisture conditions at the location of the mast.

Abstract: A method of monitoring the performance of a cutting tool which moves relative to a workpiece through a cycle includes the steps of dividing the cycle into a plurality of increments, sensing a function of force applied to the tool during the increments, mathematically smoothing the function of force sensed during the increments, and establishing a trend in the mathematically smoothed function of force for the plurality of increments. The mathematically smoothed function of force is compared with the established trend and if the mathematically smoothed function of force deviates substantially from the established trend a first signal is generated.