Abstract: An indicator for indicating a dimension of an X-ray beam defined by a collimator has a base member positioned on the other side of the patient from the X-ray beam source. A pair of light sources are mounted on the base member for linear movement and for angular movement so that the beams of light may be positioned into congruency with the edges of the X-ray field defined by the collimator and converge at the source of the X-ray beam. The light sources may be moved by a cable having selectively movable segments to which the light sources are attached or by lead screws.

Abstract: The invention improves the safety in the case of breakage of an endless chain whereby a part of an X-ray apparatus table top is supported and displaced by a chain. The chain is accommodated inside a rigid guide having a slot through which the chain is coupled to the table top. The guide is constructed so that the chain has only a limited freedom of movement on all sides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiodiagnostics apparatus for mammograms with an adjustable x-ray tube fastened to a mount, a compression device, and two recording stages to be selectively aligned with the x-ray tube. The recording stages are pivotably connected with the mount in such a way that one can be brought into a recording position and the second into a parked position.

Abstract: In an X-ray television diagnostic apparatus, the blanking operation of the grid control circuit for the image intensifier and also the scanning operation of the television camera are interrupted during the projection of pulsatory X-rays from the X-ray tube, and at least the blanking operation for the image intensifier commences immediately after the projection of the pulsatory X-rays is accomplished.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an X-ray spectrometer for obtaining EXAFS data from a target material. The target material is exposed to incident pulsed synchrotron/X-ray radiation having a selected range of continuous spectrum and intensity suitable for obtaining EXAFS data from the material. The transmitted or fluorescence X-rays is detected and integrated over a period of time. The integrator is controlled by a gate synchronous with the pulsed radiation. The integration time of the integrator can be varied. A xenon flash is provided for exciting appropriate materials and is controlled by a gating device which is also synchronized with the radiation pulses.

Abstract: A variable width fan beam of radiation is provided in a high speed X-ray transmission system by a plurality of ring collimators with the ring collimators being mounted whereby spacing between ring collimators can be varied. In preferred embodiment an arcuate array of radiation detectors are mounted in an annular housing which functions as one of the ring collimators.

Abstract: A collimator which is adapted to be mounted on the tube head cone of any existing panoramic X-ray machine used in dental examinations. The device personalizes the radiation from an X-ray machine to the size and shape of a patient's head by accurately allowing the X-rays to be directed only to that part of the head which requires the examination. The collimator of our invention comprises a housing which is mounted on the tube head cone of an X-ray machine, the housing having a vertical slot adapted to be aligned with the vertical slot in the X-ray tube head. A vertically-adjustable slide member regulates the open length of the slot in the housing, the slide member being regulated in its position by a pointer which extends from the slide and has an end disposed at a selected part of the patient's head. Thus, the length of the slot in the housing may be regulated to the shape of the patient's head to eliminate radiation to the eyes and retinal tissue, in the upper limit, and under the chin in the lower limit.

Abstract: A system for X-ray fluorescence analysis utilizes a plurality of parfocal diffractors to selectively monochromatize X-rays and focus them on a sample to be analyzed. In a preferred embodiment, each diffractor comprises a toroidally shaped crystal structure which, in the operative position of the diffractor, satisfies Johannson geometric conditions within a plurality of planes containing both a source of X-rays and a focused X-ray image.

Abstract: Improved diagnostic imaging methods and systems for automatically controlling variable parameters used when translating detected radiation intensities caused by radiation that has passed through an object and impinged on a detector to fixed values for display images by determining the maximum and minimum intensities at the impinged on detector locations and adjusting the parameters as functions of the said maximum and minimum intensities.

Abstract: A high speed actuator for controlling the shutter in x-ray equipment so as to eliminate transition time during which the x-ray dose is wasted. The actuator includes a driving solenoid for rotating and axially displacing a shutter member so as to move a shutter aperture to an open position, a mechanical arrangement for blocking movement of the member when the shutter aperture reaches the open position, and an electro-magnetic brake, having an armature and coil, interconnected with the driving solenoid such that braking engagement between the armature and coil is effected by movement of the shutter member and aperture to the open position.

Abstract: An X-ray tube is movable between a minimum distance from an image receptor and a maximum distance. Signals are generated representative of the X-ray tube focal spot-to-image distance (SID), the peak kilovoltage (kVp) that is to be applied to the X-ray tube anode during a fluorographic exposure and the desired brightness of the X-ray image. The signals are processed in a manner that results in a control signal being developed that adjusts the X-ray tube filament current in a way that produces an X-ray tube current (mA) during the exposure which results in a constant limited X-ray dose rate at the X-ray beam entrance plane of a patient at any permissible kVp and SID setting and assures that the dose rate limit will not be exceeded at minimum permissible SID regardless of the selected kVp.

Abstract: A digital fluorographic system for displaying images comprising video and multi format display means which are each provided image data from large size matrices (1024.times.1024). The data is compressed and is provided to the video display at speeds that preclude the necessity of using broad bandwidth equipment.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for positioning a sample in the radiation field of a computerized axial tomographic scanner (CAT) for scanning by the CAT. The apparatus has a first support on a first side of the CAT and a second support on a second side of the CAT opposite the first side of the CAT. Both supports have respective guides and respective trolleys mounted upon their guides. The trolley on the first support is coupled to the second trolley by a suitable coupling so that movement of the first trolley by its motor causes similar movement of the second trolley, and the coupling with a sample mounted thereon passes through the radiation field of the CAT. A controller controls the motor to correctly position the sample as determined by a sample position sensor.

Abstract: A cable termination is disclosed for high voltage electrical cables for x-ray tubes having inner and outer conductive housings separated by resilient insulating material. The inner conductive housing is at or near the high voltage potential and is adapted to provide even voltage distribution in the insulating material. Electrical contacts are contained within the inner housing which make connection from the cable conductors to feedthrough conductors to complete the electrical path across the vacuum envelope of the x-ray tube.

Abstract: The invention relates to diaphragm means arranged close to the film in an X-ray spot film device. The diaphragm means comprises a first diaphragm with several rectangular aperture sections. The sections are displaced in the horizontal direction and have different vertical dimensions. A second diaphragm assembly has vertically extending diaphragm edges. By moving the first diaphragm to different positions in the radiation path, the aperture can be adapted to exposure formats of different vertical dimensions.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the content of an element having an atomic number higher than 47, in a sample volume, in particular for determining the concentration of an X-ray contrast agent in vivo, employs a radiation source for such excitation of the element in the sample volume with collimated radiation that the element emits its characteristic X-ray radiation. An NaI(T1) scintillation detector is directed towards the sample volume for receiving X-ray radiation therefrom at an angle of from 90.degree. to 135.degree. in relation to the excitation radiation. Both the energy of Copton-scattered photons in the sample and the difference between this energy and 28.5 KeV must be clearly distinguished from the characteristic energy of the element concerned.

Abstract: In order to achieve high resolution in X-ray analysis, a monochromator comprising four crystals which are pair-wise positioned in parallel orientation is used with the two pairs being positioned in an offset anti-parallel orientation. An X-radiation source may be arranged in the immediate vicinity of the first crystal pair in order to achieve a high beam intensity. Each of the crystal pairs is preferably cut so as to form a U-shape from a single block of a monocrystalline material which is relatively free from dislocations. Germanium is a monocrystalline material of preferred use.

Abstract: In an X-ray generator device a target member emitting X-rays by electron bombardment is arranged in a rod-shaped tubular probe and is provided with a conically tapering front part facing a comparatively narrow aperture in a controlling electron beam diaphragm for the purpose of forming a substantially punctiform radiation source. The position of the target member is adjusted by securing the rod-shaped target member at a part of its length reckoned from its opposite, rearmost end in a central bore of an oblong cylindrical target carrier positioned coaxially in the probe, said target carrier being only at its foremost end connected with the wall of the probe, thereby allowing fine adjustment of the target member with respect to said aperture by displacement of said opposite end of the target carrier in a radial plane in the probe, e.g. by means of wedge means formed as adjusting screws in the annular channel between the target carrier and the inner wall of the probe.

Abstract: A positioning device for use with an extension and repositioning apparatus for the orientation of an extremity comprises a support cradle for the extremity and a connection element. The support cradle is formed of a lower post fastened to the extension and repositioning apparatus. The support cradle is further formed of a laterally projecting support arm and a raised mounting arm essentially parallel to the post. The connection element is couplable to the support cradle by releasable pin connections to secure a limb. The support cradle and connection element may be formed of sterilizable, X-ray transparent plastic material.

Abstract: An x-ray detector includes a first array of radiation detecting cells for detecting a planar radiation beam transmitted through an object undergoing examination, and a second array of detector cells for detecting radiation transmitted past the object without substantial attenuation. A cell in the second array is modified so that the fraction of the incident radiation admitted into the cell for detection is dependent on the position of a beam of x-ray radiation on its radiation-receiving aperture. Analysis of the signal outputs of the modified cell and an unmodified cell yields the position of the x-ray beam on the aperture. Knowledge of the beam position is useful in a method for compensating for the height-dependent detector sensitivity in, for example, a computerized tomography apparatus.