Abstract: The invention provides azeotrope-like compositions consisting essentially of R.sub.f OC.sub.2 H.sub.5, where R.sub.f is a branched or straight chain perfluoroalkyl group having 4 carbon atoms, and an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of: straight chain, branched chain and cyclic alkanes having 6 to 8 carbon atoms; esters having 4 carbon atoms; ketones having 4 carbon atoms; disiloxanes having 6 carbon atoms; cyclic and acyclic ethers having 4 to 6 carbon atoms; chlorinated alkanes having 3 to 4 carbon atoms and chlorinated alkenes having 2 carbon atoms. The compositions are useful for cleaning, as solvents or carriers for coating and as heat transfer materials.

Abstract: Homogeneous, electro-viscous fluids are provided which contain aluminum soaps based on products obtained by reacting one or more mono- or polycarboxylic acid(s) or the anhydrides or semi-esters thereof with reactive aluminum compounds, such as aluminum alcoholates. The aforesaid fluids manifest high electro-rheological effect and are completely homogeneous, and do not require a dispersant.

Abstract: A nonazeotropic working fluid medium for use in a thermodynamic cycle system, comprising a mixture of compounds and characterized in that one or more vaporization loss/replenishment cycles of each less than about 15% of the total weight of the medium and cumulative up to about 50% of the total weight of the medium result in a total decrease in the coefficient of performance of said medium of no more than about 5%, or a loss in electric power generating efficiency of not more than about 3 percent.

Abstract: A nonazeotropic working fluid medium for use in a thermodynamic cycle system, comprising a mixture of compounds and characterized in that one or more vaporization loss/replenishment cycles of each less than about 15% of the total weight of the medium and cumulative up to about 50% of the total weight of the medium result in a total decrease in the coefficient of performance of said medium of no more than about 5%, or a loss in electric power generating efficiency of not more than about 3 percent.

Abstract: Substantially constant boiling mixtures of difluoromethane and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane or perfluoroethane are useful as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, and expansion agents for polymers.

Abstract: A refrigerant/absorbent composition is disclosed which comprises an aqueous solution of at least one absorbent salt, present in an amount sufficient to provide utility of said composition as an absorbent, and at least one germanium compound, present in an amount sufficient to inhibit corrosion. Also, a method of inhibiting corrosion by adding a germanium compound to a refrigerant/absorbent composition is disclosed. Further, an absorption heat transferring machine having a working fluid which comprises an absorber salt, a germanium compound and water is disclosed.

Abstract: An improved thermal energy storage system and a process for thermal energy storage and transfer are disclosed. The cooling medium, a clathrate forming mixture, comprises water, and a hydrofluorocarbon having at least three carbon atoms and a molecular diameter less than about 7 .ANG.. Preferably the hydrofluorocarbon is selected from hydrofluoropropanes and more preferably is selected from the group consisting of CHF.sub.2 CHFCHF.sub.2, CF.sub.2 HCF.sub.2 CH.sub.2 F, CF.sub.3 CHFCH.sub.2 F, CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 H, CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3 CHFCF.sub.2 H, CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CF.sub.3, CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 H, CH.sub.2 FCF.sub.2 CF.sub.3, CHF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 H, and CF.sub.3 CFHCFHCF.sub.3.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid for the machining of metal by spark erosion which contains saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons with a proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons which is lower than one percent in weight and to which an additive is added, wherein organic substances from the group of anthraquinone derivatives are added as the additive in a concentration of maximally one percent in weight.

Abstract: Compositions include compositions of 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutane and a hydrocarbon having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms. Specific examples include 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutane and butane, cyclopropane, isobutane, propane, cyclopentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, n-pentane, 2-methylbutane, cyclohexane, 2,3-dimethylpentane, 3-ethylpentane, heptane, hexane or methylcyclopentane. Also included in this invention are compositions of 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutane and ethyl formate, propylene oxide, bis(pentafluoroethyl)sulfide, dimethoxyethane or tetrahydrofuran. These compositions, which may be azeotropic or azeotrope-like, may be used as refrigerants, cleaning agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, aerosol propellants, refrigerants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents or displacement drying agents.

Abstract: In order to depress a crystallization temperature of an absorbent composition for an absorption refrigeration system without depressing vapor absorption ability, cesium chloride is added to an alkaline solution containing lithium bromide as a main component, in an amount of 0.01 to 15% by weight, based on the weight of an aqueous 64% lithium bromide solution.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a mixture of hydrocarbons having a well-defined chemical composition that is suitable for use as a dielectric coolant in electrical equipment in general, and specifically in transformers. The dielectric coolants of the present invention are particularly suited for use in sealed, non-vented transformers, and have improved performance characteristics, including decreased degradation of the paper insulating layers, as well as a greater degree of safety and environmental acceptability. The present dielectric coolants comprise relatively pure blends of compounds selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons, polyalphaolefins, polyol esters, and natural vegetable oils, along with additives to improve pour point, increase stability and reduce oxidation rate.

Abstract: A heat transfer fluid is disclosed which comprises a glycol, a phosphate, and a copolymer additive which is a copolymer of an ethylenically substituted carboxylic acid and an aldehyde. A method for preparing the heat transfer fluid comprises admixing 92 to 96 weight percent of one or more glycols; 2 to 4 weight percent of a phosphate; and 0.01 to 0.25 weight percent of the copolymer additive. Precipitation of phosphate salts is inhibited in phosphate-containing glycol-based fluids by the addition of the copolymer additive before mixing the fluid with water.

Abstract: Tableted detergents are formed from a hydrated phosphate sequestrant, caustic, free water and, optionally, fillers by combining the products and tableting the components without permitting the tablets or detergent to exceed 50.degree. C. In a preferred embodiment where fillers are incorporated, all free water is combined with the phosphate sequestrants, both anhydrous and hydrated. After the water has been absorbed by the sequestrants, the filler and caustic can be added and the detergent tableted. The free water is bound sufficiently tightly to the phosphate sequestrant that it does not rapidly react with the anhydrous caustic, maintaining the temperature at less than 50.degree. C., which in turn prevents the water of hydration in the phosphates from reacting and thereby weakening the formed tablets. The tablets can also be formed by combining the filler with the phosphate sequestrants and water and subsequently adding caustic if the detergent is cooled and its temperature maintained below 50.degree. C.

Abstract: Sequestrant compositions comprising combinations of an alkali metal or ammonium borate with an adduct formed by reaction of an .alpha., .beta. unsaturated polycarboxylic acid with a mono- or dicarboxylated sugar, in which the adduct has at least two hydroxy groups in a vicinal configuration. The sequestrants can be used to complex alkaline earth and transition metal ions and are especially useful for complexing calcium and magnesium in aqueous laundry solutions. They also are effective for soil dispersion and for inhibiting the deposition of soil on fabric.

Abstract: An electroviscous fluid comprising an electrically insulating liquid and solid electrolyte particles dispersed therein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pretreater or compositions in stick form which remove stains. The compositions contain 30 to 80 wt. % of a nonionic surfactant, 1 to about 20 wt. % of an anionic soap, and 0.1% to 10 wt. % of a hydrophobically modified polar polymer. A method of using the composition is also described.

Abstract: A homogeneous electro rheological fluid is provided. The fluid comprises a lyotropic liquid crystalline polymer dissolved in a solvent in low concentrations in a manner in which the fluid does not exhibit a liquid crystalline state. According to the homogeneous electro rheological fluid of the present invention, the problem associated with the precipitation of particles can be circumvented. Moreover, the electro rheological fluid can provide a large difference in torque before and after the application of an electric field; therefore, exhibits good electro rheological properties.

Abstract: Composition useful as 2-in-1 cleansing products are disclosed that are extremely mild to skin and hair, which use neutralized, essentially chargeless, ionic complexes of fatty amines and fatty acids to deliver various levels of conditioning; neutralized, essentially chargeless, ionic complexes of a detersive surfactant comprising a water soluble cationic surfactant and/or polymer complexed with one or more anionic surfactants; or an amphoteric surfactant complexed with one or more anionic surfactants; or a water soluble cationic surfactant and/or polymer complexed with one or more amphoteric surfactants; or a water soluble cationic surfactant and/or polymer complexed with one or more anionic surfactants and an amphoteric surfactant; detersive surfactant-soluble but water-insoluble silicones or derivatives thereof; and water. These products exhibit true 2-in- conditioning properties, and are lower in cost than current 2 in 1 products. Clear or opacified products can be formulated.

Abstract: Refrigerant compositions are disclosed which are non-flammable when vapor charged and which perform as well as compositions of 50 weight percent difluoromethane and 50 weight percent pentafluoroethane.

Abstract: A liquid duty liquid microemulsion composition comprises a mixture of a secondary alkane sulfonate surfactant, an alkyl ether polyethenoxy sulfate surfactant, an anionic biodegradable surfactant, a cosurfactant, a perfume or water insoluble hydrocarbon and water.