Abstract: A serially connected surge suppression optimization device has an input terminal, an output terminal, a plurality of surge suppression units. The surge suppression units are serially mounted between the input terminal and the output terminal. Each surge suppression unit has at least one pair of parallel inductors and a plurality of surge absorption units respectively connected with one end of each of the pair of inductors. The pair of parallel inductors mounted in the surge suppression unit in a pre-stage and the surge suppression unit in a post-stage have different conductance values. Accordingly, the surge suppression optimization device connected in a path from which surges pass can significantly reduce energy of a surge flowing in and a residual surge voltage. The different conductance values of the surge suppression units in a pre-stage and a post-stage smoothen an intruding surge to secure better safety protection without abruptly generating a peak rise.

Abstract: A method for detecting the state of a load device which can be connected to a switching connection, wherein the switching connection can be coupled to, and decoupled from, a predefined switching potential. A voltage drop across the switching connection is used as a basis for detecting whether the load device is connected to the switching connection, the load device is not connected to the switching connection or there is a short circuit between the switching connection and a first or a second switching potential. An additional current source is connected to the switching connection at the same time as the switching connection is decoupled from the predefined switching potential.

Abstract: An EMI noise shielding device applied to a power supply control system includes a first resistor with a terminal electrically coupled to a terminal of a second resistor to form an input terminal, a differential amplifier for receiving a feedback voltage (Vfb) signal containing a noise from the input terminal to perform a first filter process to generate a first node voltage (VA) signal, a signal converter for receiving the first node voltage (VA) signal to perform an analog-to-digital signal conversion process and a second filter process to generate a second node voltage (VB) signal, and a digital control circuit for receiving the second node voltage (VB) signal to perform a determination process and a third filter process to generate a third node voltage (VC) signal. Therefore, the noise signal contained in the feedback voltage (Vfb) signal can be filtered to maintain the normal operation of the power supply control system.

Abstract: An isolated type power supply includes a transformer, and a power switch and a current sense resistor serially connected to a primary coil of the transformer, and a protection apparatus and method monitor a control signal which is used to switch the power switch in normal operation, and trigger a signal to stop the power from switching when the control signal becomes greater than a threshold. This protection apparatus and method can more quickly detect short circuit of the current sense resistor, and prevent the isolated type power supply from overcurrent impact.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing power from a vehicle power source to at least one portable electrical device includes: (a) a power interface unit for coupling with the vehicle power source; (b) a power converter unit coupled with the power interface unit; (c) at least one first voltage output connection structure coupled with the power converter unit; the at least one first voltage connection structure presenting at least one first voltage output; the at least one first voltage output connection structure being configured for effecting universal serial bus coupling; and (d) first short-circuit protection circuitry coupled with the power converter unit and the at least one first voltage output connection structure.

Abstract: A power supply system S comprising a power processor 1, having a power input 2 and an AC power output 3 with a nominal voltage VN and a nominal current IN, and a power supply safety circuit 6 connected in parallel to said power processor 1 between said power input 2 and said AC power output 3. The purpose of the power supply safety circuit 6 is to provide an additional current in case of a short circuit condition downstream of the AC power output 3, so as to trigger the opening of an individual circuit breaker 4 connected to the short circuited load 5.

Abstract: An integrated DC link inductor and current sensor winding having a core that includes at least two primary legs and at least one secondary leg, two direct current (DC) link windings each wound around one of the two primary legs, and a common mode current sensor winding wound around the secondary leg. Resistors coupled to the common mode current sensor winding may damp the common mode current oscillations.

Abstract: A composite electronic device includes first and second magnetic substrates, and a functional layer sandwiched between these magnetic substrates, and the functional layer is configured by a common-mode filter layer and a ESD protection element layer. An electrostatic capacitance of the ESD protection elements is equal to or lower than 0.35 pF. The common-mode filter layer includes a first spiral conductor formed on an insulation layer, and a second spiral conductor formed on an insulation layer. DC resistance of a common mode filter is equal to or higher than 0.5? and equal to or lower than 5?, and an electrostatic capacitance of the ESD protection elements is equal to or lower than 0.35 pF. A width W and a length L of the first and second spiral conductors satisfy a relational equation expressed by ?(L/W)<(7.6651?fc)/0.1385.

Abstract: An ion/ozone wind generation device includes an electrode pair including a needle-shaped electrode and an opposite electrode, and generates ions and ion/ozone wind using corona discharge by generating a potential difference between the needle-shaped electrode and the opposite electrode, wherein the opposite electrode includes a plane-shaped main ring-shaped opposite electrode and a plane-shaped sub ring-shaped opposite electrode surrounding the plane-shaped main ring-shaped opposite electrode, and the longest distance between a tip of the needle-shaped electrode and the main ring-shaped opposite electrode is shorter than the shortest distance between the tip of the needle-shaped electrode and the sub ring-shaped opposite electrode.

Abstract: A Compact Secondary Substation including a fault protection system and a method for fault protection in Compact Secondary Substations (CSS). The CSS includes a Ring Main Unit (RMU), a transformer and a Low Voltage (LV) switchgear. The CSS includes a number of detectors, which detectors can be placed at least in one of the RMU, the transformer or in the LV switchgear, which detectors can be connected to a control unit, which control unit by fault detection by the detectors can activate a fast operating switch for grounding. By using the fast operating grounding switch and controlling this on the basis of the detectors placed inside the CSS, an active arc fault protection is achieved. The control unit also controls the fast operating grounding switch so that it works as a working grounding switch.

Abstract: An electrostatic chuck and an apparatus having the electrostatic chuck are provided. The electrostatic chuck may attract a substrate during a substrate assembling process for manufacturing a flat display panel. An elastic layer made of an elastic material may be provided in a base part of the electrostatic chuck, thus preventing non-uniform stress from being distributed on the substrate due to external force, therefore maintaining the flatness of the substrate and improving the quality of assembled substrates. The electrostatic chuck may include an electrostatic force generating part provided on an upper surface of the base part, the force generating part including an insulating layer, an electrode layer, a dielectric layer. The base part may be provided with the elastic layer made of the elastic material having elastic restoring force.

Abstract: A safety switching device, with which a safety-related device, can be set into a safe state. The safety switching device has a microprocessor or microcontroller, which can set an electric drive to be protected into a safe state both if an emergency circuit breaker, protective door switch, and/or two-hand switch is activated and also if there is faulty operation of the safety-related device or electric drive. For this purpose, the microprocessor is implemented such that it can determine from at least one analog signal to be measured whether a predetermined parameter lies outside a predetermined operating range. In addition, the microprocessor can be a component of a safety device which is constructed for multiple-channel control of a safety-related electric drive. In this way, the safety switching device can respond to several safety functions independent of each other in order to set an electric drive into a safe state.

Abstract: A transistor with an electrical overstress (EOS) protection may include an active region, a plurality of impurity regions and a conduction pattern. The active region may be formed in a substrate. The impurity regions may be formed in the active region and arranged at a predetermined or given distance with respect to each other. The conduction pattern may be arranged between each of the impurity regions in a meandering shape, and the conduction pattern may include a center portion connected to a ground terminal. Therefore, a transistor with EOS protection, a clamp device, and an ESD protection circuit including the same may increase an on-time of a clamp device and may sufficiently discharge a charge due to the EOS by including a conduction pattern configured with gates that are connected with respect to each other in a meandering shape.

Abstract: A monitor control system and method for an electrical distribution system includes a trip unit of a circuit breaker. A sensor is associated with the electrical distribution system and coupled to the trip unit wherein the sensor is connected to one or more components of the electrical distribution system to detect whether the electrical distribution system is being serviced when a presence of a human being is also detected. A selector is coupled to the trip unit and configured to select maintenance mode parameters to define a mode of operation of the trip unit wherein in the maintenance mode arc flash reduction or tripping delay reduction is provided such that the trip unit operates based on the maintenance mode parameters.

Abstract: A first electronic device includes an electromagnetic component embedded in its connecting port and controlled to be activated during data transmission between the first electronic device and a second electronic device to which the first electronic device is connecting, or during memory accessing of the first electronic device. As the electromagnetic component is activated, an attraction force exists between the two connecting ports of the first and the second electronic devices such that a user of the first electronic device will feel a resistance when he/she tries to disconnect the first electronic device from the second electronic device.

Abstract: An apparatus to aid in the removal of refrigerant from direct expansion air-conditioning systems is herein disclosed. The apparatus enables the manual activation of solenoid valves or check valves typically provided on direct expansion air-conditioning systems. A solenoid valve must be energized to allow complete access to the refrigerant in order to allow complete evacuation of the system. The apparatus is connected to a power source and a plurality of switches enables selection of 120V operation or 24V operation. The apparatus further comprises transformers, fuses, and the like to provide complete protection to the user. Final connection to the solenoid valve is made through the use of a long power lead supplied with alligator clips. The apparatus is housed in a convenient enclosure allowing for easy storage and transportation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electrical device configured to be disposed in an electrical distribution system between a source of electrical power and an electrical load. The electrical distribution system includes at least one line hot conductor, a line neutral conductor, and a line ground conductor. The line neutral conductor and the line ground conductor are connected to earth ground at a termination point in the electrical distribution system. The electrical load includes at least one load hot conductor, a load neutral conductor, and a load ground conductor. The device comprises a power supply coupled to the power input mechanism. The power supply comprises at least one DC voltage output terminal and a reference terminal coupled to the line ground termination element.

Abstract: A power switching circuit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes an output transistor connected between a power supply terminal VCC and an output terminal OUT, an output controller which controls a conducting state of the output transistor according to an input signal, a sense transistor having a gate commonly connected with the output transistor, which detects an output current flowing into the output transistor, an output current detection terminal in which a detection voltage is generated according to the output current detected by the sense transistor and a short circuit detector which detects a short circuit condition of the output current detection terminal according to the detection voltage and stops the output transistor or limits the output current.

Abstract: A static eliminator comprises an electric discharge portion, and a case in which the discharge portion for emitting ions in front thereof is disposed. The case includes an ion emitting opening and an ozone, etc suction opening. The ozone, etc generated in the discharge portion is sucked through the ozone, etc suction opening resulting in sucking air from the ion emitting opening in a direction opposite to that of ion emission through the ion emitting opening.

Abstract: The present invention includes methods and apparatus for repairing an electrical connection between bipolar electrodes contained within an electrostatic chuck and a conductive mask disposed atop the electrostatic chuck, known as a balancing circuit. Embodiments of the invention are particularly useful after removal of an electrostatic chuck for refurbishment.