Abstract: The invention is related to a monitoring and protection device of power distribution transformers on the low voltage side. Said device monitors in a permanent manner the functioning of the transformer and provides a record of all the information in case of a fault. Additionally, the invention device provides the protection of the transformer in case of a fault, allowing a partial impact on the service and preventing peak currents that may reduce the useful life of the transformer. The device has a remote communication module that allows the transmission of the recorded data, a control module that may be activated remotely and a visual alert module that reduces the risk in the handling of the device.

Abstract: A multi-voltage level direct current grid system and a control protection method, the direct current grid system comprising: at least two direct current buses; at least one direct current transformer, one end of which is connected to a first direct current bus while another end is connected to a second direct current bus or a lead-out wire, which may achieve direct current voltage conversion; and at least one lead-out wire current limiter, one end of the lead-out wire current limiter being connected to the second direct current bus while another end is connected to the lead-out wire; the lead-out wire current limiter comprises a first current-limiting unit, and the first current limiting unit comprises a group of direct current switches, as well as a first bypass switch and a first current-limiting resistor unit that are connected in parallel.

Abstract: A circuit includes a first input terminal; a second input terminal; a first output terminal; a second output terminal; a first parallel circuit including a first transistor and a first capacitor; and a second parallel circuit including a first resistor, a second resistor, a diode, and a second capacitor. The first parallel circuit and the second parallel circuit are each connected in parallel between the first input terminal and the second input terminal and in parallel between the first output terminal and the second output terminal.

Abstract: A set of electrical protection devices with two levels that are connected in series, the first level including a circuit breaker that is referred to as the first or upstream circuit breaker and the second level including one or more circuit breakers referred to as second or downstream circuit breakers, which are connected in parallel with respect to one another.

Abstract: A first clamp circuit (4) clamps a voltage between a gate and a first terminal of a switching device (Q1) to equal to or lower than a first clamp voltage. A control circuit (2) controls the switching device (Q1) and includes a driving unit (5) driving the switching device (Q1), an abnormality detecting unit (9) stopping the driving unit (5) upon detection of an abnormality in operation, and a second clamp circuit (10). The second clamp circuit (10) clamps the voltage between the gate and the first terminal to equal to or lower than a second clamp voltage which is lower than the first clamp voltage when the abnormality detecting unit (9) stops the driving unit (5).

Abstract: A direct-current voltage supply circuit includes a first field effect transistor in a power line, a voltage divider including a first fixed resistor and a positive temperature coefficient thermistor between the power line and a ground line, a thyristor connected at an anode thereof to the power line, with a second field effect transistor interposed therebetween, connected at a gate thereof to a node in the voltage divider, and connected at a cathode thereof to the ground line, with a second fixed resistor interposed therebetween, and a third fixed resistor connected in parallel with the thyristor and the second field effect transistor. If abnormal heating increases the resistance of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor, the first field effect transistor is turned off and the supply of direct-current voltage is stopped.

Abstract: A multi-level over-current protection circuit includes: a signal amplification circuit configured to receive a set of detection signals and output a first signal; a comparison circuit to compare the first signal with a first reference signal and a second reference signal respectively; and a time delay counting circuit. The time delay counting circuit adjusts a first count value when the first signal is higher than or equal to the first reference signal and smaller than the second reference signal, and the time delay counting circuit activates a protection mode when the first count value reaches a first protection time delay. The time delay counting circuit adjusts a second count value when the first signal is higher or equal to the second reference signal, and activates the protection mode when the second count value reaches a second protection time delay.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide for a circuit. In some examples, the circuit includes a first current source having a terminal coupled to a first node and a second terminal, a first switch coupled between the second terminal of the first current source and a second node, a first resistor coupled between the second node and a ground terminal, a second current source having a terminal coupled to the first node and a second terminal, a second switch coupled between the second terminal of the second current source and a third node, a second resistor coupled between the third node and the ground terminal, a third current source having a terminal coupled to the first node and a second terminal, a third switch coupled between the second terminal of the third current source and a fourth node, and a third resistor coupled between the fourth node and the ground terminal.

Abstract: A fuse control system and method using a defective mode detection, in which an overcurrent protective fuse and a signal fuse capable of performing a function under various conditions in order to protect a circuit are integrated. Thus, it is possible to protect the circuit even in states such as overvoltage, a high temperature, a low temperature, and other dangerous states in addition to an overcurrent state and a short-circuited state. In addition, it is possible to reduce a wide design space and design cost which result from various kinds of fuses being used in series, and to simplify a circuit configuration. Consequently, since circuit resistance is reduced, it is possible to have a positive influence on a battery.

Abstract: A circuit to protect an overvoltage in a universal serial bus (USB) device include an overvoltage protection (OVP) switch connected to a pin of a USB receptacle and a switch controller to turn off the OVP switch when an overvoltage is detected such that power between the pin and the USB device is interrupted. The switch controller supplies a control signal to the OVP switch such that the OVP switch has a first on-resistance when the USB device is operating in a normal mode and no overvoltage is detected, and has a second on-resistance, higher than the first on-resistance, when the USB device is operating in a low-power mode and no overvoltage is detected.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a protection circuit is a protection circuit for protecting an output driver element from overheat, and includes a measurer configured to measure, as a measurement value, a value proportional to a supply power amount to the output driver element, an estimator configured to estimate a temperature rise amount of the output driver element corresponding to the supply power amount, on a basis of the measurement value, a detector configured to detect an ambient temperature of the output driver element, and a determiner configured to determine whether a temperature obtained by adding the temperature rise amount estimated to the ambient temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold temperature, and to output a cutoff instruction signal for the output driver element.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to detection of a broken conductor in an electric power system. In one embodiment, a broken conductor detector may be configured to be mounted to an electrical conductor and may comprise a communication subsystem configured to transmit a signal configured to indicate that the conductor is broken. A sensor may determine a plurality of vectors. A processing subsystem may be configured to receive the plurality of vectors from the sensor and to identify when the vector is outside of a range defined by a threshold value. The processing subsystem may determine that the conductor is falling based on the plurality of vectors remaining outside of the threshold for a period of time determined by the timer subsystem. A signal may be transmitted by the communication subsystem to indicate that the conductor is falling.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an intermediate transfer surface includes depositing an array of etch stops on a conductive surface, etching the conductive surface to form mesas of the conductive surface separated by gaps, and coating the mesas with a dielectric coating. A method of performing microassembly includes forming an assembly of particles on an assembly plane, providing an intermediate transfer surface having an array of electrodes, applying a bias to the intermediate transfer surface to form an electrostatic field between the assembly plane and the intermediate transfer surface, and moving the intermediate transfer surface towards the assembly surface until the electrostatic field strength is strong enough to cause transfer of the assembly to the intermediate transfer surface.

Abstract: According to an embodiment(s), a current detection circuit has first and second main electrodes, a vertical structure output transistor that includes a first control electrode where a control signal is supplied thereto, a third main electrode that is connected to the first main electrode, a second control electrode that is connected to the first control electrode, and a vertical structure detection transistor that has a fourth main electrode. The current detection circuit has a voltage supply circuit that supplies a divided voltage of a voltage between the first and second main electrodes to the fourth main electrode.

Abstract: An over-current protection device includes first and second electrodes and a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) multilayered structure disposed between the first and second electrodes. The PTC multilayered structure includes a first polymer layer that is bonded to the first electrode, an intermediate layered unit that is bonded to said first polymer layer and that includes a second polymer layer, a third polymer layer that is bonded to and disposed between the intermediate layered unit and the second electrode. The first, second and third polymer layers respectively have first, second and third volume resistances, the second volume resistance being higher than the first and third volume resistances.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electrostatic discharge circuit and a method for preventing malfunctions of an integrated circuit due to a reverse connection of a power source. The electrostatic discharge circuit includes at least one MOSFET for providing an electrostatic discharging current path, and a control circuit coupled to the at least one MOSFET. When an external power supply is reversely connected, the control circuit is configured to change a potential of a body of at least one MOSFET, such that the at least one MOSFET is turned off, thereby preventing the integrated circuit from malfunctioning caused by a current generated by the reverse connection of the external power source flowing through the at least one MOSFET.

Abstract: A DC circuit breaker capable of blocking a fault current flowing through a DC line when a fault occurs in the DC line is proposed. The DC circuit breaker includes a main switch connected to a first DC line at one end and connected to a second line at the other end; a first circuit unit connected in parallel to the main switch; and n second circuit units each connected in parallel to the main switch, wherein the first circuit unit is composed of a series connection of an inductor, a first capacitor and a first switch, the inductor or the first capacitor being connected to the first DC line and the first switch being connected to the second DC line.

Abstract: Implementations of conductive energy weapons (CEWs) may include a shock generating circuit configured to couple to a power source, two electrodes operatively coupled to the shock generating circuit, and a safety circuit operatively coupled to the shock generating circuit. The shock generating circuit may be configured to generate a first pulse train and deliver the first pulse train to a target, and may be configured to generate at least a second pulse train and deliver the at least second pulse train to a target. The safety circuit may be configured to prevent the CEW from applying pulse trains to the target after a predetermined number of pulse trains. The first pulse train may include two or more pulses having waveforms substantially identical with each other, each of the waveforms of the two or more pulses having both a positive voltage segment and a negative voltage segment.

Abstract: This application discloses a driving device for a power device. It includes a detection module, coupled to the power device, configured to detect the overcurrent status of the power device; a drive module, respectively coupled to the detection module and the power device, configured to regulate the power device according to the detection result of the detection module; wherein, when the detection result is that the power device is in the first overcurrent state, the drive module is configured to cause the power device to enter the first protection mode that is softly turned off and does not respond to the system switching signal; when the detection result is that the power device is in the second overcurrent state, the drive module is configured to cause the power device to enter a second protection mode that is softly turned off but responds to a system switching signal; wherein the overcurrent degree in the first overcurrent state is higher than that of the second overcurrent state.

Abstract: An intelligent electronic device (IED) may obtain a residual flux of each phase of a transformer. The IED may determine a maximum difference (DIF) signal based on the residual flux and the prospective flux associated with potential close POWs of the corresponding phase. The TED may select a closing POW that results in a minimum DIF signal. The TED may send a signal to close a ganged switching device of the transformer at a time based on the selected closing POW.