Abstract: In devices for the production of a reaction mixture, which forms a foamed plastic, from at least two reaction components and a foaming agent, it is possible to determine the content of foaming agent in a reaction component mixed therewith in that an intermediate container is provided for this mixture. The intermediate container is provided with a circulating line in which are arranged a circulating pump and a temperature-compensating viscometer. Optionally, the foaming agent content can be automatically adjusted to the theoretical value via a computer and pulse lines by influencing the drive means of the dosing pumps for the respective reaction component and the foaming agent.

Abstract: A vertical reactor system having a plurality of substantially vertically aligned reaction compartments one on top of the other, the reactant materials (and catalyst and solvent, if desired), flowable from a first top compartment through intermediate compartments, if any, to a bottom compartment from which a desired product of a reaction of the reactant materials is withdrawn, the compartments having inlets for the addition of additional reactants, catalysts, or solvents and outlets for withdrawing by-products, vapors, and water from any compartment, and processes for producing products using such a system. In one embodiment the product is a liquid epoxy resin. Stirring impellers may be provided in any compartment. A liquid seal may be provided on a shaft for the impellers and, in one embodiment the seals in each compartment may be elevated above the liquid in the compartments.

Abstract: A fluidized bed system in which a plate is disposed in an enclosure and is adapted to support particulate material. A nozzle is supported by the plate for receiving air and water and directing the air and water and into the particulate material to fluidize and cool same.

Abstract: An injection port for injecting a sample, an accumulation portion for accumulating the injected sample having a reagent carrier enclosed, a flow passage portion, having a light receiving element at a measuring position located halfway thereof, for passing a reaction fluid having reacted with the reagent in the accumulation portion therethrough, a micro-pump having a feed action of the sample fluid within the flow passage portion and which is a heat generating element provided near a nozzle downstream of the measuring position of the flow passage portion are formed integrally and intensively as a cartridge by a producing method including a semiconductor fabrication process.

Abstract: Apparatus for coating the surface of an object with a coating material are disclosed. The apparatus comprise a vacuum chuck assembly suitable for holding the object to be coated in a downward, i.e., inverted position, and a coating material applicator movably positioned beneath the vacuum chuck assembly to traverse the surface of the object in a generally parallel direction to the surface. The vacuum chuck assembly provides a means for temperature control as well as a means for establishing a vacuum for holding the object in the inverted position.

Abstract: A fluid solid-contacting device eliminates the accumulation of deposits behind distribution collection conduits, reduces the differential expansion between the conduits and a containment vessel, and improves fluid distribution by extending the perforations into a back side of a distribution conduit that abuts the vessel. This apparatus has greatest application to scallop-shaped conduits that are commonly used in radial flow reactors. The perforations, extended into the back side of the scallop, ventilate the area between the scallop and the vessel holding the scallops.

Abstract: A system for coulometric TCO.sub.2 analysis wherein a sample bottle is pressurized by a head space gas having a CO.sub.2 composition which approximates the dissolved CO.sub.2 concentration in the sample. The head space gas transfers to sample to a pipette. The sample is then transferred to a stripper where the sample is degassed. Two carrier gas lines flush the stripper and transfer the CO.sub.2 to a coulometer.

Abstract: A method and A multi-ejector type of system for efficiently purifying the polluted poisonous exhaust gas, which is inevitably generated from the progress of work of the manufactories of various kinds. This multi-ejector type of system comprises a pre-processing part and a post-processing part. The former part preliminarily removes dust from the exhaust gas and causes the temperature of the exhaust gas to be reduced to a predetermined degree, while the latter part neutralizes and washes the exhaust gas, which has been processed in the former part, so as to cause the pollutants to be completely removed from the exhaust gas. Here, the former part is connected to the latter part through a plurality of pipe lines. This multi-ejector type of system has a such simple construction that it is run on a small scale and is inexpensive and this makes the system be easily equipped without expensive burdensome.

Abstract: A continuous polymerization method for laurolactam which has three stages. A prepolymerization process include steps of preliminarily heating laurolactam with 1 to 10% weight of water added, thereafter continuously feeding and passing the laurolactam from the upper part of the lower part of the longitudinal-type polymerization reaction zone, arranging a temperature decreasing gradient of 10.degree. C. or more than the upper part to the lower part directions at a polymerization temperature of 250.degree. and 300.degree. C. in the polymerization zone, and polymerizing the laurolactam under vapor pressure up to a conversion rate of 99.5% or more. A intermediate process has a step of releasing pressure from the prepolymerization product from the prepolymerization process for conversion into an intermediate product at atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A high temperature heat exchanger having an improved support apparatus for suspending a tube bundle. The improved support comprises a skirt from which the tube sheet and the bundle are supported, and a lip on an upper end of the skirt engaged in a flange assembly receiving the lip. A first refractory lining on an inside face of the skirt extends downwardly from the lip, and overlaps a second refractory lining on an outside surface of the skirt extending upwardly from adjacent the tube sheet toward the lip. By securing the support apparatus in the cold flange assembly, the interior refractory is not used for supporting the tube bundle and can maintain its integrity, have a lower incidence of premature failure and yield an optimum refractory life.

Abstract: A catalyst-bed radial gas-flow reactor system is disclosed utilizing a generally cylindrical catalyst bed located in an annualar area between an outer reactor shell and a generally coaxially located displacement member; wherein the gas flow through the reactor is optimized to extend catalyst life by including a non-cylindrical section in at least a portion of the displacement cylinder, and the gas-supply duct entering the reactor shell has baffling arranged to equalize flow velocities across the reactor diameter.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and an arrangement for continuously producing a rubber base compound and a rubber end compound in a single stage for vehicle tires, drive belts, conveyor belts as well as for industrial rubber products. The rubber base compound and the rubber end compound are produced continuously in one and the same mixing arrangement which includes a twin-screw extruder.

Abstract: In connection with an automated peptide synthesizer, an apparatus and associated method through which peptides produced in simultaneous multiple synthesis are together isolable. Cleavage to liberate the peptides from linkage to the support matrix of the solid phase is carried out in the same vessels in which the synthesizing reactions took place. Prior to cleavage, a drainage port of each reaction vessel is closed off by a cap. The reaction vessel is inserted into a centrifuge tube, which in turn is put into a rack supporting a number of tubes equal to the number of channels of the peptide synthesizing apparatus. After the peptides are cleaved and dissolved into cleaving solution added into each of the reaction vessels, the caps are removed from the drainage ports of each reaction vessel, and the vessel is returned into the centrifuge tube. A plastic jet-fitting attached to the nozzle tip of a blow unit pressure gun is inserted into and pressed into contact against the supply opening of the reaction vessel.

Abstract: A novel control system is provided to control the liquid levels in a reactor-flasher combination used particularly for the carbonylation of methanol to acetic acid. Liquid level control is achieved by proportional controllers or other controllers which do not continuously seek zero off-set from the desired level and which proportionally change the liquid flow rates from the respective reactor and flasher. An adjustment can be made to the level controllers to change the liquid flow rates by a function generator which adjusts the flow rate, according to an empirically derived function which correlates changes in methanol feed rate to liquid flow rates from the reactor and flasher.

Abstract: A catalytic distillation structure comprises a plurality of corrugated vertically disposed catalyst containing elements separated by inert spacing elements. The catalyst containing elements each comprise two layers of gas permeable material, such as wire mesh, joined together at regularly spaced intervals to form a single sheet having pockets disposed on the surface. A particulate catalyst is disposed within the pockets. The catalyst within the pockets provides a reaction zone where catalytic reactions may occur and the gas permeable sheets provide mass transfer surfaces to effect a fractional distillation. The spacing elements allow for a variation of the catalyst density and loading.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for producing a molded article of a foamed thermoplastic resin and articles produced thereby. A molten mass of an expandable thermoplastic resin is accumulated in an accumulator while it is prevented from foaming. A quantity of the accumulated formable melt is extruded through a die orifice having a shape adapted to reflect the shape of the desire finished product. The extruded foamable melt commences foaming as it comes in contact with the atmosphere. As the extruded thermoplastic resin foams, it is pulled vertically downward from the die orifice by gravity. The downward-hanging, foamed, thermoplastic material is captured between the halves of a vertically-oriented mold before the foaming expansion of the foamable melt has been completed. The foamed thermoplastic material is compressed by the vertically-oriented mold into the desired shape.

Abstract: In the production of a reaction mixture which forms plastic material, in particular foamed plastic material, from at least two flowable reaction components, the inlet members or other switch-over members which must be switched over in a precise fashion, and controlled by a sliding valve comprising a slide which is assigned a restoring spring which operates in opposition to a moving electromagnet, and a holding electromagnet. First, the holding electromagnet is fully activated whereupon the moving electromagnet is activated. Following the build-up of force of the moving electromagnet, the holding electromagnet is switched off so that the inlet member or other switch-over member opens abruptly.

Abstract: An apparatus for dissolving dry polymer particles in water consisting of a bin which contains the powdered polymer, a feeding means for the delivery of the polymer to a vortex chamber, a feed line for the delivery of water into the vortex chamber, an eductor, a centrifugal pump and a tank which contains an agitator.

Abstract: The present invention provides a wet-processing apparatus comprising a chamber having a working space, means for wet processing in the working space, means for supplying nitrogen gas in fluid communication with the chamber, a nitrogen gas outlet located in a wall of the chamber, means for cleaning nitrogen gas by removing contaminants mixed therewith located in an area of the chamber downstream of the working space and upstream of the nitrogen gas outlet and having a contaminated gas inlet and a treated gas outlet in fluid communication with the chamber, means for diverting gas in the chamber located downstream of the treated gas outlet and upstream of the nitrogen gas supplying means, the means for diverting gas having a first position providing egress of treated gas from the chamber through the nitrogen gas outlet while inhibiting fluid communication to other parts of the chamber and a second position permitting fluid communication and recirculation of the treated gas to other parts of the chamber while pre

Abstract: In an automated solid-phase peptide synthesizing apparatus comprising at least one reaction vessel containing particulate resin as an insoluble support matrix which anchors elongating peptide chains yielded through coupling-assembly formation of peptide bonds, mixing agitation of reagents, as well as circulation agitation of washing solvents flushing the coupling-associated reaction solutions, introduced in peptide chain-assembly process steps into the reaction vessel, is effected by the bubbling of an inert gas forcibly passed through the reagents or washing solvent via a drainage port of the reaction vessel, in order to promote peptide synthesis. A removable agitation stabilizer is inserted into the reaction vessel as a barrier for inhibiting extra-vessel escape, due to action of the bubbling inert gas, of the reagents as well as the washing solvents, and of the support matrix anchoring the elongating peptide chains.