Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of formulae (I), (II), and (III), which can be block copolymers with various substituents and side-chain groups. The side-chains can include semifluorinated alkyl- and PEG-derived groups. The block copolymers can be surface active block copolymers (SABCs) and can be used as antifouling coatings. Coating compositions employing the compounds of the invention and methods for their use are also provided.

Abstract: This invention is directed to methods of treating inorganic surfaces with aqueous compositions including ionic organosilicon compounds. Surprisingly, it has been found that the application of water soluble ionic organosilicon compounds, which until the present invention have only been used in small quantities to solubilize silanes, to inorganic surfaces provides the treated surface with an excellent hydrophobic property. The present invention exclusively utilizes ionic organosilicon compounds as the main or sole component for imparting water repellency upon surface treatment of inorganic substrates. The methods of the present invention comprise the application of ionic organosilicon compounds to inorganic surfaces whereby imparting water resistance to the substrate. After application, a treated surface may be characterized as having a long term water repellant property.

Abstract: A method for carrying out a chemical reaction between at least two reactants occupying separate phases within a multiphase reaction mixture has been discovered in which at least one phosphazenium salt is employed as a phase transfer catalyst. The remarkable utility of phosphazenium salts as phase transfer catalysts is illustrated by the preparation of aromatic ethers. The phosphazenium salt phase transfer catalysts are shown to be especially useful in the preparation of aromatic polyethers such as polyether sulfones.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for industrial production of trihydrocarbylborane which method is excellent both in quality and in cost. The present invention is concerned with production of trihydrocarbylborane, comprising a reaction synthesizing the trihydrocarbylborane and aluminum oxide from trihydrocarbylboroxine and trihydrocarbylaluminum, characterized in that the reaction is allowed to proceed so that the trihydrocarbylaluminum is present at the end of the reaction in an amount of 0.5 moles or more per mole of the aluminum oxide produced in the reaction.

Abstract: A method of co-producing vinyl acetate and ethyl acetate includes: (a) reacting ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen to form vinyl acetate and at least a minor amount of ethyl acetate; (b) providing a crude product stream containing the vinyl acetate and ethyl acetate of step (a) and acetic acid to a distillation tower; (c) separating the crude product stream into: (i) a vinyl acetate product stream enriched in vinyl acetate with respect to the crude product stream; (ii) an acid recycle stream enriched in acetic acid with respect to the crude product stream; (iii) a mixed sidestream containing vinyl acetate and ethyl acetate, the mixed sidestream being enriched in ethyl acetate with respect to the vinyl acetate product stream; and (d) hydrogenating vinyl acetate in the mixed sidestream to provide an ethyl acetate product stream.

Abstract: Silicas modified with groups of the general formula (I) RaSiR1bOc—??(I) where at least one of R or R1 is a >C3 hydrocarbon radical are useful in preparing stable dispersions of basic substances, the silica permitting a decrease in the shear viscosity h for a storage time of 1 week at room temperature (25° C.) to not more than 50% of the initial viscosity value, the viscosity being measured by means of cone/plate geometry with a shearing gap of 105 ?m and a shear rate of 0.5 s?1 at 25° C.

Abstract: A process is provided for reacting dichloromonophenyl phosphate and monochlorodiphenyl phosphate with aliphatic alcohol in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst and absence of solvent, at a temperature above 60 to 200° C. and pressure of 0.001 to 1.1 bara, and sparging the reaction mixture with an inert carrier gas if the pressure is above 0.67 bars. Mixtures of monoalkyl biphenyl phosphates and dialkyl monophenyl phosphates and use of such mixtures as a plasticizer and/or flame retardant, are also provided.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical-grade anhydrous calcipotriol comprising: (a) dissolving crude calcipotriol having a water content of X% by weight in a first solvent or in a mixture of two or more first solvents, said first solvent or said mixture of two or more first solvents forming an azeotropic system with water, to obtain a solution of crude calcipotriol; (b) obtaining an intermediate calcipotriol by (i) placing said solution of crude calcipotriol under a reduced pressure and evaporating, if X is greater than or equal to 1, or (ii) crystallizing, if X is lower than 1; and (c) re-dissolving said intermediate calcipotriol in a second solvent or a mixture of two or more second solvents, said second solvent being anhydrous, and crystallizing at least once to obtain pharmaceutical-grade anhydrous calcipotriol.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds which are useful as safe substitutes for the organotin reagent used in coupling reaction for the oxymethylation of aromatic rings, such as alkoxymethylation or hydroxymethylation, with a palladium catalyst and which can dispense with chromatographic purification with silica gel in the production and are suitable for mass production; and compounds applicable even to the oxymethylation of aromatic ring substrates which do not permit coupling reaction by conventional technique or have low reactivity.

Abstract: A promoter can have utility in selective heterogeneous oxidation of arylalkyl hydrocarbons such as, for example, cyclohexyl benzene and/or sec-butyl benzene to form hydroperoxides. The promoter can include the product of contacting a solid support comprising a metal oxide surface and an iron compound. The solid support can include, for example, titanium dioxide and/or an iron oxide such as magnetite and can have magnetic susceptibility. A method for the oxidation of arylalkyl hydrocarbons to form hydroperoxides can include contacting 16 an arylalkyl hydrocarbon with oxygen in the presence of the promoter under catalytic oxidation conditions to form arylalkyl hydroperoxide, which can then be converted to phenol via cleavage 26. The method can include recovery 22 of the promoter from the arylalkyl hydroperoxide and can further include recycling the recovered promoter to the contacting 16. Where the solid support has magnetic susceptibility, the recovery 22 can include magnetic separation of the promoter.

Abstract: In a synthesis of a borazine compound by a reaction of an alkali boron hydride represented by ABH4 (A represents lithium atom, sodium atom or potassium atom) and an amine salt represented by (RNH3)nX (R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, X represents a sulfate group or a halogen atom, and n is 1 or 2), or b) diborane (B2H6) and an amine represented by RNH2 (R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group), a water content of raw material is controlled below a prescribed value; mixed solvents containing solvents each having a prescribed boiling point are used as a solvent for reaction; or a raw material is gradually fed to a reactor in a reaction. Or, a borazine compound is subjected to distillation purification treatment and filtration treatment. By such a method, a high purity of borazine compound can be produced safely and in a high yield.

Abstract: The present invention provides branched polyalkylene glycols useful as a chemically modifying agent for physiologically active polypeptides, wherein two single-chain polyalkylene glycols are linked to a group having a cyclic structure other than a plane structure, and wherein a group having reactivity with an amino acid side chain, an N-terminal amino group or a C-terminal carboxyl group in a polypeptide or a group convertible into the group having reactivity is linked to the group having a structure other than a plane structure.

Abstract: An active or functional organic compound is solubilized in a phenylethyl ester, e.g. an aryl carboxylic ester of 2-phenylethyl alcohol, as a solvent, cosolvent or additive, to form a composition thereof. Representative active or functional organic compounds include personal care products, e.g. sunscreens containing UVA/UVB absorbing compounds, such as avobenzone and benzophenone-3. Such compositions also show increased critical wavelength and UVA/UVB absorbance ratio performance properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a fluorine-containing halide, comprising reacting a fluorine-containing sulfonyl halide or fluorine-containing disulfonyl chloride with a metal halide or metal component in the present or absence of a solvent. In accordance with the present invention, a fluorine-containing bromide, fluorine-containing iodide or fluorine-containing chloride can be readily produced in high yield at low cost, using an industrially advantageous process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of (bis)acylphosphanes of formula I, wherein n and m are each independently of the other 1 or 2; R1 if n=1, is e.g. unsubstituted or substituted C1-C18alkyl or C2-C18alkenyl, or phenyl, R1 if n=2, is e.g. a divalent radical of the monovalent radical defined above; R2 is e.g. C1-C18alkyl, C3-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, mesityl, phenyl, naphthyl; R3 is one of the radicals defined under R1; the process comprises the steps a) contacting e.g.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium compound of the present invention is a quaternary ammonium compound represented by general formula (I) or (I?) (wherein, A represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a hydroxyl group, or a branched alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and a hydroxyl group, R1 to R3 may be the same or different and represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, one of R4 to R8 represents CO2? or SO3?, while no more than three of the remaining R4 to R8 represent a group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group and an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and other R4 to R8 represent a hydrogen atom, one of R?4 to R?8 represents CO2H or SO3H, no more than three of the remaining R?4 to R?8 represent a group selected from a protected hydroxyl group and an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, while other R?4 to R?8 represent a hydrogen atom,

Abstract: This invention generally relates to processes for recovering solubilized noble metals from aqueous process streams, in particular, aqueous process streams generated in the preparation of an N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine product, for example, by noble metal-catalyzed oxidation of an N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid substrate. The process includes contacting the aqueous process stream with a noble metal adsorption media such as an ion exchange resin to remove solubilized noble metal from the process stream.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the co-manufacture of the hydrofluoroolefins HFC-1225ye and HFC-1234yf. The process comprises contacting a blend of 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane and 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane at a temperature of from about 200° C. to about 500° C. with a catalyst, optionally in the presence of an inert gas. The catalyst includes, but is not limited to, aluminum fluoride; fluorided alumina; metals on aluminum fluoride; metals on fluorided alumina; oxides, fluorides, and oxyfluorides of magnesium, zinc and mixtures of magnesium and zinc and/or aluminum; lanthanum oxide and fluorided lanthanum oxide; chromium oxides, fluorided chromium oxides, and cubic chromium trifluoride; carbon, acid-washed carbon, activated carbon, three dimensional matrix carbonaceous materials; and metal compounds supported on carbon.

Abstract: Novel cyclic and acyclic oxazaphospholanes are described, as well as their use in the synthesis of sphingomyelin and sphingomyelin analogous. The production of synthetic sphingomyelins is also described. 2S, 3R stereoisomers of oxazaphospholanes and sphingomyelins, and synthetic methods for their preparation are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for the synthesis of methyl mercaptan from hydrogen sulfide and methanol and to a process for preparing methyl mercaptans. The catalyst comprises active aluminum oxide on which an alkali metal tungstate and ammonium salts have been deposited.