Abstract: According to one embodiment, a plating apparatus for electroplating a substrate including a non-pattern area is provided. The plating apparatus includes a plating tank for holding the plating solution, an anode configured to be connected to a positive electrode of a power supply, and a paddle configured to move in the plating tank to stir the plating solution held in the plating tank. The paddle is configured such that at least a part of the non-pattern area of the substrate is constantly blocked when the paddle is viewed from the anode while the paddle is stirring the plating solution.

Abstract: This invention concerns a device for dissociating an aqueous phase to generate hydrogen gas, said device comprising: a first zone comprising said aqueous phase, a means of electron capture, a means for reducing protons, and an energy source, said device being characterized in that said means for proton reduction is a proton exchange interface with a front side facing said means of electron capture, and a back side, with only said back side of said proton exchange interface bearing at least one catalyst and/or at least one catalytic system.

Abstract: A platform technology that uses a novel membrane electrode assembly, including a cathode layer, an anode layer, a membrane layer arranged between the cathode layer and the anode layer, the membrane conductively connecting the cathode layer and the anode layer, in a COx reduction reactor has been developed. The reactor can be used to synthesize a broad range of carbon-based compounds from carbon dioxide and other gases containing carbon.

Abstract: An electroplating system for depositing a plating material on an object includes a pressure device and an anode element. The pressure device includes a lid having first and second through holes and a base having a chamber, conduction holes and third through holes located in the chamber. Each of the conduction tubes includes a conduction hole connecting to one of the third through holes. The lid covers the chamber, the first through holes communicate with the chamber for spraying an electroplating solution toward the object and the second through holes reveal the conduction holes. A passage of electric force line is formed in the connected holes and the third through holes filled with the electroplating solution, and the anode element is located outside the passage of electric force line. The electroplating system can prevent defective plating and enhance plating efficiency.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes a cathode and an anode disposed in a housing. Each of the cathode and anode portions extending radially outward from a region proximate a central axis of the housing. A surface area of an active surface of the anode is greater than a surface area of an internal surface of the housing. A surface area of an active surface of the cathode is greater than a surface area of an internal surface of the housing.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for generating hydrogen through the electrolysis of water, including an anodic compartment and a cathodic compartment separated by a solid polymeric electrolyte alkaline membrane. The anodic compartment includes a positive electrode or anode at least partially submerged in a layer of water, and the cathodic compartment includes a negative electrode or cathode. The cell is arranged between a first closing plate and a second closing plate. A tie-rod, provided in the central portion of the first closing plate, passes through the first closing plate, the cell and the second closing plate. A central collector for conveying the hydrogen generated in the cathodic compartment is arranged coaxially to the tie-rod and is in communication with the cathodic compartment through an opening formed in the tie-rod.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) cell comprising a working electrode chamber configured such that an electrolyte enters the working electrode chamber through a channel running through the working electrode.

Abstract: Various embodiments may include a method of electrochemical production of synthesis gas comprising: reducing carbon dioxide to a first product gas including carbon monoxide in a carbon dioxide electrolysis cell; splitting water to generate a second product gas including hydrogen in a water electrolysis cell; delivering at least one catholyte from the group consisting of: a first catholyte from the carbon dioxide electrolysis cell and a second catholyte from the water electrolysis cell, into a gas scrubbing apparatus; and removing non-reduced carbon dioxide from the first product gas in the gas scrubbing apparatus using the at least one catholyte as an absorbent.

Abstract: In one aspect, an apparatus includes a plating cell, a degassing device configured to remove oxygen from the plating solution prior to the plating solution flowing into the plating cell; an oxidation station configured to increase an oxidizing strength of the plating solution after the plating solution flows out of the plating cell; and a controller. The controller includes program instructions for causing a process that includes operations of: reducing an oxygen concentration of the plating solution where the plating solution contains a plating accelerator; then, contacting a wafer substrate with the plating solution having reduced oxygen concentration and electroplating a metal such that the electroplating causes a net conversion of the accelerator to a less-oxidized accelerator species within the plating cell; then increasing the oxidizing strength of the plating solution causing a net re-conversion of the less-oxidized accelerator species back to the accelerator outside the plating cell.

Abstract: An electrochemical water treatment apparatus includes a treatment chamber formed by at least one wall and having an opening formed along the side for substantially the length of the treatment chamber, with a mounting plate applied to the opening. A set of cathodes and anodes are mounted to the mounting plate and positioned inside the chamber, each of the anodes having at least one cathode positioned on each of the two sides of the respective anode. At least two anode bus bars and two cathode bus bars are provided, each bus bar connectable to the power supply and connected to the respective electrodes near a respective end of the electrodes. An inlet adapter has a smaller cross sectional area at the first end connected to the treatment chamber inlet end, and a larger cross sectional area at the opposite end connected to the source of water to be treated.

Abstract: A differential pressure type high pressure water electrolysis apparatus includes a seal member, which is sandwiched between a cathode side separator and a membrane electrode assembly, and surrounds a cathode electrode catalyst layer, and a pressure resistant member surrounding the seal member from an outer side thereof. A surface pressure applying member is interposed between the seal member and the pressure resistant member. The surface pressure applying member receives a pressing force from the seal member, and applies pressure to the membrane electrode assembly.

Abstract: Printhead for a 3D manufacturing system that uses metal electrodeposition to construct parts; embodiments utilize a grid of anodes to achieve high quality parts with features that may be small and detailed. To support grids with thousands or millions of anodes, the printhead may use matrix control with row and column drivers similar to display backplanes. Unlike display backplanes where the design goal is to display images using minimal current, the printhead may be optimized for high current density for fast electrodeposition, and for anode longevity. Current density may exceed 1000 mA per cm-squared, at least an order of magnitude greater than that of display backplanes. Anode longevity may be enhanced by using relatively large anodes compared to the grid pitch of the printhead, by lengthening the conductive paths through anodes, or both. Embodiments may be constructed by adding anode and insulation layers on top of matrix-controlled switching circuits.

Abstract: A reduced iron production method using an electrowinning method and reduced iron is provided. The method includes, preparing a mixture by mixing, a solid electrolyte containing sodium peroxide (Na2O2) and boron oxide (B2O3), with iron oxide (Fe2O3); and putting the mixture in an electrowinning device provided with an anode and an insoluble cathode and heating to form a molten oxide and then applying a voltage to the anode and the cathode to form iron on the cathode. Therefore, by reducing iron oxide through an electrowinning method, a reduced iron in a pure iron state can be obtained. Although it is very difficult to obtain pure iron by refining an iron ore, by using the electrowinning method in which the composition of an electrolyte is controlled and electrolysis conditions are controlled, reduced iron that is pure can be obtained.

Abstract: A spacer for an electrolyzer cell of substantially annular shape comprises: a peripheral part having two parallel principal faces opposite each other, the distance separating the two principal faces defining a thickness of the spacer, and an internal part having a thickness strictly less than the thickness of the spacer, the peripheral part and the internal part being in one piece and connected to each other forming an internal annular shoulder so that the internal part has a substantially annular intermediate face extending in a plane parallel to the two principal faces of the peripheral part and situated between the two principal faces.

Abstract: An anode clamp configured for clamping an anode rod to an anode bus, the anode clamp comprising a first rotating mechanism and a second rotating mechanism. The first rotating mechanism is configured to be rotated by a user and is in contact with the second rotating mechanism. When the first rotating mechanism is rotated, it causes the second rotating mechanism to rotate. The second rotating mechanism as a pawl which is configured for being rotated downwards to apply pressure on an anode rod located below the pawl.

Abstract: A plating device comprising: a water tank into which a plating solution is poured; a tubular nozzle being disposed in the water tank and serving as an anode; a to-be-plated object being disposed in the water tank so as to be opposed to the nozzle and serving as a cathode; a direct-current power source to apply a voltage between the nozzle and the to-be-plated object; and a pump to circulate the plating solution such that the plating solution poured into the water tank passes through the nozzle and is ejected onto the to-be-plated object. A perforated plate member, which includes a through-hole having a smaller diameter than the inside diameter of the nozzle, is arranged on the inflow side of the nozzle such that the through-hole is opposed to an open region of the nozzle.

Abstract: An electrodes/electrolyte assembly and a method for the direct amination of hydrocarbons, and a method for the preparation of said electrodes/electrolyte assembly is disclosed. The presented Solution allows the increase of conversion of said amination to above 60%, even at low temperatures. The electrodes/electrolyte assembly for direct amination of hydrocarbons has: an anode, electrons and protons conductor, that includes a composite porous matrix, containing a ceramic fraction and a catalyst for the amination at temperatures lower than 450° C.; a porous cathode, electrons and protons conductor, and electrocatalyst; an electrolyte, protons or ions conductor and electrically insulating, located between the anode and the cathode, made of a composite ceramic impermeable to reagents and products of the amination.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling heat loss from an electrolytic cell in a smelting process using an adjustable fluid passage to control the heat loss from a preferred area of the electrolytic cell side walls based on operating conditions in the electrolytic cell, and to direct the waste heat from the electrolytic cell side walls back into the electrolytic cell.

Abstract: A substrate attachment/detachment device which clamps and holds a substrate by means of first and second retaining members of a substrate holder, the device comprising a first holder retainer configured to hold the first retaining member in a first posture; and a second holder retainer configured to be movable in a linear manner toward and away from the first holder retainer, capable of holding the second retaining member in the first posture and a second posture which is substantially orthogonal to the first posture, configured to push the second retaining member against the first retaining member in the first posture to lock the first and second retaining members to each other.