Abstract: The present invention is related to a method and apparatus of radiation processing of a product package in a device having a radiation source, a collimator having a variable aperture, and a turntable, said radiation processing resulting in a point in the product package where the dose is minimal (Dmin point) and a point in said product package where the dose is maximal (Dmax point) comprising the steps of: determining a first value of the collimator aperture, by increasing said aperture from a small value, where the Dmax point is located near the centre of the product package, up to a value where the Dmax point moves near to the centre of a small side of said package's rectangular horizontal cross-section; determining a second value of the collimator aperture, by further increasing the collimator aperture up to a point where the Dmin point moves from a point near the corner of the product package to the centre of said package; processing said package with radiation, the collimator aperture being kept at a

Abstract: In a method for producing an x-ray image, during two time-separated examination dates, a first x-ray image and a second x-ray image of a body region of an organism are respectively generated. The x-ray image datasets associated with the two x-ray images are subtracted from one another, so that a further image dataset ensues. Subsequently, the image information of the image dataset is emphasized and superimposed with the image information of the second x-ray image dataset.

Abstract: An apparatus for obtaining tomosynthesis data of an object (5) comprises a radiation source (1) emitting radiation (2) centered around an axis of symmetry (3); a radiation detector (6) comprising a stack of line detectors (6a), each being directed towards the divergent radiation source to allow a ray bundle (b1, . . . , bn, . . . , bN) of the radiation that propagates in a respective one of a plurality of different angles (?1, . . . , ?n, . . . , ?N) to enter the line detector; an object area arranged in the radiation path between the divergent radiation source and the radiation detector for housing the object; and a device (7) for moving the radiation source and the radiation detector relative the object essentially linearly in a direction (8) essentially orthogonal to the axis of symmetry, while each of the stack of line detectors is adapted to record a plurality of line images of radiation as transmitted through the object in a respective one of the plurality of different angles.

Abstract: A method and system for physiological gating is disclosed. A method and system for detecting and predictably estimating regular cycles of physiological activity or movements is disclosed. Another disclosed aspect of the invention is directed to predictive actuation of gating system components. Yet another disclosed aspect of the invention is directed to physiological gating of radiation treatment based upon the phase of the physiological activity. Gating can be performed, either prospectively or retrospectively, to any type of procedure, including radiation therapy or imaging, or other types of medical devices and procedures such as PET, MRI, SPECT, and CT scans.

Abstract: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy systems and methods are provided. One system includes a source of x-ray radiation and an excitation optic disposed between the x-ray radiation source and the sample for collecting x-ray radiation from the source and focusing the x-ray radiation to a focal point on the sample to incite at least one analyte in the sample to fluoresce. The system further includes an x-ray fluorescence detector and a collection optic comprising a doubly curved diffracting optic disposed between the sample and the x-ray fluorescence detector for collecting x-ray fluorescence from the focal point on the sample and focusing the fluorescent x-rays towards the x-ray fluorescence detector.

Abstract: This invention is mainly to provide a dental x-ray clamping device with a multi-orientation support made up with an attachable ring pivot and a supporting-frame pivot, which is designed for an all-purpose modulized raying clamp with simplified members in design, in which the ring pivot is provided with a pivoting ring, while the supporting-frame pivot is provided with a pivoting supporting bite frame, and only the supporting bite frame is pivoted to an opening side of a supporting orientation and combined with the ring pivot easily pivoting at a required angle of rotation so as to be located at an orientation so that the center of the ring aligns with that of the opening side of the supporting bite frame and further that the x-ray operation can be performed at the case of the teeth diagnosis or the endodontic treatment using each orientational support on the teeth.

Abstract: A radiation diaphragm for an X-ray apparatus has an absorber element that can be swiveled around a swiveling axis for the variable limitation of a ray bundle. The swiveling axis is oriented transversely to the ray bundle. A swivel arm that can be swiveled around the swiveling axis and that carries the absorber element. The absorber element can comprise a curved shape. Such a radiation diaphragm allows an especially effective radiation dose limitation for the patient.

Abstract: A radiological image detection system capable of cooperating with a scanning X-ray generator designed to produce X-ray radiation scanning a surface to be imaged. The scanning X-ray radiation irradiates, portion after portion, the surface to be imaged. The X-ray radiation from a portion carries a radiological image of the portion. The detection system includes an image sensor that is stationary with respect to the scanning and dimensioned to acquire an image of the entire surface to be imaged by the X-ray radiation from the portions. In addition, the detection system includes a mechanism to limit, at a given time, the acquisition of the image sensor to that of the image of the portion irradiated at that given time, the limitation mechanism being in synchronism with the scanning and in geometrical correspondence with the irradiated portion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a collimator assembly defined by a series of multi-piece collimator elements or plates that extend along at least one dimension of a scintillator pack. Each collimator element has a collimating component and a shielding component that are structurally independent from one another. The collimating components may be connected to the shielding components or separated by a small air gap. The shielding components are wider than the collimating components but the collimating components have a greater height. With this construction, the collimator assembly optimizes collimation and shielding with lower material requirements and reduced overall size.

Abstract: A radiographic apparatus includes a bed having a top board on which an object is to be placed, a radiation image detector for detecting intensity distribution of radiation transmitted through the object, and a supporting part arranged on the top board for supporting the radiation image detector at least at a position beneath the top board.

Abstract: A computed tomography (CT) system comprises an X-ray radiation source to project a plurality of X-ray beams through an object and a detector array comprising a plurality of detector assemblies. Each of the detector assembly further comprises a detector subassembly adapted to detect the X-ray beams and further adapted to convert the X-ray beams to a plurality of electrical signals and at least one integrated circuit array, for example, data acquisition chip array to acquire data corresponding to the electrical signals. The integrated circuit array, for example, data acquisition chip array further comprises a plurality of integrated circuits, such as, data acquisition chips mounted on at least one printed circuit board and a thermal management system adapted for thermal communication between the data acquisition chip array and a heat sink assembly to control thermal environment of each detector assembly.

Abstract: The projection lithographic method for producing integrated circuits and forming patterns with extremely small feature dimensions includes an illumination sub-system (36) for producing and directing an extreme ultraviolet soft x-ray radiation ? from an extreme ultraviolet soft x-ray source (38); a mask stage (22) illuminated by the extreme ultraviolet soft x-ray radiation ? produced by illumination stage and the mask stage (22) includes a pattern when illuminated by radiation ?. A protection sub-system includes reflective multilayer coated Ti doped high purity SiO2 glass defect free surface (32) and printed media subject wafer which has a radiation sensitive surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-energy X-ray imaging device that is suitable for precise medical diagnosis and capable of enhancing the accuracy of nondestructive examinations. The high-energy X-ray imaging device of the present invention includes an electron-circulating type high luminance X-ray generator and a two-dimensional X-ray detector that is sensitized for high-energy X-rays. The electron-circulating type X-ray generating device consists of a tinytarget together with a LINAC or microtron injector and a synchrotron. The synchrotron stores electrons, and electrons are bombarded against a tinytarget placed on the electron orbit to generate high-energy X-rays. The means to sensitize the two-dimensional X-ray detectors consists of a thin film made of lead or other heavy elements. This thin film is placed in front of and in close contact with the two-dimensional detector, such as X-ray film. The X-ray image thus generated is a transmissive image.

Abstract: A method for inspecting a golf ball comprising the steps of providing a golf ball comprising a core and a cover; providing at least one flat reference marker; abutting the golf ball against at least one marker; rotating the golf ball about a single axis; capturing an x-ray image of the golf ball and marker; and determining the eccentricity of the golf ball.

Abstract: A method and device for sampling a fragment of tissue in which a contrast medium is injected into an organ to be examined and highlights parts containing that contrast medium in an image obtained by emitting a beam of X-rays. At least one pair of radiographic images is captured from a first position and a second position of an X-ray emitter during a phase of increasing attenuation due to the contrast medium. A specific area is identified from the pair of images in which a tissue fragment is to be sampled. The images of the pair of images are combined to determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the specific area.

Abstract: A system and method for high-speed radiographic inspection of fluid transport vessels in which a radiation source and a radiation detector are positioned on opposite sides of the outside surface of the vessel. A positioning system is provided for moving and locating the radiation source and radiation detector longitudinally with respect to the vessel and for moving the radiation source and radiation detector circumferentially with respect to the vessel. In operation, the positioning system causes the radiation source and radiation detector to spiral along the vessel in a coordinated manner while the radiation source illuminates an adjacent region of the vessel with radiation. The radiation is converted into corresponding electrical signals used to generate images of objects in the radiation path. Finally, an operator inspects the images for defects.

Abstract: A detector module for an X-ray computed tomography apparatus has a sensor array composed of a number of sensor elements that is mounted on a front side of a printed circuit board. In order to enhance the precision of the detector, at least one heating element for heating the sensor array is provided at the backside of the printed circuit board facing away from the sensor array.

Abstract: Grid arrangement (1) for use with an X-ray apparatus (70) that is provided with an X-ray source and a recording element, it being possible, in operation, to place the grid arrangement (1) against the recording element and the grid arrangement being equipped to accommodate a flat grid (3) that comprises a multiplicity of elongated thin lamellae. The lamellae are placed essentially parallel to one another in a direction parallel to one surface of the grid (3), and the lamellae are oriented towards a focal axis a specific distance above the surface of the grid (3). The grid arrangement (1) further comprises drive means (8) which are equipped to move the grid (3) in a pendulum movement essentially about an axis of rotation and adjustment means (4, 10) for adjusting the axis of rotation of the pendulum movement to match the focal axis of the grid (3).

Abstract: An open beam x-ray diffraction system and method are provided including modular x-ray heads for being detachably connected to a base unit having a common drive assembly that shifts the heads in an arcuate path during an x-ray diffraction measurement operation. The heads can be tailored to different performance criteria depending on the needs of the measurement operation that is to take place. To this end, one of the heads can be a microhead that is adapted to take measurements from otherwise difficult to access surfaces, such as on the inside of tubular parts. Enhancements to the drive assembly for improved accuracy and speed are also disclosed.

Abstract: A resist is on a substrate with a lower layer film between the resist and the substrate. The lower layer film includes chemical elements and the element absorbing the largest amount of x-rays is carbon. The thickness of the lower layer film is determined by considering the influences of secondary electrons from the substrate and the carbon of the lower layer film. The resist includes chlorine, or a similar element, having a specific absorption edge. Under such conditions, the average wavelength of x-rays absorbed in the resist is in a prescribed range. In this way, in x-ray exposure, blur caused by secondary electrons is suppressed using a wavelength region of relatively shorter wavelengths.