Abstract: An oxidative dehydrogenation process for a paraffin or mixture of paraffins having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms employing a catalyst composition comprising lithium and titanium. The selectivity of the catalyst composition may be improved by adding manganese to the catalyst composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing raw material containing small amount of quinoline-insoluble component for producing carbon material, comprising the steps of admixing a heavy oil of coal origin or of petroleum origin with an organic solvent having a boiling point of lower than 150.degree. C. and a surfactant which is soluble in the heavy oil and has de-foaming property and de-bubbling property, stirring the thus formed mixture gently with a motive power in a range of 0.5 to 50 watt/m.sup.3 of the mixture, subjecting the mixture to centrifugation thereby removing the solid impurities, and distilling the remaining liquid thereby removing the light fraction to obtain the raw material.

Abstract: Petroleum crudes, particularly heavy oil crudes produced by thermal or other enhanced recovery procedures, are treated to break the water-in-oil emulsion and reduce the BS&W content by use of additives, advantageously ammonium bisulfite, which act upon inorganic sulfur contained in the crude.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fertilizer composition in the form of a dry dosage unit intended to be dissolved in a watering water and thereby to adjust the water with regard to its pH and chlorine content, whereby the fertilizer comprises, besides mineral nutrients, two or polyvalent acids or acid salts for pH-adjustment and a water soluble thiosulphate for the reduction of chlorine present in the water.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of alcohols and/or ethers to diesel fuel hydrocarbon mixtures comprising contacting alcohols and/or ethers with large pore zeolites, such as rare-earth Y aluminosilicate under elevated pressures and temperatures below about 600.degree. F.

Abstract: The efficiency of acid catalyzed alkylation of alkanes with olefins is improved by conducting the alkylation in the presence of small amounts of a neo acid.

Abstract: Particulate solids and water are removed from petroleum crude to bring the BS&W content of the crude within pipeline specifications by treating a blended and dewatered crude to destabilize the water-in-oil emulsion of the crude and providing in uniform distribution through the treated crude both produced water and an acid-reacting coagulating agent while maintaining the crude at a pH of at least 8, then maintaining the resulting treated crude at 52.degree.-88.degree. C. for at least a few minutes, separating the treated crude into at least an oil phase and a water phase, and recovering the oil phase as a clean blended crude oil having a BS&W content within pipeline specifications and in a yield significantly greater than that which can be recovered without use of produced water and coagulating agent.

Abstract: A supported tungsten oxide or supported molybdenum oxide is treated with elemental tungsten, silicon or antimony. The composition is useful as a metathesis catalyst.

Abstract: Where gas flows through distribution nozzles and then up through a liquid or a bed of particles contained in a processing vessel, the method and apparatus of this invention can be used to maintain a minimum average pressure drop across the nozzles, thus preventing the occurrence of inactive nozzles and the consequences thereof.

Abstract: The overall yield from hydrogenation of coal is increased by following the method of the present invention according to which additional amounts of oil are released from the separated residue obtained in a vacuum distillation operation following the initial coal hydrogenation, in that a light oil fraction obtained during the initial coal hydrogenation and having a boiling point in the range between 35.degree. and 200.degree. C. is added to the residue to act as a solvent therefor, whereupon the solution is hydrogenated at a temperature in the range between 350.degree. and 450.degree. C. under a hydrogen pressure of 300 to 400 bar for 0.5 to 2 hours. The solvent advantageously includes alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatics, phenols or mixtures thereof having their boiling points within the above range. A catalyst selected from the series of transition metals may be added to further increase the oil yield from the hydrogenation of the residue.

Abstract: A process for alkylating toluene (or derivative thereof) with methanol to form e.g. styrene and ethylbenzene (or derivatives thereof) using a modified low sodium content zeolite catalyst composition is disclosed. The zeolite catalyst composition is exemplified by a type X- or Y-zeolite modified with potassium and cesium through a sequential exchange.

Abstract: The catalytic dehydrogenation of at least one dehydrogenatable organic compound which has at least one ##STR1## grouping is carried out in the presence of a zinc titanate hydrogel. The selectivity of the zinc titanate hydrogel may be improved by adding a promoter selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium.

Abstract: Method of removing arsenic in hydrocarbons such as LPG, wherein arsenic compounds in the gaseous hydrocarbon are reacted with a metal oxide catalyst and adsorbed on the catalyst and partially oxidized by the catalyst.

Abstract: A stabilized hydrocarbon fraction comprising toluene, xylene, sulfur and olefinic hydrocarbons is converted to benzene by (a) catalytic hydrodesulfuration, (b) hydrodealkylation and (c) catalytic hydrogenation.

Abstract: A catalyst suited for use in the sweetening of petroleum distillates (by oxidizing mercaptans to disulfides) which is formed of a metal complex of a polyaminoalkylpolycarboxylic acid deposited directly on a basic anion exchange resin. The method of making the source by exchanging a metal cation on an acidic resin; forming a complex by the action of a polyaminoalkylpolycarboxylic acid upon said resin; and exchanging the complex so formed on a basic anion exchange resin.

Abstract: A nonpolluting process for neutralizing corrosive acid components in the overheads of petroleum distillation units is disclosed. In the process, ammonia is added to said units and carried overhead. The overhead is condensed to yield hydrocarbon phase and an ammonia-containing aqueous phase. The aqueous phase is stripped to yield an ammoniacal steam that is returned to the distillation units and a substantially ammonia-free bottoms.

Abstract: An improved process and catalyst for economically converting carbo-metallic oils to lighter products. This process is practiced in accordance with effective metals management, carbon management and catalyst activity management combined with feed atomization-vaporization, efficient stripping of carbonaceous material from the coked catalyst, exothermic and endothermic removal of hydrocarbonaceous material to effectively maintain the RCC unit in heat balance. This reduced crude cracking process is practiced with a new and improved catalyst composition identified as RCCC-1 Special that is characterized by the following composition; at least 30 wt % rare earth exchanged "Y" faujasite crystalline zeolite with a silica to alumina ratio of at least 5 of a high lanthanum to cerium ratio and residual sodium content less than 0.30 wt %, is provided with a pore volume greater than 0.35 cc/gm. and comprises a clay matrix material that may or may not be acidic with pore size openings in the range of 500 to 2,000 angstroms.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon process equipment is protected against fouling by incorporating into the hydrocarbon being processed small amounts of a composition comprised of a dialkylhydroxylamine and a tertiary alkylcatechol.

Abstract: Passivated coprecipitated nickel-alumina catalysts are provided which require minimal reactivation treatment for use as primary steam reforming gasification catalysts and no reactivation treatment when used for catalyzing methanation reactions. The catalysts are prepared by conventional coprecipitation techniques but are calcined at temperatures in excess of 480.degree. C. and reduced at temperatures less than 600.degree.. Passivation is effected by conditioning at 175.degree. to 200.degree. C. in carbon dioxide.

Abstract: In an HF alkylation process, ASO is separated from HF acid catalyst in a fractionation zone by heating the fractionation zone with a condensible stream comprising liquid and vaporous components. In the process of condensation, latent heat is evolved which is used to effectuate the separation of ASO and HF acid catalyst and dilution of the separated ASO is achieved with the use of the produced condensate.