Abstract: A method and control system for a machining fluid pump in which the machining fluid is displaced by the pump to the machining site. The pump speed is controlled electrically, usually in response to a machining parameter or to a machining liquid parameter to minimize pumping of the liquid and heat rise therein.

Abstract: An improved electrolytic cell of the filter press type in which the electrode gap may initially be set and accurately maintained during assembly of the cell units is described. The cell units consist of a planar anode mounted in a peripheral anode frame, a planar cathode mounted in a peripheral cathode frame, a barrier, such as a diaphragm or membrane, positioned between the anode and cathode, a spacer member and at least one gasket member positioned between the edges of the anode and cathode frames. The total gasket width in an uncompressed state is greater than the thickness of the spacer member. Upon assembly of the unit, the gasket member is compressed forming a gas and liquid seal. The thickness of the spacer member determines the space between the anode and cathode frame members and, consequently, the space or gap between the anodes and cathodes mounted in the frame members.

Abstract: Pulses of a pulse duration not greater than 100 microseconds are applied by an electronic switch between a tool electrode having abrasive particles distributed over its surface and a workpiece across a polishing gap supplied with an electrolyte.

Abstract: A generator for oxyhydrogen gas comprises a plurality of flat metal electrodes mounted parallel with ring-like spacers between each pair of adjacent electrodes and bolts clamping the spacers and electrodes together to provide a sealed cell between each pair of electrodes within the periphery of the respective spacer. An inlet for electrolyte is connected to one outer cell and an outlet for the gas is connected to the outer cell. The electrodes are imperforate except for apertures adjacent the tops of the cells and in use a DC power source is connected across outer electrodes. The generator is of simple construction and achieves good cooling, high mechanical strength against internal explosions and ensures a minimal quantity of explosive gas in the upper regions of the cells.

Abstract: A monopolar filter press electrolytic cell for use in the electrolysis of alkali metal halide brine to produce cell liquor, halogen and hydrogen the cell comprising a plurality of anode plates and cathode plates and a hydraulically permeable diaphragm positioned between each adjacent anode plate and cathode plate, and comprising at least one spacing plate of a non-conducting material positioned between each anode plate and adjacent diaphragm and between each cathode plate and adjacent diaphragm, the anode plates, cathode plates and spacing plates being provided with at least two openings in the faces of the plates which in combination define a first compartment lengthwise of the cell separated from the second compartment, the spacing plates between the anode and adjacent diaphragm being provided with at least one passage which permits brine to pass between the first compartment and the anolyte compartments and which permits halogen to be released from the anolyte compartments to the first compartment, and the

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing rubbing surfaces of cast iron comprising a perlitic or ferritic basic structure or matrix and free graphite.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of halogens and alkali metal hydroxide by electrolysis of aqueous solution of alkali metal halides in a flowing mercury electrolysis cell wherein the salt solutions do not have to purified and to novel amalgam denuders and a mercury electrolytic cell plant without a salt purification step.

Abstract: Foam is produced electrolytically in a liquid having foaming tendencies through the use of closely spaced electrodes of opposite polarity that are disposed in substantially upright dispositions within the body of liquid being treated. The electrodes extend from a position deep within the body to a point at or above the surface of the body, and the electrodes are so formed or are associated with such other structure that bubbles generated within the columnar treating region between the electrodes cannot escape from the electrodes until reaching the surface of the liquid, thereby being confined and exposed to the electrodes throughout the full extent of travel by the bubbles to the surface. By regulating the position of the bubble outlet relative to the surface of the liquid, the characteristics of the foam produced from the bubble discharge may be varied, e.g.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell is provided for the electrochemical separation of selected metals from electrodissociatable compounds thereof in the molten state utilizing as electrode separator a plurality of solid electrolyte tubes which, under the influence of an electrical potential, are permeable to the flow of selected cations, but impermeable to fluids and the flow of anions and other cations. Means are provided with each tube for detecting the flow of molten metal from each solid electrolyte tube to a molten metal collection zone associated with the cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new form of brine flow meter necessary in metering brine to an electrolytic cell for the production of chlorine and caustic (sodium hydroxide). The flow meter is made advantageously of a plastic material resistant to the various pH ranges necessary for brine being fed to such an electrolytic cell with the additional advantage of clarity for visual observation of the flow rate and resistance qualities.

Abstract: Electrochemical, especially organo-electrochemical, reactions are carried out with improved current efficiency in a continuous-flow cell with the use of bipolar electrodes placed in a frame of non-conducting material, especially a polyolefin. Preferably, the electrically active part of the electrodes consists of glass-like carbon the cathode face of which is coated with a material reducing the hydrogen overvoltage, for example titanium carbide or tungsten carbide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a highly efficient reduction cell hood which utilizes an improved shield installation which is easily movable by hand thereby allowing for fewer shields which results in a corresponding decrease in the number of joints which must be sealed. The reduction cell hood of the present invention is constructed of a material which is capable of withstanding the operating temperatures of the electrolyte process without warping, buckling or other damage thereto.

Abstract: Deburring, polishing, surface forming and the like are carried out by electrochemical machining with conformable electrode means including an electrically conducting and an insulating web. The surface of the work to be processed is covered by a deformable electrically insulating web or cloth which is perforated and conforms with the work. The web is covered by a deformable perforated electrically conducting screen electrode which also conforms with, and is insulated from, the work by the insulating web. An electrolyte is conducted through the electrode and insulating web and along the work through a perforated elastic member which engages the electrode under pressure pressing the electrode and web against the work. High current under low voltage is conducted betwen the electrode and work through the insulator, removing material from the work.

Abstract: A fluid bed electrolysis cell and system are provided for efficiently extracting electroplatable metal ions from an electrolyte, the cell employed having preferably a plurality of anodes and cathodes concentrically disposed relative to each other, each of the anodes being partitioned from each of the cathodes by a porous diaphragm such as to define a plurality of anode chambers and cathode chambers. Each of the cathode chambers are adapted to support a fluidizable cathode bed of electrically conductive particulate material, e.g., powdered nickel, copper, and the like.

Abstract: Prior art electrolysis cells used for producing chlorine for sanitizing and sterilization purposes deteriorate due to accumulation of scale on the electrodes thereof. This problem is solved by an improved cell comprising an outer electrode having an in-facing surface which falls generally on a first cylindrical surface and an inner generally coaxial electrode having an out-facing surface which falls generally on a second cylindrical surface, the second cylindrical surface falling inward radially of the first cylindrical surface, the outer and inner electrodes being longitudinally coextensive for at least a substantial portion thereof. The inner and outer electrodes are rotated relative to one another. An abrading structure is mounted to one of the electrodes with an abrasive portion thereof in abrasive contact with the other of the electrodes. The abrading structure is electrically insulated from at least one of the electrodes.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolytic cell having an electrode assembly with a base plate, fingered electrodes electrically connected to, spaced from, and extending outwardly from the base plate, and defining valleys between adjacent electrodes. The electrodes have a synthetic separator on their surface. The electrode assembly also has a back screen at the bases of the electrodes which is spaced from and parallel to the base plate. The electrolytic cell is characterized by providing compressive means between each pair of electrodes. The compressive means bear upon the electrode unit and upon the laps of the synthetic separators on adjacent electrodes to form electrolyte-tight seals between the separators.

Abstract: A cell for electrowinning metal from a sulfate electrolyte includes insoluble anodes and cathodes, each anode being housed in an anolyte compartment defined by a flaccid sheath of porous membrane and means within each sheath for separating the sheath from the surfaces of the anode contained therein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for reducing magnetic disturbances in a series of very high intensity electrolysis cells. The device is characterized by the supply of an anode bus bar both through its two ends and through at least one central riser supplied from upstream cathode outputs and by a branch on the downstream cathode output rods of the preceding cell. Application is to the production of aluminum by electrolysis of alumina in molten cryolite.

Abstract: A replaceable cathode unit, suitable as a module for the building up of stable, non-deformable cathode systems in electrolyzers for the production of magnesium by melted salt electrolysis, is the form of a straight, longitudinal main cathode with active cathode side surfaces and two shorter transverse cathodes arranged approximately at right angles in relation to the main cathode. One transverse cathode is at the front end of the main cathode, and the other transverse cathode is at the back end of the main cathode.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of minimizing shunt currents in electrochemical devices which have a plurality of cells connected, at least in part, in series and which have an electrolyte which is a common electrolyte to at least two of the cells and which includes shared electrolyte, whereby an electrical electrolytic conductive bypass path is created around such cells and through said shared electrolyte, resulting in undesirable shunt currents. The method involves applying a protective current through at least a portion of said conductive bypass path through said shared electrolyte in a direction which is the same as the shunt current through said shared electrolyte and of a magnitude which effectively at least reduces said shunt currents. Thus, a single protective current is applied in series with at least a portion of the conductive bypass path such that shunt currents are minimized, and preferably are totally eliminated.