Abstract: A packet processing apparatus comprises a programmable hardware discriminator for receiving incoming packets, and selecting bits from any part of the incoming packets, a decision table for storing information relating to how the packets are to be processed, programmable hardware searching logic for accessing the information in the table according to the selected bits, and a packet handler for processing the packets according to the result of the access. Since many networking processing tasks can be broken down into bit selection and table searching, this generic type of arrangement will suit a wide variety of applications. It facilitates developing logic directly in hardware which can reduce the effort needed to convert a working prototype into a product ready for use in the field, e.g. for handling new protocol components.

Abstract: A method and system is provided for associating private branch exchange (PBX) equipment with a remote access device over a packet network. The remote access device can be connected to a number of communication devices suitable for processing voice or data. The PBX equipment receives a request to initiate communication from the communication device over a signaling virtual channel provisioned from the packet network, provisions a communication virtual channel from the packet based network to carry communication information provided by the communication device, transmits control signals over the signaling virtual channel to control the timing and transfer of information associated with the communication device and the corresponding remote access device, exchanges communication information over the communication virtual channel, and transmits control signals over the signaling virtual channel that terminates the communication virtual channel and relinquishes resources provisioned from the packet network.

Abstract: Between communication equipment to be loaded in a vehicle and a base station, CDMA data communication is performed. A speed sensor detects a traveling speed. When the speed sensor crosses a speed determining value, a communication speed is changed. When the vehicle is at a halt or travels at a low speed, the communication speed is set to be high. When the traveling speed exceeds the speed determining value resulting from acceleration, the communication speed is decreased. Satisfactory communication is performed in the whole speed range, and data communication can be performed at the maximum speed. In order to change the communication speed, for example, a chip rate of PN code is changed. Also, the number of PN codes to which parallel processing is simultaneously applied is changed. Thus, it is possible to set the communication speed to be high even in a high-speed mobile object.

Abstract: A call fallback scheme is provided in a packet switched network. After receiving incoming calls, a Voice over IP (VoIP) link is established over a packet switched network with a destination endpoint. VoIP packets are generated from the incoming calls and sent over the VoIP link to the destination endpoint. When a low quality of service condition is detected on the VoIP link with the destination endpoint, a fallback call is established with the destination endpoint over a circuit switched network. The VoIP packets for the incoming calls are redirected from the VoIP link to the circuit switched data link. As opposed to simply hairpinning a TDM voice call back over the PSTN network 102, the same VoIP packets for the incoming calls originally destine for the destination endpoint over the packet switched network are rerouted through the fallback call. This simplifies synchronization with VoIP packets sent over the VoIP network.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling traffic through at least one node in an intelligent telecommunications network such that congestion is controlled in a particular subsystem in which a sudden change in the traffic profile is determined. The moving average of the traffic profile for each subsystem at the node is continuously monitored. When congestion is detected, it is determined whether the congestion is caused by a sudden change in the traffic profile for a particular subsystem at the node. If it is determined that the congestion is caused by a sudden change in the traffic profile, then congestion controls are invoked to control congestion in the particular subsystem.

Abstract: A switch. The switch includes a plurality of port cards. Each port card having an unstriper having a plurality of internal FIFOs which produces a back pressure signal whenever any one of the plurality of internal FIFOs has a predetermined amount of data of fragments of packets. The switch includes a plurality of fabrics. Each fabric is connected to each port card. Each fabric having a separator which sends fragments of a packet to an associated unstriper and which stops sending fragments of the packets when the separator receives a back pressure signal. The separator delay is greater than any back pressure propagation delay between any one of the plurality of unstripers and any one of the plurality of separators so all separators stop sending companion fragments of the same fragment at the same. A method for switching packets.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting faults in data packet routing devices in a computer network capable of routing messages using a multicast protocol is described. Faults in devices, such as routers and switches, are detected in near real-time when using a multicast routing infrastructure by configuring a device to be a sender or source of test data packets and one or more other devices to receive test data packets. The test packet sender transmits test data packets to a test group of test packet receivers where the test group has a group identifier. The test receivers prepare data or fault reports describing errors regarding missing or duplicated data packets. These fault reports are prepared soon after the errors are detected and sent back to a multicast routing manager for isolating the device causing the fault. The messages sent to the test devices contain instructions regarding time intervals during which fault reports can be sent to the multicast routing manager from the multiple test receivers.

Abstract: For transmitting information about the neighbouring cells to mobile stations, a base station of a cellular radio system creates a message (27, 27′) containing information about the neighbouring cells and transmits it to the mobile station. In addition to the transmission frequencies used in the neighbouring cells, the base station includes in the message other information characterizing the neighbouring cells (32a, 32b, 32c, 34). In particular, the base station includes in the message information about the quality of service offered to mobile stations by each of the neighbouring cells mentioned in the message. On the basis of the message, the mobile station makes a preliminary selection of a group of the most advantageous new cells and performs measurements among this preliminary selection in order to find a suitable new cell (41, 47). If the measurements show that there is at least one suitable new cell among the preliminary selection, the mobile station selects a new cell from this group (42).

Abstract: In a Fiber Channel Arbitrated Loop communications architecture, dynamic loop sizing includes selectively bypassing operational device ports in the loop in order to minimize overhead associated with loop size. In redundant systems with multiple loops, the system is optimized by judicious distribution of the bypassed ports among the loops. Redundancy is at no point reduced. By bypassing unused or unneeded ports off of a loop, the round trip delay of the loop is appreciably shortened. By minimizing the round trip delay, arbitration overhead and access latency is reduced, and loop bandwidth and overall performance is improved. Dynamic load sharing balances the load between the dual loops when using dual ported devices on the loops. Dynamic load sharing is accomplished by bypassing a given subset of devices off each loop to reduce round trip delay; monitoring traffic on the loops; and controlling which devices are attached to which loop in order to balance the load across the loops.

Abstract: A telecommunications switching apparatus (10) includes optical paths (16-19) coupled to interface cards (26-29), which in turn are coupled to a switching circuit (41-42). The switching circuit is coupled to a plurality of universal connectors (71-74), each of which is coupled to an auxiliary connector (77-78). The universal connectors can each removably receive any one of several types of switching circuit cards (101-104), which each utilize a respective one of several different communication protocols. An auxiliary circuit card (107-108) may be provided in the associated auxiliary connector, in order to support switching circuit cards that use certain communication protocols. The optically transmitted information includes segments formatted according to respective communication protocols, and is converted from optical to electrical form by the interface cards.

Abstract: Active packets are utilized by a mobile terminal in a wireless network to manage the micro-mobility which includes both link layer mobility and intra-domain mobility of a wireless connection as the mobile terminal moves from one cell to another in a domain of a network. Active packets convey instructions and data so nodes in the domain may update forwarding tables maintained by each of the devices in the domain. The forwarding table entries contain both link layer entries and network layer entries to efficiently handle roaming by the mobile terminal.

Abstract: An efficient, multichannel filter for CDMA modems permits multiple serial, digital bit streams to be filtered by digital signal processing techniques including sample weighting and summing functions. Each individual channel may have custom weighting coefficients or weighting coefficients common for all channels. If the weighting coefficients are by adapation, the same approach may be taken. The multichannel FIR filter is implemented with no multipliers and a reduction in the number of adders. To increase the speed of operation, the filter structure utilizes look-up tables storing the weighting coefficients. The invention can be embodied as either as a field programmable gate array or an application specific integrated circuit. The use of look-up tables saves significant chip resources.

Abstract: A network system comprises a first communication device and a second communication device. When device failure caused in the first communication device, the first communication device generates the device failure information and transmits the device failure information to the second communication device. The second communication device receives the device failure information, and memorizes the device failure information, and makes a display unit display the device failure information.

Abstract: A method and system for avoiding data loss in communications systems. The method and system achieve their objects via communications equipment adapted to do the following: designate a first data-producing system controlled by a first clock; designate a second data-producing system controlled by a second clock; record a timing mismatch between the first clock and the second clock; and dynamically adjust data flow between the first and the second system in response to the recorded timing mismatch.

Abstract: An improvement of an ATM transmission system between a mobileservices switching center and a base station in a mobile communication system. A delay time for generating/sending out a cell is minimized to ensure the information quality required for real time transmission. When the transmission interval of a call type a is T, call types b and c whose periods are twice and four time that of the call type a should be transmitted at intervals twice and four times that of the call type a. A transmitted frame assembler/disassembler 104 in the base station prepares transmitted frames 201 each including the cell slots 201-1, 201-2 and 201-3 for transferring the respective call types, and schedules such that the transmitted frames are sent out to a channel 112 at the interval T, thereby enabling the transmission to be carried out without delay.

Abstract: A code-multiplexing communication apparatus includes a splitting unit for splitting incoming serial transmitted data into N (N is integer equal to or greater than 2) number of signal trains; N number of spread unit for performing spreading for each of the N number of signal sequences with use of a spread code; an adding unit adding the N number of signal sequences with the spreading processed by the N number of spread unit, for outputting a code-multiplexed signal; and a modulating unit for modulating the code-multiplexed signal, comprising, filter unit having an inverse characteristic to a frequency characteristic of an autocorrelated distortion caused by the spreading, removing a transmission path distortion.

Abstract: A communication integrated circuit, such as a full-duplex speakerphone circuit, includes a double-talk detector that operates in combination with an echo canceller. The echo canceller includes an adaptive filter with filter coefficients that are regularly adjusted to train to a received echo. The double-talk detector includes an ERLE detector for measuring the current ERLE of the echo canceller and a logic circuit for determining a best ERLE value over a plurality of measurements. The double-talk detector also includes a power estimator and noise estimator for determining a noise level. The noise level attained when the ERLE value is the best ERLE value is saved as a benchmark noise level. Filter coefficients of the echo canceller are updated or updating is blocked based on several considerations including a comparison of ERLE value to best ERLE value, the noise level in comparison to the benchmark noise level, whether the circuit is operating in half-duplex or full-duplex mode, and detection of a tone.

Abstract: A system and a method are disclosed for supporting multiple application traffic types over connection oriented networks. Data is received from multiple applications, for example in the form of data units, and is associated with a traffic type. The traffic type associated with a data unit indicates whether the data unit is inelastic traffic or elastic traffic. Data associated with inelastic traffic is mapped to at least one connection of a first connection type which provides for some amount of committed bandwidth, and limits on delay variation. Data associated with elastic traffic is mapped to at least one connection of a second connection type, which does not provide any committed bandwidth. Connections of the second connection type may ensure that elastic traffic data units that are accepted for transfer by the underlying network are delivered without loss due to network congestion, for example, by use of a flow control technique.

Abstract: A router coupled to a plurality of networks receives a data packet from a first one of the networks and routes the data packet to a second one of the networks. The data packet includes a first portion having a destination network address. The router receives a first portion of the data packet, and the first portion of the data packet includes a destination network address. The destination network address of the data packet is asserted to a content addressable memory (“CAM”), where the CAM has stored routing information, while the first packet is not yet fully received from the first network. The CAM identifies one of the networks coupled to the router, in response to the destination network address being in the CAM, while the router is still receiving a remaining portion of the data packet. After identification of the destination network the data packet is routed to the destination network.

Abstract: A method of performance monitoring telecommunication signals having various formats, includes receiving a plurality of telecommunication signals comprising at least one signal having a first format and at least one signal having a second format, identifying the format of each signal received, and for each signal, proceeding with a performance monitoring activity in accordance with a set of rules associated with the identified format of each signal.