Abstract: Disclosed is a photoelectric conversion element including at least one photoelectric conversion cell. The photoelectric conversion cell includes a conductive substrate having a transparent substrate and a transparent conductive layer provided on the transparent substrate, a counter substrate facing the conductive substrate, an oxide semiconductor layer provided on the conductive substrate or the counter substrate, and an annular sealing portion adhering the conductive substrate and the counter substrate. An insulating material is provided at least between the conductive substrate and the sealing portion, and the insulating material is colored.

Abstract: A concentrator and a solar light router for converting light energy into electrical, photochemical and thermal energy, among other possible forms of usable energy, comprising a fixed body (1) and a movable part (2), wherein the fixed body (1) has an upper side with a converging lens (4) through which the sun rays (R1) enter, and a lower side where a mirror (5) is arranged. The mobile part 2 has a support arm 7 having a lower leg 8 coupled to a movement unit 10, and an upper leg 9 extending above the converging lens 4, in which is displaceable mounted a module (11) receptor/router of convergent solar rays (R4) that emerges from the fixed body (1).

Abstract: A structure of photovoltaic cell is provided. The structure of photovoltaic cell includes a substrate, a lower conductive layer, a photovoltaic layer, and an upper conductive layer, the lower conductive layer is disposed at one side of the substrate, the photovoltaic layer is disposed at the other surface of the lower conductive layer, and the upper conductive layer is disposed on the other surface of the photovoltaic layer. An electron transporting layer, a hole transporting layer, and an active layer sandwiched between the electron transporting layer and the hole transporting layer collectively constitute the photovoltaic layer. The electron transporting layer convers a portion of the active layer and the hole transporting layer for blocking the upper conductive layer from electrically connecting to the active layer and the hole transporting layer.

Abstract: A processor generates first position information on a relative position between a camera and a radar, acquires, from the radar, second position information on a relative position between the radar and a reflector, the second position information being generated by using an arrival direction of the radar transmission wave, and calculates a displacement amount by comparing the first position information and the second position information with each other.

Abstract: Method of providing a boron doped region (8, 8a, 8b) in a silicon substrate (1), includes the steps of: (a) depositing a boron doping source (6) over a first surface (2) of the substrate (1); (b) annealing the substrate (1) for diffusing boron from the boron doping source (6) into the first surface (2), thereby yielding a boron doped region; (c) removing the boron doping source (6) from at least part of the first surface (2); (d) depositing undoped silicon oxide (10) over the first surface (2); and (e) annealing the substrate (1) for lowering a peak concentration of boron in the boron doped region (8, 8a) through boron absorption by the undoped silicon oxide. The silicon oxide (10) acts as a boron absorber to obtain the desired concentration of the boron doped region (8).

Abstract: Methods and systems for correcting environmental distortion are disclosed. An example method can comprise receiving a first plurality of signals sampled in space at a first time and determining a first plurality of correction factors based on the first plurality of signals. The first plurality of correction factors can be configured to correct environmental distortion in the first plurality of signals. The first plurality of signals can be corrected by applying the first plurality of correction factors to the first plurality of signals thereby generating a corrected first plurality of signals. The corrected first plurality of signals can be provided. The method can be repeated for one or more additional pluralities of signals sampled in space at times subsequent to the first time with corresponding additional pluralities of correction factors. Each additional plurality of correction factors can be unique to a corresponding plurality of signals.

Abstract: A signal generation device for generating radio frequency, RF, signals, the signal generation device comprising a waveform input for receiving a number of basic waveforms, a control command input for receiving control commands each comprising control information for modifying a respective basic waveform, a RF frontend for transmitting RF signals, and a waveform processor, which based on the control commands modifies the respective basic waveforms and transmits the resulting modified waveforms through the RF frontend.

Abstract: An object tracking system suitable for use on an automated vehicle includes a camera, a radar-sensor and a controller. The controller is configured to assign a vision-identification to each vision-track associated with an instance of an object detected using the camera, and assign a radar-identification to each radar-glob associated with an instance of grouped-tracklets indicated detected using the radar-sensor. The controller is further configured to determine probabilities that a vision-track and a radar-glob indicate the same object. If the combination has a reasonable chance of matching it is includes in a further screening of the data to determine a combination of pairings of each vision-track to a radar-track that has the greatest probability of being the correct combination.

Abstract: A structure of photovoltaic cell is provided. The structure of photovoltaic cell includes a substrate, a lower conductive layer, a photovoltaic layer, and an upper conductive layer, the lower conductive layer is disposed at one side of the substrate, the photovoltaic layer is disposed at the other surface of the lower conductive layer, and the upper conductive layer is disposed on the other surface of the photovoltaic layer. An electron transporting layer, a hole transporting layer, and an active layer sandwiched between the electron transporting layer and the hole transporting layer collectively constitute the photovoltaic layer. The electron transporting layer covers a portion of the active layer and the hole transporting layer for blocking the upper conductive layer from electrically connecting to the active layer and the hole transporting layer.

Abstract: The waveguide structure is for determining Direction-of-Arrival of a signal received by first and second antennas spaced-apart from one another. The waveguide structure has a first input port connectable to the first antenna and connected to a first splitter; a second input port connectable to the second antenna and connected to a second splitter, the second input port being located adjacent to the first input port; a third splitter; and a fourth splitter. The waveguide structure has branches that connect input ports, splitters and output ports such that each output port provides a superposition of the signal received via the first antenna and the signal received by the second antenna. The waveguide structure has a phase shifting system that imparts at least a relative phase shift between the corresponding branches leading away from each corresponding splitter and has at least one cross-over junction formed between two of the branches.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices, systems and techniques for propagating a system time maintained at a mobile device in a lower power mode using a sleep counter advanced by an XO crystal oscillator. In one particular implementation, a mobile device obtains initial and subsequent satellite positioning system fixes while in a higher power mode. Between the initial and subsequent position fixes, the mobile device may transition to a lower power mode during which measurements of a temperature of the XO crystal oscillator may be obtained.

Abstract: An FMCW radar sensor and a method for localizing a radar target, in which FMCW radar measurements are performed with transmitting antennas having different fields of view which differ in terms of an aperture angle and/or a range, the measurements each encompassing temporally interleaved sequences of ramps, and measurements with different fields of view being temporally interwoven with one another; ambiguous values for the relative velocity of the radar target being determined from a position of a peak in a two-dimensional spectrum; phase relationships between spectral values of spectra being checked for agreement with phase relationships expected for several of the determined values of the relative velocity; and on the basis thereof an estimated value for the relative velocity of the radar target being selected from the determined periodic values of the relative velocity.

Abstract: The disclosed technology relates to systems and methods for determining three-dimensional atmospheric and ionospheric density using refraction of electromagnetic waves. A method is provided for receiving, at a processing system, and from a plurality of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) stations, navigation data corresponding to computed positions of the plurality of GNSS stations. The method can further include determining, based at least in part on received navigation data and received GNSS transmitter information, ionosphere and atmosphere refractivity corresponding to intersections of two or more GNSS signals. The method can include calculating, based on the determined 3D density states, data fields of a model representing the three-3D density states. The method can include transmitting position adjustment data to calibrate a navigation position of at least one of the plurality of the GNSS stations based at least in part on the calculated data fields of the model.

Abstract: An embodiment method for signal path measurement includes providing a first signal at a common node coupled to a plurality of signal paths that each include a respective phase rotation circuit. The method also includes providing a second signal, over a first test path, to a first node coupled to a first signal path of the plurality of signal paths, providing the second signal, over a second test path, to a second node coupled to a second signal path of the plurality of signal paths, selecting a signal path from the plurality of signal paths, transmitting, over the selected signal path, one of the first signal and the second signal, and mixing the first signal with the second signal to obtain a measurement signal of the selected signal path. A difference in phase delay between the second test path and the first test path includes a first known phase delay.

Abstract: Photovoltaic (PV) device comprising an ultra-thin radiation-tolerant PV absorber mounted on a flexible film having an embedded persistent phosphor and having a plurality of interdigitated top and bottom contacts on the top of the PV absorber. The PV absorber is ultra-thin, e.g., typically having a thickness of 300 nm or less for a III-V-based absorber. The phosphor absorbs some of the photons incident on the device and then discharges them for use by the device in generating electrical power during times when the device is not illuminated by the sun.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to techniques, methods, devices, and systems for generating a bird and bat detection radar output using weather radar. In one example, a method includes generating, by a computing device that comprises one or more processors and is onboard a vehicle, a radar control output for an aircraft weather radar system to generate a radar transmission tuned to detect birds and bats. The method further includes receiving, by the computing device, radar data in response to the radar transmission. The method further includes determining, by the computing device, whether the radar data comprises data indicative of detected birds or bats. The method further includes generating, by the computing device, an output based at least in part on the data indicative of the detected birds or bats.

Abstract: A method for tracking a device determines correlations among locations of the device including a set of previous locations of the device and an initial estimate of a current location of the device, and determines, for each access point (AP), a current path loss exponent for the current location of the device using previous path loss exponents determined for the previous locations of the device and the correlations among the locations of the device. The method determines the current location of the device according to a path loss model using received signal strengths (RSS) of signals received from each AP at the current location and the current path loss exponent determined for each AP. The current path loss exponent for each AP are updated using the current location of the device and the RSS of signals received from the corresponding AP.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are system, method, and computer program product embodiments for a GNSS interference and spoofing fast detection and mitigation system. A RF signal associated with a PNT device, such as a GNSS receiver, is received. The received RF signal is split into a plurality of sub-data signals. The received RF signal is re-routed by sending each of the plurality of sub-data signals to at least one of a processing module and a switching module. An anomaly associated with a second sub-data signal is detected. The anomaly is detected during a capture period of an adversarial attack on the PNT device, prior to corruption of any associated system depending on outputs from the PNT device. An output of a first sub-data signal of the plurality of sub-data signals is terminated based on the anomaly detected with the second sub-data signal.

Abstract: A Solar Processing Unit (SPU) for the conversion of solar energy to electric power comprising: a heterostructure of sheets of two (2)-dimensional materials; wherein the heterostructure is utilized to produce, in the third (3rd) dimension, a crystalline structure wherein elemental Boron (B) and elemental Nitrogen (N), contained in sheets of hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN), are located as bookends to one or more Cs, contained in sheet or sheets of Graphene in between; wherein each absorbed photon, or part thereof, produces Multi-Excitation Generation wherein more than one electron is generated; and wherein the SPU produces a spin motion of the Boron atoms, in one rotation, and the Nitrogen atoms, in the opposite rotation, in hBN around its on axis by placing an external fixed magnetic field located perpendicular to the sheet of hBN and a second orthogonal magnetic paired to the strength of the fixed magnetic field and tuned to the resonant magnetic frequency of Nitrogen-15 followed by Boron-11 that combine to

Abstract: Systems and methods for using multi frequency satellite measurements to mitigate spatial decorrelation errors caused by ionosphere delays are provided. In one embodiment, a GBAS comprises: a plurality of GNSS reference receivers that receive signals from GNSS satellites; at least one processing module; at least one aircraft communication device; wherein the processing module determines a TEC along a line of sight of a first observable multi-frequency GNSS satellite to determine a current quality metric of the ionosphere; determines at least one overbounded Vertical Ionosphere Gradient standard deviation sigma-vig (?vig) when the current quality metric of the ionosphere meets a threshold; defines one or more valid iono regions at a given finite period in time where at least one ?vig is applicable; and causes the communication device to communicate to an aircraft the ?vig and a list of GNSS single and multi-frequency satellites having pierce points in the valid iono regions.