Abstract: A display apparatus comprises a first substrate provided with a thin film transistor array as a driving switching element and a second substrate provided with another electrode, and produces a display by electro-optical change generated between these substrates. Visibility of the display is improved in such a way that rays of light incident on the display apparatus are converted into diffusion light. Photoconductive material, in particular amorphous silicon, can be used by covering semiconductive portions of the thin film transistor array of the display apparatus with an intercepting member. In a display apparatus using a thin film transistor array as a driving switching element, a conductive surface electrically insulated from gate lines on a substrate on where the gate lines for the thin film transistor array are formed, such conductive surface acts as a counter electrode of capacitors for storing charge.

Abstract: In an active matrix type display apparatus which includes a first electrode substrate having a transparent insulation substrate on which a thin film transistor a transparent display pixel electrode selectively driven by the thin file transistor and a connecting portion for connecting the thin film transistor with the transparent display pixel electrode are formed, a second electrode substrate having another transparent insulation substrate on which an opposing electrode formed of a transparent conductive film is formed, and a display medium sandwiched between the first and second electrode substrates, an electrically conductive light shielding layer which is fixed at a predetermined potential is provided on each of thin film transistor portions of the first electrode substrate, and a part of the light shielding layer opposes a part of the transparent display pixel electrode through an insulation film so as to form a supplemental storage capacitor.

Abstract: Circuit assemblies are disclosed which include a supporting substrate, a plurality of conductive lines supported on the substrate and a deposited phase-change material capable of an energy induced phase change from an initially high resistance state to a relatively low resistance state placed in electrical contact with the conductive lines. The assemblies also include contact receiving means connected to the conductive lines at preselected discrete locations to receive externally applied contact means, such as electric probes, for applying voltages across selected portions of the conductive lines. The application of such voltages can induce a phase change in portions of the phase-change material which bridge breaks in the conductive lines of such circuit subassemblies, changing such portions from their high resistance state to their low resistance state, thereby forming electrically shunting conductive paths around such open circuits. There are also disclosed methods of making such circuit assemblies.

Abstract: An anti-dazzle system for a window glass of a motor vehicle, wherein at least either one of the front and rear surfaces of the window glass embedding an electric wire is provided with a film layer including a heat-sensitive color-changing material, which becomes translucent or so dark a color according to temperatures, thereby to be able to change the color of the window glass for prevention of dazzles.

Abstract: An optical system for a full color liquid crystal light valve image projector is provided. The invention includes a first prepolarizer for separating from a first beam light of first and second colors and a first polarization state and a second prepolarizer for separating from the first beam light of a third color and a second polarization state. The resultant first beam contains light of a third color and first polarization state and light of first and second colors and second polarization state. A polarization selective beamsplitter is provided in the optical path of the first beam for transmitting, in a second beam, light in the first beam having the first polarization state and reflecting, in a third beam, light in the first beam having the second polarization state. A color selective beamsplitter is included for transmitting, in a fourth beam, light in the third beam having a first color and for reflecting, in a fifth beam, light in the third beam having a second color.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprising a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal disposed therebetween. At least one of the substrates has a color filter layer, a protective layer and a transparent electrode formed in the order named thereon. The protective layer has a coefficient of linear expansion 0.01 to 6 times that of the transparent electrode.

Abstract: In a LC matrix display with an internal reflector and an internal measuring reticle metal electrodes made of chromium, nickel, aluminum or some other metal are used as the internal reflector. By a special configuration of electrodes it is achieved that the measuring reticle is formed in the LC layer itself as a consequence of the optical effects in the liquid crystal. By building in an internal reflector and an internal measuring reticle any parallax is removed when observing the signal curve as well as the measuring reticle and, additionally, a maximum viewing angle is assured.

Abstract: A device for testing a battery, particularly a small, portable battery, comprising a flexible, transparent substrate on which is deposited a narrow band of a black light absorbing material. A conductive material, which may taper outwardly in opposite directions from a central point to a pair of outer terminals, is then deposited atop the substrate on the same side of the substrate as the absorber layer or on the opposite side of the substrate as the absorber layer. A layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal material is then deposited on the substrate on the opposite side from the black absorber layer or over the absorber layer. The conductive material is an epoxy cement-based conductor, preferably silver, printed or painted directly on to the substrate. An indicator scale is located along sections of the conductive material.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display panel is provided with a first substrate having thin film transistors arranged in rows and columns, a gate wire connecting commonly the gates for the thin film transistors in the columns, a source wire connecting commonly the sources for the thin film transistors in the rows and display electrodes connected respectively to each of the drains for the thin film transistors, a second substrate having a common electrode opposed to said display electrodes and acolor filter and a liquid crystal interposed between said first substrate and second substrate. The display panel comprises a light intercepting film provided on said second substrate at a position confronting with said thin film transistors.

Abstract: A display comprising optical means for presenting an absence of light over a controlled viewing angle and means for selectively scattering or transmitting light in response to a prescribed input to effect a display of information within said viewing angle.

Abstract: Light influencing subassemblies and displays each having a structure in which all of the addressed pixel electronic circuitry including an optimized capacitance and including isolation devices where utilized, are located at one electrode side of each pixel electrode combination. The structure includes the subdivision of one pixel electrode into at least two spaced apart side-by-side electrode segments opposite a common electrode. The displays include light influencing material disposed between the segmented and common electrodes which form a first capacitance. A second capacitance is formed electrically in parallel with the first capacitance. The second capacitance can include an additional capacitance electrode formed separated from the segmented electrode by an insulating layer.

Abstract: An optical filter for welding protective lens assemblies has two parallel electro-optical cells, at least one of the cells being of the nematic type with admixture of dye molecules with anisotropic light absorption. The filter comprises a filter sheet disposed in the ray path of the cells and allowing transmission within a wave range which is offset with respect to the wave range within which said one cell is transmitting residual light in its absorbing state.

Abstract: A device for testing a battery, particularly a small, "button-type" battery, such as those used in hearing aids, calculators, watches and the like, comprising a flexible, transparent substrate on which is deposited a conductive material, which may taper outwardly in opposite directions or in a single direction, from a central point from one side to a pair of outer terminals. A layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal material is then deposited on the substrate. A layer or band of a black light absorbing material the opposite side from the black absorber layer. The conductive material is an epoxy cement-based conductor, preferably silver, printed or painted directly on to the substrate. An indicator scale is located along sections of the tapered conductive material.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided comprising a liquid crystal wafer operating by transmission which is disposed in front of a sheet of transparent material having a multitude of parallel opaque flaps substantially perpendicular to the wafer. In daytime use, light rays substantially perpendicular to the wafer pass through the sheet towards the rear of the wafer. For nightime use, the sheet reflects rearwardly of the wafer a part of the light rays coming from a lamp and the flaps stop the other part of these light rays.

Abstract: A handwritten character input device includes an opaque tablet or digitizer for inputting a handwritten character or figure into an apparatus. The tablet is of an electromagnetic induction type. The tablet is positioned under a liquid crystal display panel and an aluminum-evaporated film reflector is provided for the liquid crystal display. Preferably, the aluminum-evaporated film reflector is as thick as 1.0 micron or less. A conductive shield plate may be further provided between the tablet and a driving circuit substrate for the liquid crystal display panel. This shield plate serves to magnetically isolate the tablet from the driving substrate.

Abstract: A dazzle-free reflection mirror, which may be used as an inner mirror or an outer mirror of a vehicle, has an electro-optical element of which transparency is changed by applying an electric field thereto in order to effectuate a dazzle-free operation. The dazzle-free reflection mirror comprises a dazzle-free portion to effectuate the dazzle-free operation at a lower part of the mirror surface and a non-dazzle-free portion not to effectuate the dazzle-free operation at the rest part of the mirror surface. The dazzle-free portion shields light from following-vehicle headlights at night so that the driver feels no glaring. The non-dazzle-free portion clearly images a rear view so that the driver can see an appearance of the following vehicle.

Abstract: An optical modulation device comprises a pair of base plates and a ferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched therebetween. A plurality of structural members each having side walls are arranged in the form of stripes on one of the pair of base plates. A monoaxial treatment is applied to at least one of the pair of base plates in a direction parallel with or perpendicular to the extension direction of the abovementioned plurality of structural members.

Abstract: Threshold electric fields required to achieve high speed matrix addressing of selected cells in a bistable nematic liquid crystal storage display are reduced by employing a short duration, priming pulse signal in accordance with the principles of the invention. The short priming pulse signal applied to a selected cell modifies the binding energy for disclinations attached to sites of orientational discontinuity, thereby changing the threshold field required for electrical switching between bistable states. Threshold reduction also depends on the AC frequency and duration of a writing pulse signal applied to the selected cell subsequent to the priming pulse signal.

Abstract: A two lens optical system for a three primary color liquid crystal light valve image projection system. The first lens projects the red and green primary colors, while the other lens projects the blue primary color. The light from the illumination system is partially prepolarized by a first prism before being split into two optical paths by a first beam splitter. Red light having a first and second polarization and green light having a first polarization is transmitted along a first optical path to a second, or main beam splitter, from the first beam splitter. The red light is transmitted to a first light valve, the green light being reflected to a second light valve. With the first and second light valves "on" state, the light incident thereon is directed back to the main beam splitter, recombined and then directed to the first projection lens.

Abstract: A dynamic memory array includes plural sets of spaced apart address lines and storage locations defined by cross-overs of members of the plural sets of address lines. At each storage location a charge storage means is coupled to a threshold means. The charge storage means are addressable through the threshold means by the application of selected potentials to the plural sets of address lines. The charge storage means and the threshold means can be formed as vertically arrayed, deposited, layers of semiconductor materials, and preferably from amorphous semiconductor alloys. Also disclosed is a light influencing display having an improved bidirectional threshold isolation means.