Abstract: Dendrite or asteroidal titanium dioxide micro-particles having a length of 0.2 to 0.5 .mu.m, a thickness of 0.05 to 0.1 .mu.m, and a specific surface area of 20 to 130 m.sup.2 /gram, are produced by treating hydrated titanium oxide particles with an alkali, mixing instantaneously the resulting reaction product with an amount of hydrochloric acid in a ratio of 1 to 4 mols of hydrochloric acid to one mol of the titanium oxide in the reaction product to effect a reaction, then aging under heat at 85.degree. C. or higher, and then drying or, if necessary, firing after the drying, and subsequently may be coated with at least one from oxides and hydrated oxides of elements selected from aluminum, silicon, titanium, zirconium, tin and antimony to improve the dispersibility and resistance to light of the particles, or may be coated with tin oxide containing antimony or indium oxide containing tin to make the particles electroconductive.

Abstract: A processing system including a vacuum chamber 24 and at least one tube 12 disposed through a wall 14 of the vacuum chamber 24 is described herein. A gas diffuser 22 is disposed in said tube 12, possibly at the end of the tube 12 and/or outside the chamber 24. The gas diffuser 22 is formed from a porous, possibly metallic, material which includes a plurality of microscopic holes whereby gas entering or leaving the vacuum chamber through the tube has a reduced force compared to if the gas diffuser 22 was not present. Other systems and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for efficiently and effectively coating a substantially flat surface, i.e., a substrate, with a high-viscosity chemical such as photoresist. The chemical is dispensed through a piezo electrically controlled droplet jet cartridge on to the surface. The thickness of the chemical coating is controlled by controlling the rate at which chemical is dispensed through the droplet jet cartridge. A number of droplet jet cartridges are aligned such that gaps in chemical dispensed by one droplet jet cartridge are filled by chemical dispensed by other droplet jet cartridges. An array of droplet jet cartridges which spans the width of the surface moves across the surface to coat the surface with chemical in a single pass. To coat a circular surface, the surface is spun while a droplet jet cartridge is moved from the center of the surface to the outer edge of the surface. Chemical is dispensed on to the surface in a helical pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process of preparing fluorinated material which comprises thermally treating the mixture of carbon black and hydrocarbon polymer compound powder for covering the surface of the carbon black with the latter and fluorinating the hydrocarbon polymer compound. The thermal treatment can be conducted in two stages.The fluorinated material prepared in accordance with the present invention can provide much more pore volumes acting as gas networks in, for example, an electrode which exhibits high gas permeability or gas supplying ability. Further, the hydrophobicity is as high as that of the material prepared in accordance with mixing carbon black with hydrocarbon polymer compound dispersed in an organic solvent, and is higher than that of the conventional mixture of carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene particles. The fluorinated material is preferably employed to a fuel cell as gas network material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for spray coating a paper or board web in which a coating paste or mix is applied as an aerosol to the web in an enclosed space or chamber. A flow of the coating paste flows down at least one of the interior walls of the enclosed space, thereby collecting excess coating paste aerosol and providing a seal between the web and the walls of the enclosed space. By providing this seal, the amount of excess coating paste aerosol escaping from the enclosed space and the amount of air travelling along the surface of the web are both reduced, thereby increasing the quality of the applied coating.

Abstract: A gumming roll preferably for use with apparatus for applying gum to blanks and pertains has gear driven rollers and the rollers are in skidding contact for returning excess adhesive to an adhesive pan without substantial foaming of the adhesive. The gumming apparatus speed of operation is greater than the conventional apparatus in which adhesive foaming is a problem.

Abstract: A process for forming a flexible, electrically conductive fabric by applying to a nonconductive flexible fibrous web substrate an aqueous solution comprising a conductive material and a binder, saturating the web with the aqueous solution, and drying and curing the web.

Abstract: An EMI shielding member and method of making the member. The member includes a non-metallic substrate having an electrically non-conductive coating of a dielectric polymer matrix material loaded with an EMI shieldingly effective amount of electrically conductive fibers. The member can be formed by spraying the fiber loaded, dielectric polymer matrix onto a flexible fabric or tape.

Abstract: The invention relates to material silicon nitride powder used for production of silicon nitride ceramics products. Provided herein is a material powder which can offer a compact having a homogeneous packing structure of the powder with good reproducibility and also to provide a method for producing the same. Accordingly to the method, a silicon nitride powder is heat treated in two-stage processing, one stage in an inert gas or reducing atmosphere at 100.degree. C.-1000.degree. C. for 5-600 min., and another stage in an oxidizing atmosphere at 300.degree. C.-1200.degree. C. for 5-600 min. As a result of this treatment, a silicon nitride powder is obtained in which its powder particles are crystalline in their interior and are coated with an amorphous layer having a 1-10 nm surface thickness and composed mainly of Si, N, O, and H, an atomic number ratio of oxygen to nitrogen (O/N) of the surface layer being within a range of 0.1-2.0.

Abstract: A vapor deposition apparatus and method in which pulse waveform light is applied to a sample sealed in a reaction chamber. The sample is exposed to gaseous material while the pulse waveform light is applied creating one or plural atomic layers. Alternate layers of plural substances or alternate multiple layers of plural substances can be formed by alternating the introduction of gaseous materials with the application of pulse waveform light.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for selectively applying a liquid on a surface in a selected pattern and position on the surface. The apparatus and methods include programmable devices that individually control a plurality of nozzles wherein each nozzle has its own separate liquid supply source.

Abstract: A process for inhibiting acidic corrosion in the crown of a concrete sewer pipeline of the type created by the generation of sulfuric acid within the pipeline and a lowering of the pH at the surface of the concrete. The process comprises the forming of a slurry of magnesium hydroxide, preferably precipitated from seawater, and water wherein the magnesium hydroxide comprises at least about 25-50% of the slurry by weight, and spraying the slurry onto and along the crown of the concrete pipeline to provide a slurry coating on the crown of the pipeline of about 0.2 inches in thickness so as to provide a relatively long lasting barrier of high pH and thereby prevent acidic corrosion of the pipeline.

Abstract: A process for forming a coating having a constant thickness on at least one surface of a running film, which comprises continuously providing at least one surface of a running film with a first coating liquid film having a thickness greater than an intended thickness, transferring the first coating liquid film onto a roll which is in contact with the running film and rotates in the direction counter to the running direction of the running film, changing the first coating liquid film into a second coating liquid film having an intended constant thickness with a metering means, on the roll which rotates in the counter direction, and then transferring the second coating liquid film having the constant thickness onto the running film; and an apparatus therefor.

Abstract: A process for spraying a coating product composed of: mounting a sprayer on a movable support member of a spraying machine; providing an object having a plurality of surfaces which surfaces include first and second surfaces which are oriented at least approximately vertically during spraying and are angled relative to one another, and a third surface which is oriented at least approximately horizontally during spraying; in a first spraying step, spraying the product onto at least the first surface from a sprayer while displacing the sprayer past the first one of the surfaces and while the first surface is oriented at least approximately vertically; rotating the object about a vertical axis after the first spraying step; and, in a second spraying step, after the rotating step, spraying the product onto at least the second surface from the sprayer while displacing the sprayer past the second one of the surfaces and while the second surface is oriented at least approximately vertically, wherein the product is sp

Abstract: A composite powder particle, consisting of a core and a coating, and consisting either completely or partly of a superhard matter different from that of the core, and being prepared by means of a special method, at which the superhard matter is at least partly formed from a gaseous phase at sub-pressure and at temperatures below 1200.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method for preparing a surface for application of a non-stick coating, the method wherein the surface to be prepared for non-stick coating is prepared by thermally spraying a stainless steel alloy containing at most 6.0% aluminum, and is substantially free of Nickel. The present invention further includes a cooking utensil having a substrate to which an intermediate layer, for receiving the non-stick coating, is prepared by thermally spraying the stainless steel alloy containing at most 6.0% aluminum, and is substantially free of Nickel.

Abstract: High brightness durable retro-reflecting microspheres for retro-reflection and related uses (and a novel method of forming the same) is provided embodying a retro-reflective vitreous glass microsphere encapsulated in a hardened clear non-vitreous metal-oxide ceramic shell of substantially the same index of fraction as the microsphere.

Abstract: Encapsulated particles, such as magnetic particles, colored pigments, or carbon black, with high chemical affinity for ink vehicles. The encapsulated particles of this invention are suitable for printing inks, as well as for magnetic recording systems, such as audio and video tapes and magnetic storage disks, when the encapsulated particles are magnetic particles. The encapsulated particles comprise particles having a coating on their surface, said coating comprising in one embodiment an ionomer and in another embodiment, an oil, such as soya oil, and optionally a thixotropic agent, and/or a binder resin. The method of the present invention for making such encapsulated particles avoids the use of volatile organic solvents and provides printing inks and coating compositions comprising such encapsulated particles, that also avoid the use of volatile organic solvents.

Abstract: In a method of painting a building board being conveyed on a conveyor by means of a spray painting apparatus so that a plurality of colors of gradated or shaded patterns are formed, a plurality of spray guns are connected to a plurality of paint supply systems supplying different colors of paint, respectively. The spray guns are arranged in parallel to a direction in which the building board is conveyed. With the spray guns being reciprocated in a direction crossing the direction in which the building board is conveyed, each of the spray guns is intermittently turned on and off so that the paints of colors different from one another are sprayed from the spray guns onto the surface of the building board. The relation between a speed of the reciprocation of each spray gun and a speed of conveyance of the building board is expressed by L.ltoreq.P.times.

Abstract: Disclosed are colored, shaping thermoplastic resin pellets prepared by mixing shaping thermoplastic resin pellets of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, ABS resin, etc., a powdery colorant and a liquid thermoplastic adhesive of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, nylon, water-soluble acrylic polymer, etc. having a water content of 5% by weight or more followed by drying the resulting mixture whereby said powdery adhesive is made adhered onto the surfaces of said pellets. The colored pellets are prepared, using minimized equipments and running costs necessary for melting and granulating steps. When mixing the powdery colorant and the uncolored shaping thermoplastic resin pellets, static electricity is not generated. The invention is free from troubles to be caused by antistatic agents and organic solvents, not needing them.