Abstract: An X-ray scattering apparatus having a sample holder for aligning and/or orienting a sample to be analyzed by X-ray scattering, a first X-ray beam delivery system having a first X-ray source and a first monochromator being arranged upstream of the sample holder for generating and directing a first X-ray beam along a beam path, a distal X-ray detector arranged downstream of the sample holder and being movable, in a motorized way, is disclosed. The first X-ray beam delivery system is configured to focus the first X-ray beam onto a focal spot near the distal X-ray detector when placed at its largest distance from the sample holder or produce a parallel beam so that the X-ray scattering apparatus has a second X-ray beam delivery system having a second X-ray source and being configured to generate and direct a divergent second X-ray beam towards the sample holder for X-ray imaging.

Abstract: Fluorescence imaging system designs are described that provide larger fields-of-view, increased spatial resolution, improved modulation transfer and image quality, higher spatial sampling frequency, faster transitions between image capture when repositioning the sample plane to capture a series of images (e.g., of different fields-of-view), and improved imaging system duty cycle, and thus enable higher throughput image acquisition and analysis for genomics and other imaging applications.

Abstract: An optical arrangement receives output light emanating from an object disposed within a fluid column that crosses an optical refraction boundary of the fluid column between the object and the optical arrangement. The optical arrangement modifies the output light such that the modified output light has an intensity that is more uniform than the output light.

Abstract: A Positron Emission Tomography (PET) apparatus according to an embodiment includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to obtain information about a defective channel of a PET detector at a second point in time later than a first point in time corresponding to a first sensitivity map that is a sensitivity map of the PET detector corresponding to the first point in time and being stored in a storage unit. The processing circuitry is configured to generate a second sensitivity map that is a sensitivity map of the PET detector corresponding to the second point in time, on the basis of the information about the defective channel.

Abstract: Provided is a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) device and a silicon photomultiplier based LiDAR. The SiPM device includes a first sub-region and a second sub-region. In the first sub-region, the photodiode is operated with a first internal gain. In the second sub-region, the photodiode is operated with a second internal gain and the second internal gain in smaller than the first internal gain. A first anode generates current from the first sub-region in response to a low flux event, and the second anode generates current from the second sub-region in response to a high flux event. A common cathode outputs current generated from the first sub-region or the second sub-region.

Abstract: In order to provide an absorbance analysis apparatus for DCR gas that can measure a concentration of a DCR gas by separating absorbance of the DCR gas alone even in a mixed gas consisting of the DCR gas and CO gas whose absorption spectrum overlaps each other, the absorbance analysis apparatus for DCR gas comprises a DCR filter 31 that is configured to transmit a light in a first wavenumber domain including an absorbance peak of the DCR gas, a CO filter 32 that is configured to transmit a light in a second wavenumber domain that is different from the first wavenumber domain, and a DCR gas volume calculator 4 that is configured to calculate volume of the DCR gas based on a first absorbance measured by the light transmitted through the DCR filter 31 and a second absorbance measured by the light transmitted through the CO filter 32.

Abstract: A calibration disc for providing uniform irradiance to an optical sensor system includes a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and an edge surface extending around a circumference of the calibration disc. The first major surface is fully reflective and partially diffuse, the second major surface is partially reflective and partially diffuse, and the edge surface is fully reflective and partially diffuse and has an entrance aperture positioned at the edge surface and configured to receive light into the calibration disc. The first major surface, the second major surface and the edge surface are configured to scatter the light received by the entrance aperture within the calibration disc. The second major surface is configured to emit at least some of the light with uniform irradiance.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a lighting apparatus includes a housing, a lamp, and a filter. The housing has a cavity with an opening, and the lamp is disposed within the cavity and is configured to emit electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths of approximately 253.7 nanometers and of approximately 405 nanometers. And the filter is mounted adjacent to the opening and is configured to pass the emitted electromagnetic radiation at the wavelength of approximately 253.7 nanometers with a transmissivity of at least approximately 70% and at the wavelength of approximately 405 nanometers with a transmissivity of no more than approximately 5%.

Abstract: An X-ray detector according to embodiments is an X-ray detector of a direct conversion type in which a plurality of X-ray detection elements are arranged in a column direction and a channel direction and voltage is applied between anodes and cathodes. The X-ray detector includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry performs control so as not to use, for generation of image data, data from the X-ray detection elements in end portions in one of the column direction and the channel direction of the X-ray detection elements, and so as to use, for generation of image data, data from the X-ray detection elements in other than the end portions.

Abstract: A wearable UV sensor includes a UV pass filter; a UV phosphor material; and a visible light sensing device, wherein the UV sensor is configured to receive light including visible light and UV light, wherein the UV pass filter directs the UV light to the UV phosphor material and the UV phosphor material fluoresces visible light in proportion to the UV light from the UV pass filter, and the visible light sensing device measures the visible light fluorescing from the UV phosphor material to determine the amount of the UV light entering the sensor, which correlates to the UV exposure of a subject wearing the UV sensor.

Abstract: A foot pedal assembly for controlling a robotic surgical system. The foot pedal assembly including a foot pedal base, a foot pedal and a sensor. The foot pedal moves relative to the foot pedal base and has a contact surface extending from a distal end to a proximal end of the foot pedal. The contact surface is to come into contact with a foot of a user during use of the foot pedal assembly for controlling the robotic surgical system and the distal end is farther away from a heel of the foot than the proximal end during use of the assembly for controlling the robotic surgical system. The sensor is coupled to the contact surface of the foot pedal at a position closer to the proximal end than the distal end, and the sensor is operable to sense a target object positioned a distance over the contact surface.

Abstract: A nanoscale bolometer for infrared (IR) thermal imaging comprises a subwavelength antenna that provides a specific detectivity approaching a fundamental, thermodynamic limit. The uncooled nanobolometer achieves performance comparable to cooled, high-performance, semiconductor photodetectors, but with significantly reduced size, weight, power, and cost.

Abstract: A measuring arrangement (20) for x-ray radiation, comprising—a sample position (3), which can be illuminated by xray radiation (2) and—an x-ray detector (13) for detecting x-ray radiation emitted from the sample position (3), comprising at least one detector module (21-24), wherein the detector module (21-24) has a plurality of sensor elements (14; 14a-14e) arranged successively in a measuring direction (MR), each sensor element having a centroid (18), wherein the sensor elements (14; 14a-14e) are arranged in a common sensor plane (16) of the detector module (21-24), is characterized in that at least a majority of the sensor elements (14; 14a-14e) of the detector module (21-24), preferably all the sensor elements (14; 14a-14e) of the detector module (21-24), are designed as uniformly spaced sensor elements (14; 14a-14e), wherein the centroids (18) of the sensor elements (14; 14a-14e) have an equal distance R0 from the sample position (3).

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to systems and methods for isocenter calibration. The method includes providing a phantom including a first member and a second member with a fixed position relationship. The method includes acquiring, using a first device, at least one first image of the first member of the phantom. The method includes determining, based on the at least one first image, a first position relationship between a first isocenter of the first device and the first member. The method includes acquiring, using a second device, at least one second image of the second member of the phantom. The method includes determining, based on the at least one second image and the fixed position relationship, a second position relationship between a second isocenter of the second device and the first member. The method includes determining, based on the first position relationship and the second position relationship, a third position relationship between the first isocenter and the second isocenter.

Abstract: In a preliminary measurement, spectrums obtained by detecting characteristic X-rays emitted from preliminary measurement points are transmitted to a spectrum processing unit via a noise filter unit. In a main measurement, a spectrum obtained by detecting characteristic X-rays emitted from a main measurement point is transmitted to the spectrum processing unit by bypassing the noise filter unit. The noise filter unit includes a machine learning type filter constituted of a CNN or the like. In a learning process, teacher data are generated using artificially-generated noise.

Abstract: A PET detecting module may include a scintillator array configured to receive a radiation ray and generate optical signals in response to the received radiation ray. The scintillator array may have a plurality of rows of scintillators arranged in a first direction and a plurality of columns of scintillators arranged in a second direction. A first group of light guides may be arranged on a top surface of the scintillator array along the first direction. The light guide count of the first group of light guides may be less than the row count of the plurality of rows of scintillators. A second group of light guides may be arranged on a bottom surface of the scintillator array. The light guide count of the second group of light guides may be less than the column count of the plurality of columns of scintillators.

Abstract: An optical detection device having a light detection device and a light emission device is arranged such that the light detection side of the light detection device is optically coupled to a light emission side of a light source array of the light emission device via an examination region. The light detection device generates an electrical signal n response to light that reaches the light detection side. The light source array includes a plurality of separately actuatable electric light sources which are arranged in a matrix structure or two dimensional geometric arrangement. The object to be examined can be arranged in a desired fashion, and the light emitted by the light sources radiates via the examination region on the light detection side of the light detection device. An optical reduction is system is arranged in the beam path from the light emission side to the examination region and is configured to demagnify the light pattern which is emitted by the light sources.

Abstract: A difference in wiring capacitance between bias lines is reduced by equalizing, for pixels A connected to a signal line from a first direction and pixels B connected to the signal line from a second direction, the numbers of the pixels A and the pixels B where the pixels A and the pixels B are each connected to the corresponding bias line.

Abstract: Although the efficiency of fluoroscopy has always been well known in the Dental clinic, the extra-oral methods that were approached to realize it have always needed a large x-ray dose. This invention lowered the exposure of patient and operator at an extreme level by implementing an intraoral sensor of small area using multiple pickup binning that enhance pulsed x-ray and Signal to noise ratio (SNR) to lower the dose necessary for video. Additionally, it can be used efficiently in dental procedures by suggesting Guide Support Device that includes bite block and open block in between the sensor and emitter for an accurate and convenient scan.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for testing solder joints of a PCB assembly using fluorescent-dye penetrants. The use of a suitable fluorescent-dye penetrant may significantly improve the sensitivity of a Dye and Pry test to dye indications compared to a typical sensitivity achievable thereby with a conventional dye penetrant. Some embodiments may use an automated fluorescence imaging system employing a translation stage to sequentially move individual solder-joint parts of a circuit under test into the field of view of a fluorescence microscope and a high-resolution digital camera to capture fluorescence images of the individual solder-joint parts. The movement of the translation stage and processing of the fluorescence images may be referenced to an electronic CAD file of the circuit to enable high-precision automated scanning of the solder-joint parts in the fluorescence imaging system, automated quantification of the extent of cracks in individual solder joints, and automatic generation of examination reports.