Abstract: Compounds that may be used to inhibit histone deacetylase having the formula Z-Q-L-M or Z-L-M wherein M is a substituent capable of complexing with a deacetylase catalytic site and/or a metal ion; L is a substituent providing between 0–10 atoms separation between the M substituent and the remainder of the compound; and Z and Q are as defined herein.

Abstract: A compound comprising or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof, wherein the dashed line represents the presence or absence of a double bond; J is C?O or CHOH; A is —(CH2)6—, or cis —CH2CH?CH—(CH2)3—, wherein 1 or 2 carbons may be substituted with S or O; B is CO2H, or CO2R, CONR2, CONHCH2CH2OH, CON(CH2CH2OH)2, CH2OR, P(O)(OR)2, CONRSO2R, SONR2, or R is H, C1-6 alkyl; D is —(CH2)n—, —X(CH2)n, or —(CH2)nX—, wherein n is from 0 to 3 and X is S or O; and E is an aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety having from 0 to 4 substituents, said substituents each comprising from 1 to 6 non-hydrogen atoms is disclosed herein. Methods, compositions, and medicaments related thereto, as well as experimental results showing prostaglandin EP4 selective agonist activity for certain compounds disclosed herein, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compounds and methods for using them to treat diseases with aminothiophene inhibitors of IKK-? phosphorylation of I?B. In so doing these aminothiophene inhibitors block pathological activation of transcription factor NF-?B in which diseases excessive activation of NF-?B is implicated.

Abstract: The invention encompasses the novel class of compounds represented by the formula below, which are inhibitors of the PTP-1B enzyme. The invention also encompasses pharmaceutical compositions which include the compounds shown above and methods of treating or preventing PTP-1B mediated diseases, including diabetes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an azole compound represented by the formula [I] wherein W is S or O; R is —COOR7, —X1-A1-COOR7 (R7 is H, alkyl) or tetrazolyl; R1, R2, R3 and R4 are H and the like; A is —(CH2)m—X— (X is —N(R8)—, —C(R9)(R10)—, —CO— or —CO—N(R8)—); B is aryl or aromatic heterocyclic group; R5 is H and the like; R6 is —(Y)s1-(A2)s-Z (Y is —O—, —S(O)t—, —N(R13)—, —N(R14)—CO—, —N(R14)—SO2—, —SO2—N(R14)— and the like, A2 is alkylene, and Z is cycloalkyl, aryl, aromatic heterocyclic group, indanyl, piperazinyl, a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compound [I] of the present invention has a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity, and is useful as a therapeutic agent for diabetes, a therapeutic drug for diabetic complications or a therapeutic drug for hyperlipidemia.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to substituted naphthyl benzothiophene acids and methods of using them.

Abstract: This patent discloses a substituted fullerenes, compositions comprising the same, and their use as antioxidants. The substituted fullerenes comprise a fullerene core (Cn) and at least one of: (i) from 1 to 6 (>CX1X2) groups bonded to the fullerene core; (ii) from 1 to 18 —X3 groups bonded to the fullerene core; (iii) from 1 to 6 —X4— groups bonded to the fullerene core; or (iv) from 1 to 6 dendrons bonded to the fullerene core.

Abstract: A novel terthiophene-3-carboxylic acid compound is disclosed that a functionalized conductive terthiophene polymer having carboxylic groups produced in an electrochemical method using the compound as a monomer and a novel process for detecting DNA hybridization through impedance measurement using the polymer. In addition, a method for manufacturing a probe DNA used in the process for detecting DNA hybridization is provided. Since the process can detect DNA hybridization using impedance change, without the use of any indicator, small-sized sensor systems which measure impedance in a particular frequency range can be fabricated. The systems are applicable to portable sensors for identifying DNA sequence hybridization for clinical examination and disease diagnosis. Further, the process has an excellent selectivity of complementary sequences to mismatched sequences.

Abstract: A compound of general formula 1 wherein R1, R5, R6, A, B, Y, i, j and m are defined as in the description and claims. It is another object of the present invention to provide pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of at least one of the compounds of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I: wherein X represents a 5-(R-substituted)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl moiety are inhibitors of gamma-secretase, and hence useful for treating Alzheimer's disease

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds and methods of administering compounds to a subject that can reduce ?APP production and that is not toxic in a wide range of dosages. The present invention also provides non-carbamate compounds and methods of administering such compounds to a subject that can reduce ?APP production and that is not tocix in a wide range of dosages. It has been discovered that either the racemic or enantiomerically pure non-carbamate compounds can be used to decrease ?APP production.

Abstract: Novel cyclic compounds and salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, and methods of using such compounds in the treatment of protein tyrosine kinase-associated disorders such as immunologic and oncologic disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thiophene-containing compound and a thiophene-containing compound polymer which are useful for organo-electronic devices such as electrophotographic photoreceptors (photosensitive elements), organic electroluminescent elements and organic transistors. More specifically, the invention relates to a thiophene-containing compound and a thiophene-containing compound polymer which are excellent in terms of both charge-transporting properties and luminous properties.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds that inhibit MMPs; methods for treating or preventing cancer, angiogenesis, arthritis, connective tissue disease, cardiovascular disease, inflammation or autoimmune disease in a mammal; a method for inhibiting a matrix metalloproteinase in vivo or in vitro; and a method for imaging a tumor in vivo or in vitro.

Abstract: ?- and ?-amino acid hydroxyethylamino sulfonamide compounds are effective as retroviral protease inhibitors, and in particular as inhibitors of HIV protease.

Abstract: Fused cyclic compounds, methods of using such compounds in the treatment of nuclear hormone receptor-associated conditions such as cancer and immune disorders, and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and n are as defined in the description and claims, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds are useful for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases which are associated with the antagonism of the glucagon receptor, such as diabetes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for treating the symptoms of an acute or chronic disorder mediated by the classical pathway of the complement cascade, comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or a solvate, hydrate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R7 are defined in the specification, Z is SO or SO2, and Ar is an aromatic or heteroaromatic group as defined herein.

Abstract: A class of benzopyrans, benzothiopyrans, dihydroquinolines, dihydronaphthalenes, and analogs thereof, is described for use in treating cyclooxygenase-2 mediated disorders. Compounds of particular interest are defined by Formula I? wherein X, A1, A2, A3, A4, R, R?, R1 and R2 are as described in the specification.

Abstract: New spisulosine derivatives of use in treating tumors are of the formula (I) wherein: each X is the same or different, and represents H, OH, OR?, SH, SR?, SOR?, SO2R?, NO2, NH2, NHR?, N(R?)2, CN, halogen, C(?O)H, C(?O)CH3, CO2H, CO2CH3, substituted or unsubstituted C1–C18 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2–C18 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2–C18 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic, or two groups X may together form ?O; Y is NR1, OR1, PR1, SR1, or halogen, wherein the number of substituents R1 is selected to suit the valency and each R1 is independently selected of H, OH, C(?O)R?, P(?O)R?R?, substituted or unsubstituted C1–C18 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2–C18 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2–C18 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and wherein the dotted line indicates an optional double bond; each Z is the same different, and represents H, OH, OR?, SH, SR?, SOR?, SO2R?, NO2, NH2, NHR?, N(R?)2, NHC(O)R?, CN, halogen, C(?O