Abstract: The instant invention is a series of novel mono- and disubstituted 3-propyl gamma aminobutyric acids of Formula I The compounds are useful as therapeutic agents in the treatment of epilepsy, faintness attacks, hypokinesia, cranial disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, depression, anxiety, panic, pain, neuropathological disorders, arthritis, sleep disorders, IBS, and gastric damage. Methods of preparing the compounds and useful intermediates are also part of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing hydroxycarboxylic acid esters easily, further at a high reaction selectivity, by using an inexpensive catalyst. That is, the present invention provides a process for producing hydroxycarboxylic acid esters, which comprises hydrogenating dicarboxylic acid diesters having 3 to 20 carbon atoms in the dicarboxylic acid moiety in the presence of a copper catalyst comprising 1 to 40% by weight of copper as copper oxides.

Abstract: An object is to provide a homogeneous composite metallic soap containing molybdenum in high yields. A composite metallic soap containing molybdenum is produced by reacting a fatty acid and a molybdenum compound under conditions where the fatty acid is in excess to synthesize a molybdenum soap and then adding a metal compound other than the molybdenum compound for reaction with the excess amount of fatty acid or by reacting a molybdenum compound and a fatty acid in the presence of a fatty acid and a metal compound that form a metallic soap having a softening point of 120° C. or less.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing conjugated fatty acid esters. More particularly, this invention relates to a process for producing conjugated fatty acid esters comprising subjecting one or a mixture of unconjugated fatty acid esters to a base-catalyzed isomerization reaction in the presence of only small amounts of catalyst and solvent in a closed vessel at an elevated temperature and under the corresponding autogenic pressure.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a process for hardening lipids, especially unsaturated lipids such as unsaturated fatty oils, by mixing and interacting lipids with polyamines such that the peak melting point of the resulting combination is higher than that of the lipid alone. In this way, the polyamine-treated unsaturated lipid can be converted into a solid or semi-solid state at a relatively lower temperature than the unsaturated lipid alone. The lipid and polyamine combination displays physical attributes that mimic the crystalline structures of saturated lipids and fats without the incurring the associated negative health implications of such saturated lipids and fats.

Abstract: A method for partially refining a crude vegetable oil utilizing physical refining techniques is described. The crude vegetable oil is first degummed by either (1) allowing the crude oil to settle over a period of time, such as twenty days, so that the oil becomes stratified into at least two layers, wherein one layer comprises gums with low oil content and a second layer comprises oil containing only a fraction of the gums originally present and then separating the oil layer from the gum layer, or (2) heating the crude oil to a temperature of about 270-300° F. with agitation and then allowing the crude oil to settle for a period of time until the oil becomes stratified into the at least two layers. The degummed oil is then aerated and agitated while being maintained at a temperature of 170-180° F. for a time period sufficient to obtain a desired oil viscosity. The resulting partially refined oil is suitable for use in industrial applications such as the preparation of urethane foams.

Abstract: Synthetic methods for convenient large scale preparation of D-erythro sphingosines and ceramides of high isomeric purity are described.

Abstract: A process for the branching of saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids and/or alkyl esters thereof comprises subjecting the fatty acids and/or alkyl esters to a skeletal isomerization reaction using a catalyst comprising a crystalline porous structure having incorporated therein a metal to form metal sites on said catalyst and isolating branched fatty acids, alkyl esters thereof, or mixtures thereof, from a reaction mixture obtained by said skeletal isomerization reaction. The catalyst used in the isomerization reaction is preferably a zeolite catalyst containing metal sites of a Group VIII metal. The process produces a mixture of fatty acids and/or alkyl esters that contain significant quantities of branched molecules.

Abstract: An increase in specific antioxidant activity of extracts from rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis) is obtained by the use of a blend of tetrafluoroethane and an organic solvent in the extraction process. A blend of tetrafluoroethane, acetone and methanol improves total yield. A tetrafluoroethane and acetone blend has higher efficacy but comparatively lower yields. The methods yield a liquid and oily antioxidant extract that is readily mixed with a liquid product such as soybean oil for addition to animal feeds and human food. The methods simultaneously yield pharmaceutical-grade essential oils in high yields.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the isolation of oryzanols from rice bran oil soap stock by (a) saponifying the oil present in soap stock with an alkali followed by neutralisation of the excess alkali, (b) converting the soap stock into anhydrous, porous soap noodles, (c) extracting the soap noodles with an organic solvent, (d) crystallising the crude unsaponifiable matter to remove impurities, (e) subjecting the residue to column chromatography to obtain an oryzanol rich fraction, and (f) recrystallising the oryzanol rich fraction using an organic solvent to obtain pure oryzanol.

Abstract: This invention describes a new type of X-ray contrast agents. It has been found that iodinated alkenes containing one or several C═C double bonds substituted with electronic neutral substituents and iodine can be used as X-ray contrast agents. Also new iodoalkene compounds are described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heterogeneous catalyst which is highly active, excellent in selectivity and free from elution of its catalyst-components during reaction and which has long lifetime. That is, a phosphate of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium and iron is used as the catalyst for transesterification of the present invention.

Abstract: Novel amides are disclosed, in particular amides of the all-trans-retinoic acid or 13-cis-retinoic acid and arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid or linoleic acid with 2-aminoethanol, alpha-L-serine, alpha-L-threonine, alpha-L-tyrosine containing phosphate groups. Further, the present invention discloses the synthesis and use of these compounds, in particular their pharmaceutical application.

Abstract: Quaternized monoalkyl compounds derived from fatty acids are described. The quats are produced from fatty acid materials which contain at least about 30% by weight of larger chains containing at least 20 carbons in length. Personal care products produced using these quats are also described.

Abstract: A method for producing fatty acid alkyl esters from a feedstock, involving: (a) saponifying the feedstock with an alkali to form a saponified feedstock, (b) removing the water from the saponified feedstock to form a dried saponified feedstock containing no more than about 10% water, (c) esterifying the dried saponified feedstock with an alcohol in the presence of an inorganic acid catalyst to form fatty acid alkyl esters even with water present at levels up to about 3 wt %, and (d) recovering the fatty acid alkyl esters.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for separating outer birch bark from inner birch bark. The invention also provides methods for isolating betulin; lupeol; betulinic acid; 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid; 9,10,18-trihydroxyoctadecanoic acid; polyphenolic polymers and fatty acids from birch bark.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for conducting a mass transfer between a gas and a liquid, or for conducting a chemical reaction between a gas and a liquid. The method comprises supplying a liquid into a dynamic mixer, supplying a stripping gas or a reaction gas into the dynamic mixer, and flowing the liquid and the stripping gas or the reaction gas through the dynamic mixer in a turbulent co-current flow. The dynamic mixer includes a columnar casing, a rotor within the casing, which rotor has blades along substantially an entire length thereof, and stator blades positioned between the rotor blades within the casing along substantially an entire length of the casing.

Abstract: Described herein are novel structured lipids as well as novel mixtures comprising structured lipids. Also described herein are enzymatic methods of forming these structured lipids and mixtures comprising structured lipids. Also described herein are methods of modulating total cholesterol levels, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerol levels, and/or the ratio of T-helper cells to T-cytotoxic cells in an individual comprising administrating a structured lipid mixture as provided herein. It is further an object to provide a method of modulating weight in an individual comprising administrating a structured lipid mixture as provided herein.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of carcinoma in a human is disclosed, including administering to a human a therapeutically effective amount of 9-cis, 11-trans octadecadienoic acid formed by reacting an ester of ricinoleic acid with a tosyl chloride or a mesyl chloride to form a tosylate or mesylate of an ester of ricinoleic acid, and reacting the tosylate or mesylate of an ester of ricinoleic acid with diazabicyclo-undecene. The method includes administering to a human a purified conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) produced by a novel synthesis process for producing 9-cis, 11-trans octadecadienoic acid at room temperature in high yield including providing a tosylate or mesylate of a methyl ester of ricinoleic acid and providing a purified 9-cis, 11-trans octadecadienoic acid formed when the tosylate or mesylate reacts with diazabicyclo-undecene.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antioxidant carotenoid composition substantially free of lutein comprising lutein esters. This antioxidant composition may readily be formulated into products for administration to humans to provide protection from the harmful effects of free radicals. The invention also provides a method of preventing or inhibiting the harmful effects of free radicals by administering an effective amount of an antioxidant carotenoid composition substantially free of lutein comprising lutein esters.