Abstract: A used lubricating oil is reclaimed by vacuum distillation. The bottoms is vacuum pyrolyzed with limestone to form a virtually insoluble coked mass containing insoluble metal carbonates and free metal. This solid coked residuum is suitable for landfilling.

Abstract: In a process for thermal cracking of heavy oils in which a heavy petroleum oil is caused to contact a heated fluidized bed of solid particles in the presence of steam thereby to obtain principally light petroelum oils, the solid particles are stable at the temperature of the thermal cracking and are of substantially spherical shape of porous nature of a pore volume of 0.10 to 1.0 cm.sup.3 /g, a specific surface area of 50 to 1,500 m.sup.2 /g, and a weight-mean diameter of 0.025 to 0.25 mm.

Abstract: Graphite having a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than 5.times.10.sup.-7 cm/cm/.degree.C. over the range of 0.degree.-50.degree. C. is produced from premium petroleum cokes. The cokes are produced from feedstocks selected and blended on the basis of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the hydrogen atoms in the raw material and multiple linear regression analysis of the various NMR bands as applied to a statistically significant number of feedstocks known to produce premium needle cokes together with a variable relating to thermal reactivity used to derive a predictive equation for the coefficient of thermal expansion.

Abstract: The elution of zinc from zinc-impregnated zeolite catalysts is minimized by incorporating gallium into the catalyst composition. Optionally, palladium may also be included in the composition. The catalyst composition is used to effect the conversion of propane in hydrocarbon streams to aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A catalytic cracking process comprising secondary injection of an additive catalyst, ZSM-5 type zeolite, at a point downstream of the point of introduction of the hydrocarbon feed is disclosed.

Abstract: Lubricating compositions containing an oxidation inhibitor, copper and lead corrosion inhibitors and boron-containing heterocyclic compounds or metal derivatives thereof, which have extreme pressure, anti-wear and friction reducing properties are disclosed.

Abstract: A pitch which affords a carbon fiber having a high strength and a high elastic modulus is obtained by treating a pitch containing 5 to 35 weight percent of an optically anisotropic region with sulfur.

Abstract: Isomerization is effected at improved conversion and selectivity by use of a 0.5 w %-2.5 w % platinum-palladium group metal on hydrogen mordenite catalyst, silica to alumina mole ratio in the range of 10:1 to 20:1, the catalyst having been calcined at 1200.degree. F.-1500.degree. F. prior to use whereby it acquires activated sites not present in mordenite calcined at lower temperature.

Abstract: Oxidation catalysts which in addition to oxygen ions, with or without NH.sub.4.sup.+ ions, contain molybdenum, tungsten, phosphorus and antimony as basic components, in the atomic ratio Mo:W:P:Sb=12:0.1-3:0.1-4:0.1-3, and which are prepared in a conventional manner by combining molybdenum, phosphorus, antimony and tungsten compounds in aqueous solutions or suspensions, removing the water and calcining the residues, the combination being carried out at chloride ion concentrations of less than 0.3 mole per mole of molybdenum and in the presence of ions of monocarboxylic acids of 1 or 2 carbon atoms, dicarboxylic acids or hydroxycarboxylic acids, are particularly suitable for the gas phase oxidation of methacrolein to methacrylic acid.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing hydrocarbons from a methane source which comprises contacting methane with an oxide of Ru having combined therewith an amount of alkali and/or alkaline earth metal which is sufficient to improve the selectivity to higher hydrocarbon products. The oxide is reduced by the contact which is carried at about 500.degree. to 1000.degree. C. Reducible oxides of Ru are regenerated by oxidizing the reduced composition with oxygen. Bulk ruthenium oxides promoted by sodium and/or compounds thereof are particularly preferred contact solids.

Abstract: Vinyl aromatic compounds are stabilized against undesired polymerization by adding to the vinyl aromatic compounds small amounts of at least one N,N' dimer of phenothiazine or a substituted phenothiazine and at least one mono- or ditertiary alkylphenol.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbon oil to be processed is subjected to a treatment at elevated temperature and superatmospheric pressure in the presence of dispersed solids and molecular hydrogen and recycled hydrogen donor oil. By this treatment, a certain part of the asphaltenes absorbed on the solids may be coked. The product of that donor solvent hydrovisbreaking (DSV) is distilled. The distillate or distillates is or are catalytically hydrogenated. The visbreaking residue is used for the production of hydrogen. The hydrogenated products are separated in hydrocarbon fractions and are then processed further to fuels and/or petrochemical products and a part of the hydrogenated products is recycled as inherent donor solvent.

Abstract: Vinyl aromatic compounds are stabilized against undesired polymerization by adding to the vinyl aromatic compounds small amounts of at least one N,N' dimer of phenothiazine or a substituted phenothiazine and at least one mono- or ditertiary alkyl catechol and/or at least one mono- or ditertiary alkylhydroquinone.

Abstract: A heavy hydrocarbon feed stock is, after being heat-treated in a first cracking zone, is introduced into a second thermal cracking zone for obtaining a thermally cracked product and a pitch product. The second cracking zone has a plurality of cracking reactors which are connected in series, through which is successively passed the treated feed stock and to each of which is supplied a gaseous heat transfer medium to maintain the liquid phase therein at a temperature sufficient for effecting the thermal cracking and to strip the resulting distillable, cracked components from the liquid phase. The thermal cracking temperature in one reactor is so controlled as to become higher than that in its adjacent upstream-side reactor. The distillable, cracked components in respective reactors are removed overhead therefrom and separated into a heavy fraction and a light fraction, while the liquid phase in the downstream-end reactor is discharged therefrom for recovery as the pitch product.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrocarbons suitable for use as a chemical feedstock uses coal (10) and methane-rich gas (56) as raw materials. The coal and gas are heated over 6000.degree. F. (3316.degree. C.) in an electric-arc (14) forming an atomic plasma (16). The plasma is cooled and held (18) between 5000.degree. and 6000.degree. F. (2760.degree. and 3316.degree. C.) to allow formation of the desired hydrocarbons. The product stream (22) is then quenched (24) and the hydrocarbons separated (40, 42).

Abstract: Coal extracts from hydrogenative liquid extraction of coals can be more easily and more quickly filtered if the extraction is carried out at a temperature over 420.degree. C. and the resulting extract is fractionated using a cut point in the range 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. to remove low boiling material. The product is then filtered to give a filtrate containing less than 0.1% by weight of mineral matter.

Abstract: A catalyst containing tungsten, copper, and an alkali or alkaline earth component on a support, preferably silica gel, is disclosed which is useful in reverse disproportionation of stilbene and ethylene to produce styrene.

Abstract: Lubricant components of high viscosity index are selectively separated from hydrocarbon base stocks by a selective sorption process using an intermediate pore size zeolite such as ZSM-5 as the sorbent. The process is of particular utility with synthetic lubricant stocks produced by the oligomerization of light olefins. The sorbed components may be desorbed from the zeolite to recover a high VI lubricant.

Abstract: A mixture of an alkali carbonate solvent salt, titanium oxide, an alkaline earth reactant selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, strontium oxide and mixtures thereof, and alkaline earth titanate seed is heated to melt the carbonate salt solvent in which the titanium oxide and alkaline earth reactant dissolve and react precipitating a titanate selected from the group consisting of barium titanate, strontium titanate and mixtures or solutions thereof onto said titanate seed producing large crystal sized powder, said titanate seed not differing significantly in chemical composition from the titanate being precipitated thereon.

Abstract: A novel process for separating high viscosity bitumen from tar sand. The process includes grinding the tar sand to obtain phase disengagement of the bitumen phase from the sand phase and thereafter using flotation techniques to obtain phase separation of the bitumen phase from the sand phase. Phase disengagement is assisted by using a suitable wetting agent such as sodium carbonate or sodium silicate during the grinding step, while the phase separation step is assisted by the inclusion of a promoter oil for the flotation step.