Abstract: Desulfurization and refining of aromatic hydrocarbon fraction containing organic sulfur compounds by catalytic hydrotreating can be performed with a high desulfurization rate (99 wt. % or higher) and without a significant loss (1 mol % or less) of the aromatic components.The improved process is characterized by preliminary sulfurization treatment of the catalyst of Co--Mo system, Ni--Mo system or Ni--Co--Mo system using thiophenes, and hydrotreating of the aromatic hydrocarbon fraction using thus treated catalyst at a relatively high temperature.

Abstract: C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -olefins are prepared by catalytic conversion of methanol and/or dimethyl ether in the presence of a zeolite catalyst at elevated temperatures by a process wherein the catalyst used is a borosilicate zeolite which is treated with hydrogen fluoride, molded together with an amorphous aluminosilicate as a binder and then treated with hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: A process for producing liquid hydrocarbons from coal comprises treating comminuted coal at 380.degree. to 600.degree. C. and 260 to 450 bar with water in a high pressure reactor to form a charged supercritical gas phase and a coal residue. Simultaneously with the water treatment, hydrogenation with hydrogen takes place in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is selected from the group consisting of NaOH, KOH, Na.sub.4 SiO.sub.4, NaBO.sub.4, or KOB.sub.2. Then, the gas phase is divided into several fractions by lowering its pressure and temperature. Energy and/or gas is generated from the coal residue.

Abstract: An improved liquefaction process for solid carbonaceous materials wherein at least a portion of the liquefaction is accomplished in the presence of an added hydrogenation catalyst and a solvent containing at least 1.25 wt % donatable hydrogen and in the presence of partially liquefied, solid carbonaceous material at liquefaction conditions. In a preferred embodiment, the liquefaction is accomplished in a plurality of stages and a solvent containing at least 1.25 wt % donatable hydrogen is used in at least one stage, most preferably in the second stage. The partially liquefied solid carbonaceous material may be taken from the bottoms fraction of the effluent from any of the liquefaction stages.

Abstract: A process for purifying hydrocarbonaceous oils containing heteroatom sulfur and heteroatom nitrogen compound impurities comprising the steps of:(1) reacting said hydrocarbonaceous oil with an oxidizing gas containing at least one nitrogen oxide with more than one oxygen atom for each nitrogen atom while maintaining(a) the molar ratio of the nitrogen oxide to the total of the sulfur heteroatom content and the nitrogen heteroatom content to about 1.5:1 or less,(b) the reaction time to about one hour or less,(c) the temperature to about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A catalyst constituted of platinum, rhenium, and tellurium composited with a porous inorganic support material, especially alumina, is more selective in hydrocarbon conversion reactions, particularly reforming, or hydroforming, when pretreated in a sequence which includes the steps of oxidation and dry hydrogen reduction.

Abstract: The conversion of unsaturated compounds to aromatic compounds is carried out using a catalyst comprising bismuth and lanthanide components.

Abstract: Nitrogenous compounds are eliminated from a synthetic hydrocarbon oil such as shale oil by partial hydrogenation followed by solvent extraction using a three-component solvent comprising an organic polar solvent, an acid and water. For example, a furfuryl alcohol, hydrochloric acid and water solution will remove the major quantity of the nitrogen compounds from shale oil which remain following the partial hydrogenation of the shale oil.

Abstract: A lube-oil range hydrocarbon mixture is produced by the oligomerization of a branched olefin mixture which contains olefins of 6 to 16 carbon atoms and has a degree of branching of about 10 to 50 mole percent of branched olefins; the lube-oil range hydrocarbon is obtained by separating and hydrogenating the oligomerized olefins.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion process catalyst comprising an active metallic component comprising at least one metal having hydrocarbon conversion activity and at least one oxygenated phosphorus component, and a support component comprising at least one porous refractory inorganic oxide matrix component and at least one crystalline molecular sieve zeolite component.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon hydroconversion process is disclosed which comprises:combining the chargestock and a minor, effective amount of at least one molybdenum compound prepared by a method which comprises interacting molybdenum metal with at least one peroxy compound in the presence of at least one saturated alcohol having from one to four carbon atoms per molecule to solubilize at least a portion of the molybdenum metal;contacting the molybdenum compound within the chargestock in the presence of a gas selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen-containing gas, a hydrogen sulfide-containing gas, and a gas comprising hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide, at conditions to produce a solid catalyst within the chargestock capable of promoting the hydroconversion of at least a portion of the chargestock;contacting the chargestock containing the catalyst with hydrogen under hydroconversion conditions to hydroconvert at least a portion of the chargestock; andrecovering a hydroconverted hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbons are upgraded and cracked in a process comprising contacting the heavy hydrocarbons with olefins containing 5 or less carbon atoms and a solvent, at a temperature both sufficient for cracking and greater than or equal to the critical temperature of the solvent.

Abstract: A catalyst and process for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene, said catalyst comprising palladium and silver with the palladium concentrated as a skin and the silver distributed throughout.

Abstract: A process is provided for catalytically dewaxing a middle distillate with a ZSM-5 type catalyst. In this process the olefinic by-product is separated and catalytically converted to additional fuel oil and gasoline of good quality.

Abstract: Isomerization of xylene in admixture with ethylbenzene by contact with a zeolite catalyst such as ZSM-5 is improved by use of a zeolite having a catalyst particle size of at least 1 micron and having incorporated thereon two metals such as platinum and magnesium.

Abstract: A process and related apparatus for separating particulate solids from a stream comprising vapors and particulate solids passed in admixture through an elongated contacting zone. The stream is discharged downwardly at an angle to the vertical along the inside wall of a cylindrical disengagement zone and at an angle to the horizontal of greater than 0.degree. and less than 45.degree.. The solids separate due to centripetal acceleration and fall to the bottom of the disengagement zone.

Abstract: A process for catalytic reaction of heavy oils and a particulate solid medium, which comprises withdrawing a part or the whole of the used medium from the reactor, separating the withdrawn particles into the particles which have been rendered magnetic by the deposition thereon of nickel, vanadium, iron and copper originally contained in the heavy oils, and non-magnetic particles, using a high gradient magnetic separator which is so designed that a ferromagnetic matrix is placed in a uniform high magnetic field, and returning the non-magnetic particles of the medium into the reactor for re-use.

Abstract: A method for isomerizing isobutene or n-butene to produce a mixture of isobutene and normal butene, and polymerizing at least a portion thereof to produce isobutene/n-butene codimer, which comprieses feeding at least 80 weight % of either the isobutene or n-butene to a catalytic distillation reactor containing a fixed bed acidic cation exchange resin catalyst packing which provides both the catalyst sites and distillation sites for the reaction products, isomerizing a portion of the isobutene or n-butene to produce a mixture of isobutene and n-butene and reacting at least a portion of the isobutene and n-butene to form codimer of isobutene and n-butene, whereby an overhead fraction containing any unreacted isobutene and n-butene and a bottoms fraction containing codimer is produced. The result of the reaction is substantially the same regardless whether the feed is isobutene or n-butene. Other aspects of the invention, include combinations of procedures to produce high purity isobutene and n-butene.

Abstract: An oxidative dehydrogenation process for a paraffin or mixture of paraffins having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms employing a catalyst composition comprising lithium and titanium. The selectivity of the catalyst composition may be improved by adding manganese to the catalyst composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing raw material containing small amount of quinoline-insoluble component for producing carbon material, comprising the steps of admixing a heavy oil of coal origin or of petroleum origin with an organic solvent having a boiling point of lower than 150.degree. C. and a surfactant which is soluble in the heavy oil and has de-foaming property and de-bubbling property, stirring the thus formed mixture gently with a motive power in a range of 0.5 to 50 watt/m.sup.3 of the mixture, subjecting the mixture to centrifugation thereby removing the solid impurities, and distilling the remaining liquid thereby removing the light fraction to obtain the raw material.