Abstract: Described are anionic surfactants which are made by (1) reacting maleic acid, fumaric acid, or mixtures thereof with at least one selected poly(oxyalkylated) alcohol in the presence of a peroxy-type free radical initiator to form a carboxylic acid group-containing addition product and (2) sulfating said addition product with a sufficient amount of a sulfating agent (i.e. sulfamic acid) to convert at least a major proportion of the terminal hydroxyl groups to sulfate groups. These surfactants exhibit excellent surface activity as well as being highly soluble in caustic solutions.

Abstract: A process for producing a multi-use cleansing agent basically harmless to human skin from d-Limonene, a natural citrus peel oil derivative. The d-Limonene extract, having the basic formula C10H16 is high in citric acid, carbon, and isopropyl compounds and exhibits similarities in organic structure to turpentine, dipentine compounds. The d-Limonene is mixed with a liquid detergent containing ionic and anionic surfactants in a ratio of two parts detergent to one part d-Limonene. To this mixture is added a fifty (50%) percent mixture of bicarbonate of soda and slaked lime solution in a ratio of three parts soda/lime solution to one part d-Limonene to serve as a buffer for the high acid content of the d-Limonene. Water is then added under pressure in a ratio of three parts water to one part of the total mixture to create turbulence and a complete mixing by surface aeration.

Abstract: Methods of rendering water-soluble dyes insoluble comprise contacting a polymer containing X-alkyl-2-oxazolidinone with the desired dye or dyes. The essentially water-insoluble pigments so prepared are useful in a wide variety of uses and, in particular, in coloring soaps, toothpaste, etc.

Abstract: An aqueous anionic surfactant concentrate containing certain low molecular weight organic compounds as viscosity regulators and a method of regulating the viscosity of highly viscous concentrates, e.g. .alpha.-sulfo fatty acid ester surfactants in concentrations about 30% by weight. The viscosity regulators are selected from:(a) a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl monocarboxylic acid substituted in the .alpha.-position by a halogen, cyano or sulfo group, a salt thereof, or an ester thereof with a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkanol,(b) a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkylene dicarboxylic acid substituted in the .alpha.-position by a halogen, cyano or sulfo group, a salt thereof, or an ester thereof with a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkanol,(c) nitrilotriacetic acid and its salts,(d) an ether alcohol containing from 2 to 4 alkylene glycol units and 1 alkoxy group,(e) and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A cleaning composition comprising (a) a halogenated and/or non-halogenated hydrocarbon, (b) a fluorinated alcohol, and optionally (c) a polar organic solvent other than the components (a) and (b), the composition being useful for removing waxes, which are used for temporarily fixing objects to be polished in the electronics or optical industry to a support, from the surfaces of the objects after the detachment from the support.

Abstract: Stabilized aqueous zeolite A suspensions containing a nonionic surfactant as a stabilizer and an anionic surfactant as a stabilizer auxiliary are improved by using at least one sulfated C.sub.10-20 alcohol or substituted alcohol as the stabilizer auxiliary. In a further embodiment, an acid salt may be added to the suspension to adjust the pH to below 12.

Abstract: Built liquid detergent compositions containing a mixture of a condensed phosphate and/or a nitrilotriacetate and zeolite 4 A become rapidly unstable at a pH between 7 and 9, which results in phase separation. Using zeolites of the Y-type results in stable products.

Abstract: A highly alkaline aqueous cleaning dispersion comprising sodium hydroxide, a bulking agent such as sodium carbonate and polyacrylic acid dispersing agent is disclosed and claimed. The dispersion when diluted with water is particularly useful in cleaning strip steel after it leaves the rolling mills prior to annealing or coating. A method of preparing the dispersion is also claimed.

Abstract: Type A, especially type 4A zeolites are well adapted as detergent builders, said zeolites comprising (i) primary particles having a mean particle diameter ranging from 0.1 to 10.mu., (ii) a cation exchange capacity in excess of about 100 mg CaCO.sub.3 /g of anhydrous material, and (iii) a rate constant, relative to the surface area of the zeolite per liter of wash solution, in excess of about 0.15 s.sup.-1 lm.sup.-2. The builders are prepared by first determining the value of the rate constant for a given zeolite sample. Since a higher rate constant value corresponds to a lower degree of salt incrustation on fabrics, only those zeolites having a value above the predetermined minimum will be incorporated into detergents. Thus, zeolites otherwise appearing identical can be differentiated, with only those not causing high levels of incrustation being selected.

Abstract: Rust is removed from metal surfaces by applying a coating of an aqueous solution of a copolymer of maleic acid and monomer of the formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHR wherein R represents H, CH.sub.3, OR.sup.1 or OCOR.sup.1 and R.sup.1 represents CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3. The rust becomes incorporated into the coating during drying and the coating detaches itself from the metal surface for easy removal.

Abstract: A soap-containing formulation capable of becoming transparent on working is subjected to shear between two mutually displaceable surfaces. A shear zone is formed in the formulation as the latter is entrained in the surfaces.

Abstract: Fabric cleaning/conditioning compositions of improved stability are disclosed for use through-the-wash in conjunction with machine dryers. This is accomplished by incorporating a low level of polyethylene glycol into small, discrete amine salt nodules. These nodules pass virtually unchanged through the wash and rinse; become entangled in the fabrics when spun or wrung out; and then melt, spread, and condition the fabrics when heated in a dryer.

Abstract: A process is described for retarding or preventing the setting of a miscible and pumpable crutcher slurry intended to be spray dried to base beads for subsequent conversion to a built synthetic organic nonionic detergent composition. The slurry, which contains described proportions of water softening zeolite, water soluble salt(s), including sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate, and a swelling bentonite, sometimes sets up in the crutcher in which it is being prepared. Often such solidification is spontaneous after the bentonite has been added to the crutcher, and sometimes occurs only minutes after such addition. When 0.5 to 5% of magnesium sulfate is incorporated in the crutcher mix such undesirable setting of the mix is delayed or prevented entirely, and crutching times of at least one hour (and sometimes appreciably longer) are attained, after which the crutcher slurry is still miscible, and is pumpable to a spray drying tower.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition suitable for use in cleaning panes of glass, consisting of a pelleted blend of surfactants, the composition containing:(a) a water-soluble alkali metal polyphosphate of high molecular weight with a P.sub.2 O.sub.5 -content of 60 to 70 weight %;(b) at least one alkali metal carbonate or hydrogen-carbonate;(c) at least one crystalline substance producing an acid reaction in aqueous solution;(d) at least one anion-active and/or non-ionic surfactant; and(e) at least one filler, if desired or convenient.

Abstract: The strength of ice is reduced by dissolving in water prior to freezing a composition of (A) a water-soluble polyhydroxy compound or monoalkylether thereof and (B) a water-soluble organic nonvolatile compound having a hydrophilic group such as amine, carboxyl or carboxylate groups in an amount to provide an effective amount, e.g., on the order of about 0.25-5 weight percent, of (A) plus (B) based on the weight of water. The method is especially useful for application to particulate solids, such as coal and mineral ores, which are shipped and stored in masses exposed to freezing temperatures. Any ice that is formed is physically weak and will not deter the unloading of the thusly conditioned particulate solids.

Abstract: A cleansing composition is disclosed with household and personal care applications and comprises a monopersulfate oxidizing agent and a halide bleaching promoter, to which is added an effervescence promoting compound comprising a perborate salt. The resulting composition is operable and capable of effervescing at an alkaline pH, at which it is also a more effective cleanser.In a further embodiment, the above cleansing composition may include a colorant and a fade control agent comprising a compound providing a soluble halide ion for applications where it is desirable that the color provided by the colorant will fade within a given period of time. Small quantities of the fade control compound are effective, and do not disturb the desired initial color intensity of the solution provided by the colorant.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition and method wherein fluorescent whitening agents are satisfactorily dispersed in fabric softening compositions and viscosity stability of the composition is achieved. The fabric softening and whitening composition comprises:(i) from about 0.5% to about 10% of a cationic surfactant;(ii) from about 0.001% to about 0.3% of a stilbene sulfonic acid fluorescent whitening agent;(iii) from about 0.001% to about 0.5% of a non-ionizable base; and(iv) deionized water.The method for preparing the fabric softening system comprises forming an organic premix of fabric softening cationic surfactant, stilbene sulfonic acid fluorescent whitening agent and non-ionizable base. The organic premix is then added to deionized water containing other fabric softening adjuncts including an acidic pH adjusting agent to obtain pH of 3-6, the combination being stirred to uniformly disperse all components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aqueous alkaline bleach compositions containing hydrogen peroxide. Under alkaline conditions, it is particularly difficult to prevent the hydrogen peroxide decomposing excessively rapidly during storage, but the addition of an alkaline additive minimizes any change in the pH of washing solutions obtained by dissolution of generally bleach free washing compositions containing anionic surfactants. Hydrogen peroxide-containing aqueous alkaline bleach having acceptable peroxide stability can be obtained by employing ethanol or isopropanol in conjunction with a phosphonate, especially ethylene (diamino tetramethylene phosphonate,) particularly with a polyhydroxy carboxylate, preferably gluconate, or an amino acetate. The liquid bleach can contain a small proportion of a surfactant.

Abstract: Detergent compositions with a mixture of a conventional nonionic detergent surfactant, an alkylpolysaccharide detergent surfactant, and a cationic fabric-softening/antistatic compound deposit the cationic material more effectively than prior compositions containing only the conventional nonionic detergent surfactant and the cationic material.

Abstract: Aqueous liquid dishwashing detergent compositions are prepared containing from about 10% to about 50% of an anionic surfactant, from about 2% to about 20% of a relatively highly ethoxylated draining promoting nonionic surfactant, from about 1.5% to about 10% of a suds stabilizing nonionic surfactant, and from about 20% to about 88% water. The compositions exhibit advantages of less filming and spotting for tableware washed in dilute solutions of the compositions after rinsing and drain drying.