Abstract: A potassium titanate, method for manufacturing the potassium titanate, a friction material using the potassium titanate and a resin composition using the potassium titanate are disclosed. The potassium titanate is represented by K2TinO(2n+1) (n=4.0-11.0) and has the highest X-ray diffraction intensity peak (2?) in the range of 11.0°-13.5° with its half width being not less than 0.5°.

Abstract: A Czochralski single crystal manufacturing apparatus uses multiple heaters to improve the controllability of crystal diameter. The power supplied to the multiple heaters is controlled so as to bring the pulling up speed close to a predetermined speed set value, and so as to bring the heater temperatures close to predetermined target temperature values. The ratio of electrical power between the heaters is controlled to agree with a predetermined power ratio set value which varies according to the crystal pulling up length, and the heater temperatures change along with this change, which causes disturbance to the diameter control. To compensate for this, heater temperature changes along with the power ratio set value change are taken into account in advance in the temperature set values. Accordingly, along with change of the power ratio set value, the temperature set values change to values appropriate for the current power ratio set value.

Abstract: The present invention is related to the field of semiconductor processing equipment and methods and provides, in particular, methods and equipment for the sustained, high-volume production of Group III-V compound semiconductor material suitable for fabrication of optic and electronic components, for use as substrates for epitaxial deposition, for wafers and so forth. In preferred embodiments, these methods are optimized for producing Group III-N (nitrogen) compound semiconductor wafers and specifically for producing GaN wafers. Specifically, the method includes reacting an amount of a gaseous Group III precursor as one reactant with an amount of a gaseous Group V component as another reactant in a reaction chamber under conditions sufficient to provide sustained high volume manufacture of the semiconductor material on one or more substrates, with the gaseous Group III precursor continuously provided at a mass flow of 50 g Group III element/hour for at least 48 hours.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cerium-zirconium-base composite oxide, which is useful, e.g., for the purification of exhaust gas discharged from combustion engines such as internal combustion engines and boilers and can release a high level of oxygen in a low temperature region, a method for producing the same, an oxygen storage/release component using the same, an exhaust gas purification catalyst, and an exhaust gas purification method. The cerium-zirconium-base composite oxide satisfies requirements (1) that the oxygen release initiation temperature is 380° C. or below, (2) that the oxygen release amount is not less than 485 ?mol/g, and further (3) that the oxygen release amount at 400° C. is not less than 15 ?mol/g.

Abstract: Catalyst compositions for the treatment of vehicular exhaust gases are based on zirconium and cerium oxides, have a cerium oxide content of at most 50% by weight, a level of reducibility of at least 95% after calcination in air at 600°, and a specific surface area after calcination for 4 hours at 1100° of at least 15 m2/g; such compositions are prepared by forming an aqueous mixture containing zirconium and cerium compounds, by heating this mixture to at least 100° and, after the heating, adjusting it to a basic pH, by adding a surfactant additive to the precipitate obtained from this mixture and by calcinating the precipitate in an inert gas or under vacuum at a temperature of at least 900° and then in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature of at least 600°.

Abstract: A method to prevent build-up of limestone in a slaker that is used for batchwise slaking of burnt lime is described, in which lime slurry is produced with a greater degree of fineness and prolonged sedimentation time, where for immediate cleansing of the slaker before next slaking, after said calibration of the load cell aggregate, a number of valves are opened for given time periods for addition of flushing water to respective nozzles, in that flushing water is supplied sequentially via each valve to associated nozzle(s), until a predetermined amount of flushing water is reached in the slaker.

Abstract: The invention relates to manufacturing titanium dioxide by oxidizing titanium tetrachloride by a multi-stage method, where liquid titanium tetrachloride is used in a first and gaseous titanium tetrachloride is used in a second stage. The process is energetically more favorable and offers the possibility, to a certain extent, of controlling the mean particle size of the end product.

Abstract: A large scale process for preparing fumed silica with consistent product parameters wherein a silica precursor compound is fed to a burner at ?100 Kg/h along with a combusting gas at ?300 m3/h and a combustible gas at ?100 m3/h, with a nozzle gas velocity between 10 and 200 m/s, and a radially symmetrical, homogenous gas velocity and gas temperature.

Abstract: Using a pulling-up apparatus, an oxygen concentration of the monocrystal at a predetermined position in a pulling-up direction is controlled based on a relationship in which the oxygen concentration of the monocrystal is decreased as a flow rate of the inactive gas at a position directly above a free surface of the dopant-added melt is increased when the monocrystal is manufactured with a gas flow volume in the chamber being in the range of 40 L/min to 400 L/min and an inner pressure in the chamber being in the range of 5332 Pa to 79980 Pa. Based on the relationship, oxygen concentration is elevated to manufacture the monocrystal having a desirable oxygen concentration. Because the oxygen concentration is controlled under a condition corresponding to a condition where the gas flow rate is rather slow, the difference between a desirable oxygen concentration profile of the monocrystal and an actual oxygen concentration profile is reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for preparing a dry regenerable sorbent which comprises the steps of obtaining a slurry through formulation, mixing, comminuting and dispersion of the sorbent raw materials, forming the slurry by spray drying to produce sorbent particles, and calcining the sorbent particles. In the step of obtaining a slurry, there is used organic additives (dispersant, a flow control agent, and an organic binder) necessary to obtain a well-dispersed, stable and free-flowing slurry in which the raw materials are present below a sub-micron level (nanosize). The organic additives are removed and decomposed through the calcining. The use of the hydrophilic and high specific surface area support allows the dry regenerable sorbent to have a high reactivity. The solid active component is used instead of a liquid amine used in a conventional wet carbon dioxide capture technology. In addition, the sorbent can be re-used through continuous sorption and regeneration processes.

Abstract: A method of producing a range of diatomaceous earth filter aids having selectable permeabilities and less than about 1 percent by weight total crystalline silica. The method includes milling diatomaceous earth ore to a size range of between about 100 micrometers and about 1400 micrometers; calcining the milled diatomaceous earth in a calciner; and milling the calcined diatomaceous earth in an adjustable milling and classification system to produce diatomaceous earth filter aids. Systems to implement such methods and compositions produced by such methods are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed are mesoporous silica particles and a preparation method thereof, particularly, a method of preparing mesoporous silica particles, including mixing a silica precursor, an alkylamine-based surfactant, and a phosphoric acid-based cosurfactant, thus preparing a mixture solution (a mother liquor); adding or not adding the mixture solution with an acid solution, and conducting stirring, thus providing mesoporous silica particles; and thermally treating the mesoporous silica particles. These mesoporous silica particles are prepared using a phosphoric acid-based cosurfactant for stabilizing the surface of the particles to prevent the aggregation thereof, thereby uniformly distributing the particles.

Abstract: It is provided ultrafine particles of a rutile titanium oxide obtained by maintaining the pH of an aqueous solution of a titanium compound having a Ti concentration of from 0.07 to 5 mol/L in the range of ?1 to 3 in the presence of a chelating agent. Such ultrafine particles of a rutile titanium oxide are useful for photocatalysts, high refractive index materials, ultraviolet absorbing materials and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cerium oxide-zirconium oxide-based mixed oxide having superior platinum dispersibility and a suitable OSC, and a simple production process thereof. The cerium oxide-zirconium oxide-based mixed oxide comprises cerium oxide and zirconium oxide, wherein (1) the weight ratio of CeO2:ZrO2 is 60:40 to 90:10, and (2) the cerium oxide and the zirconium oxide are present as a mixture, the zirconium oxide being composed of a solid solution in which tetragonal or cubic zirconium oxide contains cerium.

Abstract: An aggregated crystalline silicon powder with a BET surface area of 20 to 150 m2/g is provided. The aggregated silicon powder may be doped with phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, europium, erbium, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, thulium, lutetium, lithium, ytterbium, germanium, iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, or zinc.

Abstract: A high exhaust gas-purifying performance is achieved. An exhaust gas-purifying catalyst includes a substrate, a lower layer covering the substrate and including an oxygen storage material and palladium, and an upper layer covering the lower layer and including rhodium and a carrier supporting it. The lower layer is rhodium-free. The upper layer has an oxygen storage capacity lower than that of the lower layer.

Abstract: The invention provides fumed silica comprising aggregates that have an aggregate size and a surface area that satisfy particular formulas relating aggregate size to surface area, as well as aggregates that exhibit particular viscosity, power law exponent index, and/or elastic modulus characteristics when dispersed in liquid media. The invention also provides processes of preparing such fumed silica by combining a silica precursor with a stream of combustible gas, combusting the stream, and producing a stream of combusted gas and fumed silica particles, wherein dopants are introduced, the time/temperature profile, or history, of the stream of combusted gas and fumed silica particles is adjusted to allow for post-quench aggregate growth, and/or additional silica precursor is introduced into the stream of combusted gas.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing an oxidation catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas, capable of achieving an excellent catalytic activity at a lower temperature for particulates and high boiling point hydrocarbons in exhaust gas from internal-combustion engines. A primary firing is performed after mixing nitrate of a first metal element Ln, manganese nitrate, and oxide of a third metal element A. A resultant material from the primary firing is subjected to grinding and then a secondary firing is performed at the range of 600 to 1200° C. for 1 to 5 hours. By doing so, a catalyst comprising a composite metal oxide represented by the general formula LnyMn1-xAxO3 is obtained.

Abstract: A photocatalyst according to the invention comprises a photocatalytic film of a compound of titanium and oxygen and is characterized in that the photocatalytic film is made porous and has 0.02 or higher value as a value calculated by dividing the arithmetical mean deviation of profile Ra with the film thickness. The photocatalytic film can also be specified by the intensity ratio between x-ray diffraction peaks of the anatase structure of titanium oxide. Such a porous photocatalytic material can be obtained by a reactive sputtering method in conditions of adjusting film formation parameters such as the film formation rate, the sputtering pressure, the substrate temperature, the oxygen partial pressure and the like in proper ranges, respectively, and the photocatalyst material is provided with excellent decomposition and hydrophilization capability.

Abstract: A silica base composite photocatalyst that has appropriate water purification capability, inhibiting precipitation of metal oxides; and a process for producing the same. The silica base composite photocatalyst is one composed mainly of a composite oxide phase consisting of an oxide phase (first phase) composed mainly of silica component and a titania phase (second phase) wherein the ratio of presence of the second phase increases aslope toward the surface layer, characterized in that at least one metal oxide selected from among strontium titanate and barium titanate is contained in the second phase.