Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of a stable, liquid adduct comprising reacting a mixture of neopentyl glycol and propylene glycol with a diphenylmethane diisocyanate containing less than 85 percent by weight of the 4,4'-isomer at a temperature of from about 25.degree. C. to about 120.degree. C. in an amount such that said adduct has an isocyanate group content of from about 20 to about 30 percent by weight and wherein the ratio of mole equivalents of neopentyl glycol to mole equivalents of propylene glycol is from 0.05:0.95 to 0.95:0.05, with the further proviso that(i) if the 4,4'-isomer content of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate is not less than 80 percent by weight, then said ratio is from 0.45:0.55 to 0.70:0.30,(ii) if the 4,4'-isomer content of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate is less than 80 percent by weight but not less than 70 percent by weight, then said ratio is from 0.35:0.65 to 0.85:0.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing coated catalysts, inter alia, for gas phase oxidations in organic chemistry, comprised of an inert support and a coating of catalyst material enclosing this support, wherein a suspension of the starting material for the coating is sprayed onto an agitated bed of the support, while the suspending medium is being partially removed by a gas stream, and the raw material is then dried and heat-treated. For this purpose, the support bed is mechanically agitated and loosened by a gas stream blown in from below. The catalyst precursor containing a binder and, if appropriate, a pore-former is sprayed in an increasing amount from above onto the bed, the ratio between suspending medium sprayed on and drawn off remaining about constant. The thermal expansion coefficient of the precursor as a dry powder must not deviate by more than 15% from that of the support.

Abstract: The process in which organic isocyanates are prepared by the oxidative dehydrogenation of the corresponding formamides is improved by operating the process in at least two adiabatic reaction stages in series where no more than 0.7 equivalent of oxygen is fed to the first stage.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is H or alkyl and R.sup.2 is alkyl, alkenyl or phenyl optionally substituted by halogen, (halo)alkyl or methylenedioxy, are useful as insecticides.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preparation of esters or salts of aromatic or etheroaromatic acids having formula Y--Ar--CO--OR (I), where:Ar represents an aromatic group constituted by one or more benzene rings, optionally condensed, or an etheroaromatic nucleus optionally condensed with one or more benzene rings;Y represents from zero to more substituents, equal or different, chosen among a halogen; an alkyl group having up to 6 carbon atoms; an alkoxy group having up to 5 carbon atoms; an ester group --COOR', where R' contains up to 5 carbon atoms; a hydroxyl group; a phenyloxy group, optionally substituted with groups inert under reaction conditions; a trifluoromethyl group; a nitrile group; an amidic group (--CONH.sub.2); an acetamidic group (--NH--CO--CH.sub.3); or an acyl group --CO--R", where R" represents a hydrocarbon group having up to 8 carbon atoms;R represents an alkyl group R.sub.1 having up to 5 carbon atoms or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal M.

Abstract: New A52688 factors A, C, D, E, F, G, H, J and K which have the common general formula: ##STR1## are antibacterial and antineoplastic agents. Methods of preparing the antibiotics by culturing a strain of Mycoleptodiscus terrestris are provided.

Abstract: An alpha-arylacrylonitrile is prepared by reacting an aryl ketone having a removable hydrogen alpha to the carbonyl group with an alkali metal cyanide and aluminum chloride, preferably in the presence of a solvent and a phase transfer catalyst. In a preferred embodiment, the aryl ketone is a tetralone, and the product is a 1-cyano-3,4-dihydronaphthalene which may then be dehydrogenated to a 1-cyanonaphthalene.

Abstract: A process for producing a halogen-containing ethylbenzene derivative represented by the general formula: ##STR1## where X is a halogen atom, and Y is a nitrile group, a carboxyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group or an amidocarbonyl group, which comprises reacting a vinyl compound represented by the general formula:CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--Y (II)where Y is as defined above, with a benzenediazonium salt and halogen ions in a solvent mixture comprising a lower alcohol and/or an ether, and water, under an acidic condition with a mineral acid, in the presence of a monovalent copper compound as a catalyst.

Abstract: This disclosure describes novel substituted aralkanamidobenzoic acids and analogs thereof. These compounds are useful pharmaceutical agents for ameliorating atherosclerosis by inhibiting the formation and development of atherosclerotic lesions in the arterial wall of mammals.

Abstract: A process for preparing an .alpha.-ketonitrile of the formula ##STR1## in which R is optionally substituted aryl, comprising reacting a cyanohydrin of the formula ##STR2## with sulphuryl chloride or thionyl chloride.

Abstract: Ruthenium-on-charcoal and ruthenium-on-carbon black catalysts, containing from 0.1 to 5% by weight of iron, for the preparation of olefinically unsaturated alcohols by selective hydrogenation of the corresponding .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in the liquid phase are prepared by modifying the catalyst with iron only after it has been impregnated with the ruthenium compound, and reducing the catalyst with hydrogen at from 400.degree. to 600.degree. C., with thorough mixing.The catalysts according to the invention are particularly useful for improving the industrially difficult hydrogenation of citral to give the soughtafter fragrances geraniol and nerol.

Abstract: A process for producing a halogen-containing ethylbenzene derivative represented by the general formula: ##STR1## where X is a halogen atom, and W is a nitrile group, a carboxyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group or an amidocarbonyl group, which comprises diazotizing aniline with a nitrite in a solution mixture comprising a hydrophilic organic solvent, an aqueous mineral acid solution and a vinyl compound represented by the general formula:CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--W (II)where W is as defined above, to form a benzenediazonium salt, and reacting the benzenediazonium salt, without isolating it from the reaction system, with said vinyl compound in the presence of halogen ions and a copper compound as a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing polychlorobenzonitrile having chlorine atoms at the 2,6-position by ammoxidation of toluene derivative having chlorine atoms at the 2,6-position with a gas containing ammonia and oxygen in vapor phase in the presence of a catalyst, characterized in that bromine and/or a bromine-containing compound is added to the reaction system.

Abstract: Substituted acetate compounds represented by the formula ##STR1## which are useful as pesticides and pesticidal composition containing the substituted acetate compounds as active ingredients, as well as processes for preparing the compounds and the compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: Carboxylate esters of the formula (I):R.sub.1 --COOR.sub.2wherein R.sub.1 is a tricyclodecyl or tricycloundecyl group, and R.sub.2 is a group of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.3 is hydrogen or a cyano group; ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 is a hydrogen or a cyano group; ##STR3## which are useful as insecticides.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 4-chloro-2-nitrobenzonitrile, which comprises a step for subjecting 2,5-dichloronitrobenzene to a reaction with copper (I) cyanide.

Abstract: A method of preparing an "A-alpha" single stereoisomer of an S-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl S-alpha-isopropylphenylacetate by precipitation from a solution of an "alpha" diastereoisomer pair, S-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl R,S-alpha-isopropylphenylacetate, and optional hydrolysis of the mother liquor and recycle of the components thereof. The phenylacetate "alpha" is prepared from the S-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol and racemic alpha-isopropylphenylacetic acid or reactive derivative thereof.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing coated catalysts, inter alia, for gas phase oxidations in organic chemistry, comprised of an inert support and a coating of catalyst material enclosing this support, wherein a suspension of the starting material for the coating is sprayed onto an agitated bed of the support, while the suspending medium is being partially removed by a gas stream, and the raw material is then dried and heat-treated. For this purpose, the support bed is mechanically agitated and loosened by a gas stream blown in from below. The catalyst precursor containing a binder and, if appropriate, a pore-former is sprayed in an increasing amount from above onto the bed, the ratio between suspending medium sprayed on and drawn off remaining about constant. The thermal expansion coefficient of the precursor as a dry powder must not deviate by more than 15% from that of the support.

Abstract: A phenylethyl substituted dimer of ethylene and maleic anhydride, named 7-phenyloctane-(1,2),(5,6)-dianhydride, is chemically synthesized by(a) alkylating alkyl 2,4-dihalobutyrate with alkyl 2-cyano-3-phenylbutyrate,(b) alkylating the resulting halide condensation product with a carboxylate selected from the group consisting of trialkyl ethane-1,1,2-tricarboxylate and dimethyl cyanoethane-1,2-dicarboxylate,(c) acid hydrolyzing the resulting tetra or pentaester accompanied by decarboxylating, and(d) dehydrating the resulting tetra-acid to yield the desired phenylethyl substituted dimer of ethylene and maleic anhydride,wherein the alkyls in the butyrate and carboxylate ester groups each contain from one to about four carbon atoms and halo is selected from the group consisting of bromo, chloro and iodo.

Abstract: 4-(2-Cyano-4-nitrophenyl)phenols are prepared by reacting a 3-cyano-1-nitrobenzene having a replaceable hydrogen in the 4-position with a phenol having a replaceable hydrogen in the 4-position in an inert solvent and in the presence of a strong base. The 3-cyano-1-nitrobenzene and phenol may be substituted or unsubstituted, and preferred phenols include phenol and 2,6-dialkylphenols.