Abstract: Novel cyclopropane carboxylates in all isomeric forms of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is selected from the group consisting of --O--, --S--, ##STR2## and --SO.sub.2 --, R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of optionally unsaturated alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms optionally containing at least one heteroatom in the carbon chain and optionally substituted with at least one halogen, aryl of 6 to 18 carbon atoms and aralkyl of 7 to 18 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally unsaturated alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, optionally unsaturated cycloalkyl of 3 to 12 carbon atoms and residue of other alcohols used in pyrethrinoids having pesticidal activity for combatting insects, acariens of vegetables and warm-blooded animals and nematodes and novel intermediates.

Abstract: Propionic acid derivatives represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein X indicates an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, Y indicates a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different group, indicating an alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, cycloalkyl group, lower alkoxy group, lower alkoxyalkyl group, phenyl group, respectively, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may form a heterocyclic group together with a nitrogen atom bonding to said R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, and herbicidal compositions employing them.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed for the control of harmful organisms, containing at least one .alpha.-alkylthiocinnamic acid nitrile of the formula ##STR1## in which R is an if necessary, one or more times, the same or differently, substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylthio or trifluoromethyl, aromatic hydrocarbon and R.sub.1 is a straight-chain C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or cyanoethyl, as well as a process for the production of these compounds and a method for the control of said harmful organisms.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of polyamines of the diphenylmethane series having a high diamine content and a low 2,2'-diamino-diphenylmethane content by condensing aniline with formaldehyde in the presence of hydrochloric acid as catalyst, neutralizing the acid catalyst at the end of the condensation reaction and working up the polyamine mixture thus obtained by distillation, characterized in that(a) in a first reaction stage, from 2.0 to 3.5 moles of aniline are reacted with 1 mole of formaldehyde in the presence of hydrochloric acid or a condensation product produced from 2.0 to 3.5 moles of aniline and 1 mole of formaldehyde in the absence of acid catalyst is reacted in the presence of hydrochloric acid at a degree of protonation maintained at 40 to 60% at temperatures below 50.degree. C.

Abstract: 1,7-diphenyl-3-methylaza-7-cyano-8-methylnonane and its antipodes and salts are used for the treatment of diseases.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) ##STR1## and acid addition salts thereof, wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, heteroaryloxy or heteroaralkoxy; andone of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is hydrogen and the others are the same or different and each is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaralkyl; orR.sup.2 is hydrogen and ##STR2## is mono- or bi-cyclic amino, inhibit enterotoxin-induced secretion into the small intestine and are, therefore, useful in treating enterotoxin induced diarrhoea in humans and scours in animals.

Abstract: Pesticidal compounds have the formula: ##STR1## wherein D represents hydrogen or a cyano or ethynyl group;B represents hydrogen or an alkyl or alkenyl group;A represents an alkyl group or a halogeno group or a CF.sub.3 group;n is 0 or an integer of 1-4; andRCOO is the residue of an acid RCOOH which is a 2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane carboxylic acid carrying at the 3-position a dihalovinyl, an alkenyl or a carboalkoxyalkenyl group, provided that (1) when the group --CH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CHB is located at the 4-position on the ring with respect to the ester linkage, then D must be hydrogen and the group carried at the 3-position on the cyclopropane ring of the acid must be a dihalovinyl group and (2) when the group --CH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CHB is located at the 3-position on the ring and D is a CN group, then n must be 0.

Abstract: A cyanohydrination catalyst for the preparation of alphahydroxynitriles from aldehydes and ketones comprises a solid cyclo(D-phenylalanyl-D-histidine) dipeptide having a non-crystalline or amorphous component.

Abstract: Substituted propargyloxyacetonitrile derivative represented by the general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower haloalkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a methylenedioxy group, a nitro group or a cyano group, n represents an integer of 1 to 5 and when n is an integer of 2 or more, R's may be identical or different, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower haloalkyl group or a halogen atom, provided that R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are not simultaneously hydrogen atoms.The compounds have herbicidal and fungicidal activities.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula: ##STR1## which are useful cardiovascular agents.

Abstract: 6-Alkoxy-5-trifluoromethyl-1-naphthoic acids are prepared by (1) cyanating a 6-alkoxytetralone so as to form a 6-alkoxy-1-cyano-3,4-dihydronaphthalene, (2) converting the 6-alkoxy-1-cyano-3,4-dihydronaphthalene to a naphthoic acid precursor selected from a 6-alkoxy-1-cyanonaphthalene and a hydrocarbyl 6-alkoxy-1-naphthoate, (3) halogenating the naphthoic acid precursor to the corresponding 5-halo derivative, (4) trifluoromethylating the 5-halo derivative to replace the 5-halo substituent with a 5-trifluoromethyl group, and (5) hydrolyzing the resultant product to a 6-alkoxy-5-trifluoromethyl-1-naphthoic acid. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the process is conducted so as to prepare 6-methoxy-5-trifluoromethyl-1-naphthoic acid, which, like the other products, is known to be useful as a pharmaceutical intermediate.

Abstract: An alpha-arylacrylonitrile is prepared by reacting an aryl ketone having a removable hydrogen alpha to the carbonyl group with a cyanide ion source which is free of radicals that would stabilize a cyanohydrin corresponding to the aryl ketone and with a Lewis acid, preferably in the presence of a solvent. In a preferred embodiment, the aryl ketone is a tetralone, the cyanide ion source is hydrogen cyanide, the Lewis acid is aluminum chloride, and the product is a 1-cyano-3,4-dihydronaphthalene.

Abstract: Herbicidally effective diphenyl ether compounds of the formula: ##STR1## where, for example, X is a halogen atom or a nitro group, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, and R.sup.2 is a group --OR.sup.3 wherein R.sup.3 is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An alpha-arylacrylonitrile is prepared by reacting an aryl ketone having a removable hydrogen alpha to the carbonyl group with an alkali metal cyanide and a Lewis acid other than aluminum chloride, preferably in the presence of a solvent. In a preferred embodiment, the aryl ketone is a tetralone, the cyanide is sodium cyanide, the Lewis acid is boron trifluoride, and the product is a 1-cyano-3,4-dihydronaphthalene.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula ##STR1## in which Z is ##STR2## wherein X is hydrogen or halogen and Y is --CH or N; R is alkyl, phenyl, trihalomethylphenyl, cyanomethyl, carboalkoxymethyl, ##STR3## alkenyl; and R.sub.1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo-(lower alkyl), or Z; and intermediate alkyl onium salts of the type ##STR4## in which R.sub.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, G is nitrogen or phosphorus and Z' is ##STR5## wherein X is hydrogen or halogen and Y is --CH or N; are herbicides.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of chloro-difluorobenzene compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R is CN or CF.sub.3, comprises the steps of (A) reacting an alkali metal fluoride with 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzonitrile or 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride to form the corresponding 4-fluoro-3,5-dinitrobenzonitrile or 4-fluoro-3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride product.(B) chlorodenitrating the 4-fluoro product of step (A) to form the corresponding 3,5-dichloro-4-fluorobenzonitrile or 3,5-dichloro-4-fluorobenzotrifluoride compound.(C) reacting the 3,5-dichloro-4-fluorobenzonitrile or 3,5-dichloro-4-fluorobenzotrifluoride compound prepared in step (B) with an alkali metal fluoride to form the corresponding 3-chloro-4,5-difluorobenzonitrile or 3-chloro-4,5-difluorobenzotrifluoride compound.

Abstract: A process for producing an aliphatic isocyanate from an aliphatic primary amine comprising a carbonylation step in which an aliphatic primary amine is allowed to react with carbon monoxide at a temperature of about 100.degree.-250.degree. C. in the presence of an aromatic hydroxyl compound having a pKa value of not more than about 11, molecular oxygen and a catalyst system comprising at least one member selected from palladium and rhodium metals and components thereof and at least one member selected from iodine and bromine and compounds thereof and a combined separation and recovery step comprising a pyrolysis-distillation reaction in which the mixture of carbonylated products is heated to a temperature of from about 100.degree. to 300.degree. C.

Abstract: A compound having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 aliphatic and cycloaliphatic, C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 haloaliphatic, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkoxyalkyl, --CH.sub.2 CN, --CH(CH.sub.3)CN or --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CN;R.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, provided that R and R.sub.1 cannot both equal hydrogen at the same time; orR and R.sub.1 taken together form a C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 alkyl or heteroalkyl ring which may be lower alkyl substituted wherein the hetero atom is oxygen or nitrogen, and the herbicidal use of the compound.

Abstract: Cyanohydrins or a solution thereof in an inert solvent are stabilized by treatment with organophosphoric acids.

Abstract: A diisocyanate corresponding to the general formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 represent hydrogen or a C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkyl group provided that two of the radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 represent hydrogen and the third represents an alkyl group containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms. Mixtures of diisocyanates in which the described diisocyanate is a major substituent are also within the scope of this disclosure. Such compounds and mixtures are made by reacting a nitrobenzyl halide, an unsubstituted benzyl halide or a benzyl alcohol in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst with an alkylbenzene or a nitroalkylbenzene and then converting the nitro groups to amino groups by hydrogenation or reduction. The thus-produced amino compound is then phosgenated to form the diisocyanate.The compounds and mixtures of the present invention are useful in the production of polyurethane plastics.