Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for assaying radiation resistance of cancer cells by isolating cancer cells, irradiating the cells, incubating the cells with a labeled marker indicative of cell proliferation, measuring the amount of labeled marker incorporated into the cells in order to determine the effect of radiation on the proliferation of cells, and then determining the relative resistance of the cells to radiation. Also provided are methods of assaying radiation resistance of cancer cells which are exposed to radiation and radio-sensitzing or chemotherapeutic agents.

Abstract: A method of in situ analysis of a biological sample comprising the steps of (a) staining the biological sample with N stains of which a first stain is selected from the group consisting of a first immunohistochemical stain, a first histological stain and a first DNA ploidy stain, and a second stain is selected from the group consisting of a second immunohistochemical stain, a second histological stain and a second DNA ploidy stain, with provisions that N is an integer greater than three and further that (i) if the first stain is the first immunohistochemical stain then the second stain is either the second histological stain or the second DNA ploidy stain; (ii) if the first stain is the first histological stain then the second stain is either the second immunohistochemical stain or the second DNA ploidy stain; whereas (iii) if the first stain is the first DNA ploidy stain then the second stain is either the second immunohistochemical stain or the second histological stain; and (b) using a spectral data collec

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for detecting nucleic acid sequences. In particular, pairs of probes are employed, where the pair defines a substantially contiguous sequence on a target nucleic acid. Each of the pairs has a side chain which forms a stem of the two side chains which non-covalently binds and is capable of forming a cross-link upon activation, when the probes and sample nucleic acid are base paired. Cross-linking of the stems when unbound to complementary DNA is inhibited. Each of the nucleic acids is initially present as single stranded nucleic acid to allow for base pairing, so that the probes bind to homologous target nucleic acid. The assay mixture is activated to provide cross-linking, the double stranded nucleic acid melted, and the process of base pairing, activation and melting repeated, a sufficient number of cycles, to provide a detectable amount of cross-linked probes.

Abstract: A method for rapidly detecting non-viral organisms disclosed. The method involves pelleting an enrichment culture of a sample, optionally washing the pellet, resuspending the pellet in an appropriate reagent before performing a nucleic acid hybridization confirmation test on the sample.

Abstract: Amplification and/or expression of nucleic acids is carried out in a medium immobilized by using an organic and/or inorganic solid matrix penetrating the medium and having a porous, fibrous, reticulated, coiled, capillary, lamellar or folded texture and which includes the components of a cell-free enzyme system of exponential amplification of nucleic acids and/or components of a cell-free enzyme system of nucleic acid expression. In this medium, the progeny of each molecule (clone) and the expression products remain in the same zone of the reaction volume where the matrix molecule was initially located. The method permits cloning of nucleic acids in vitro as well as detection of solitary nuleic acid molecules in the sample studied.

Abstract: The present invention relates to DNA-based methods for universal bacterial detection, for specific detection of the common bacterial pathogens Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis as well as for specific detection of commonly encountered and clinically relevant bacterial antibiotic resistance genes directly from clinical specimens or, alternatively, from a bacterial colony. The above bacterial species can account for as much as 80% of bacterial pathogens isolated in routine microbiology laboratories.

Abstract: Disclosed are materials and methods for performing multiplex assays for nucleic acids, in which a transponder is associated with the bead(s) forming the solid phase used in the assay, nucleic acid probes are bound to the surface of the particles, and data concerning the assay is encoded on the transponder. A dedicated read/write device is used to remotely encode or read the data.

Abstract: This invention relates in general to a genetic control of retinoblastoma and regulation of carcinogenicity. In particular this invention relates to the cloning, isolation, identification and sequencing of the retinoblastoma gene. The invention also relates to the method of use of the cloned retinoblastoma gene cDNA as a tool for diagnosing retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma. Finally, the invention relates to the control and regulatory mechanisms and functions of the retinoblastoma gene in the oncogenesis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for universal detection of bacteria in biological samples and for specific detection of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae in urine or any other biological samples, said method comprising denaturation of bacterial DNA to single stranded form and either fixing it on a support or leaving it in solution, contacting said single stranded genetic material with a labeled probe selected from the group consisting of i) fragments of chromosomal DNA of the above-mentioned bacteria and ii) synthetic oligonucleotides whose sequences are derived either from the said fragments of chromosomal DNAs or from sequences available in data banks, all (i and ii) probes being capable to hybridize specifically to their chromosomal DNA or, in case of universal probes, to any bacterial chromosomal DNA.

Abstract: The invention provides a human ankyrin family protein (ANFP) and polynucleotides which identify and encode ANFP. The invention also provides expression vectors, host cells, antibodies, agonists, and antagonists. The invention also provides methods for diagnosing, treating, or preventing disorders associated with expression of ANFP.

Abstract: The present invention relates to means for the detection and characterization of nucleic acid sequences, as well as variations in nucleic acid sequences. The present invention also relates to methods for forming a nucleic acid cleavage structure on a target sequence and cleaving the nucleic acid cleavage structure in a site-specific manner. The structure-specific nuclease activity of a variety of enzymes is used to cleave the target-dependent cleavage structure, thereby indicating the presence of specific nucleic acid sequences or specific variations thereof.

Abstract: A method of photoelectro-manipulation of target molecules including providing a photoconductive layer of material having a first and a second electrically conductive contact on a first surface thereof and a probe on an opposed second surface. A solution containing target molecules is positioned in electrical contact with the probe. A positive potential is connected between the solution and the first electrically conductive contact and a negative potential is connected between the solution and the second electrically conductive contact. A beam of light is directed through a portion of the photoconductive layer of material to complete an electrical circuit between one of the first and the second electrically conductive contacts and the solution, whereby target molecules in the solution are attracted to or repelled from the probe which is coupled into the electrical circuit by the beam of light.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nucleotide sequence comprising substantially the sequence of nucleotides 229 to 2319 of the sequence shown in FIG. 1 encoding an enzyme having exo-(1.fwdarw.4)-.beta.-D-galactanase activity or a precursor or derivative of such an enzyme, or the functional equivalent of such a sequence. Also disclosed are vectors and hosts comprising the sequence of the invention, and a polypeptide encoded thereby. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of a functionally equivalent enzyme obtainable from tomato fruit are also disclosed.

Abstract: A set of probes for determining HLA-DR types or sub-types includes at least one of the following probes:TGGCAGCTTA AGTTT;CCTAAGAGGG AGTG;GCGAGTGTGG AACCT; andAAGACAGGCG GGC.

Abstract: Heteromultimeric fluorophores are provided for binding to DNA, which allow for the detection of DNA in electrical separations and preparation of probes having high-fluorescent efficiencies and large Stokes shifts. In addition, by appropriate choice of fluorescent molecules, one can use a single narrow wavelength band excitation light source, while obtaining fluorescent emissions having sufficient separation to be readily discriminated.

Abstract: A single stranded nucleic acid probe having a base sequence complementary to the gene to be detected is immobilized onto the surface of an electrode or the tip of an optical fiber, and the nucleic probe is reacted with the gene sample denatured to a single stranded form, and then the nucleic acid probe hybridized with the gene is detected. In this procedure, to the reaction system consisting of the nucleic acid probe and the gene sample, a double stranded nucleic acid recognizing substance capable of binding specifically to the double stranded nucleic acid and being active electrochemically or optically is added. The detection of the nucleic acid probe is conducted by electrochemical or optical determination utilizing the electrode or optical fiber mentioned above. By this method, safer and more convenient detection of the gene is possible at a higher sensitivity even in a reduced time period.

Abstract: A method of locating an inhibitory/instability sequence or sequences within the coding region of an mRNA and modifying the gene encoding that mRNA to remove these inhibitory/instability sequences by making clustered nucleotide substitutions without altering the coding capacity of the gene is disclosed. Constructs containing these mutated genes and host cells containing these constructs are also disclosed. The method and constructs are exemplified by the mutation of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Rev-dependent gag gene to a Rev-independent gag gene. Constructs useful in locating inhibitory/instability sequences within either the coding region or the 3' untranslated region of an mRNA are also disclosed. The exemplified constructs of the invention may also be useful in HIV-1 immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis.

Abstract: A polymer-electrode including (a) a substrate having a conductive working surface; and (b) a polymer layer on the conductive working surface. The polymer layer has a plurality of microfluidic reaction openings distributed throughout the layer. An oligonucleotide probe can be attached to the polymer layer and is available to capture target nucleic acid. A soluble mediator can diffuse freely and transfer electrons from the preselected base in the hybridized nucleic acid to the conductive working surface of the substrate. An electronic signal generated from the electron transfer reaction is detected and quantitated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the preservation of a saliva sample for use in subsequent quantitative chemical assays. The method involves collecting a saliva sample at a location, directly into a specimen cup. The specimen cup contains a predetermined volume of aqueous solution of pH buffered saline and enzymatic inhibitor and is optionally adapted with a constituent compound specific, qualitative test unit.

Abstract: The invention provides nucleic acid molecules derived from a brain tissue library. The nucleic acid molecules are used in applications such as diagnostic methods, screening assays and as hybridization probes and primers.