Abstract: A process for the fusion welding of nickel alloy steel members wherein a ferrite containing pellet is inserted into a cavity in one member and melted by a welding torch. The resulting weld nugget, a fusion of the nickel containing alloy from the members to be welded and the pellet, has a composition which is sufficiently low in nickel content such that ferrite phases occur within the weld nugget, resulting in improved weld properties. The steel alloys encompassed also include alloys containing carbon and manganese, considered nickel equivalents.

Abstract: A variable capacitor is formed by metalized bands around the outside surface of a rigid ceramic tube spaced from each other at opposite ends of the ceramic tube to form capacitor electrodes. An elongated tube of Teflon.RTM. or other deformable resilient resinous material in tubular form is stretched to reduce its outer diameter from its normal diameter which is too large to accommodate the ceramic tube. The rigid dielectric tube is placed over the reduced-diameter liner. Tension is removed from the liner to afford relaxation of the liner, tending to return the liner to its original size and shape. Being confined by the ceramic tube, the liner is unable to do so, but securely engages the inside diameter of the ceramic tube. A threaded conductive piston, of a sufficient diameter to penetrate into and cause cold flow of the deformable liner material, is threaded into the liner, thereby removing air pockets and voids between the liner and ceramic.

Abstract: A trimmer capacitor is encased in an insulating case. The insulating case holds a stator terminal embedded therein. A dielectric stator is fixedly received in the insulating case and is provided with a stator electrode. The stator electrode is electrically connected to the stator terminal by contact with the exposed portion of the stator terminal within the insulating case. A metal rotor having a rotor electrode is placed on the dielectric stator. A projecting step is formed on the upper surface of the metal rotor. The projecting step is received in a throughgoing hole formed in one end of the rotor terminal and in this state the metal rotor is rotatably supported with respect to the rotor terminal. The throughgoing hole is located in the center of a dish-shaped spring portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus and a method for assembling a thermostatic type bellows unit of the type having a cup shaped bellows housing and disposed in spaced relation thereto a corrugated cup shaped diaphragm having a rigid annular flange. The assembling involves pressure welding the diaphragm flange to the housing. The apparatus includes a bottom electrode having a chamber for receiving and supporting the bellows unit and an upper electrode having a central projection which protrudes into the diaphragm and a surrounding collar for biasing the diaphragm flange into abutting engagement with the upper edge of the housing. A suction system including a passage in the electrode projection provides a partial vacuum for drawing the diaphragm into engagement with said upper electrode projection. The chamber is then flushed with a flushing medium.

Abstract: An electrode tip for electric spot welding is formed with a hole which extends from one side of the tip to the end surface of the tip and is arranged to receive one end of a radiant energy conveyor which is intended to transmit a signal indicative of the temperature reached at the end surface of the tip. An insert is fitted within the hole with interference and arranged adjacent to the end surface of the tip in order to ensure the continuity of the said end surface.

Abstract: Method and system for collecting fume and/or waste particulate matter generated in a process used to surface treat, cut, gouge or join a workpiece by means of elevated temperature (e.g. electric arc). The system includes a nozzle for collecting the slag and fume. The nozzle is cooled by fluid. In addition there is a filter to separate particles and to return clean air to the ambient.

Abstract: A capacitive pressure transducer comprising a pair of disc shaped members having planar surfaces made from an insulator material, one of the members being several times thinner than the other plate and flexible and constituting a diaphragm and the other thicker plate constituting a stationary plate. A thin conductive film is formed on the surface of each of the members to form the plates of the capacitor. A glass frit is applied on the marginal edge of each member and when the members are held in adjacent relationship, the assembly is fired to seal the two members together while spacing them a predetermined distance apart so that the two conductive plates are opposite each other and are separated by an open gap of a predetermined distance, the two conductive plates being insulated one from the other. Leads are electrically connected to the conductive plate of each disc through the fused glass frit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for welding an edge surface of a curved metal brake shoe to a substantially flat metal brake shoe table surface. The apparatus has a positioning mechanism which positions the brake shoe table in longitudinal alignment with the brake shoe web with one end portion of the table surface abutting the brake shoe web surface over a predetermined distance and with the table surface diverging away from the brake shoe web edge forming a vertex where the surfaces abut. A wheel is provided for pressing the abutting surfaces together at the vertex. Conductors are used to contact both the brake shoe web and the brake shoe table to provide a high frequency alternating potential to the pieces to induce current to flow therebetween and thereby heat the interfacing surfaces in the area of the vertex.

Abstract: An arc welding process using a consumable stranded wire electrode which is formed either by integrally intertwisting a plurality of wire elements substantially of the same sectional area such that the lines connecting center points of adjacent wire elements do not form a regular polygon in a sectional plane or by integrally intertwisting a plurality of wire elements of different sectional areas such that the lines connecting center points of wire elements of larger diameter do not form a regular polygon in a sectional plane wherein the consumable electrode is imparted with a bending trait and contacted with a surface on the inner periphery and at the outlet end of a conducting tip, and the arc is directed toward a center weld line to thereby obtain a stable arc.

Abstract: A capacitor type displacement or load sensor includes a first electrode constituted by an electrically conductive coiled spring capable of expansion and contraction and a second electrode positioned to face the first electrode without making contact therewith. The second electrode is constituted by an electrically conductive coiled spring or a cylindrical electric conductor. The sensor is constructed such that capacitance between the first and second electrodes varies with a change of a gap between the first and second electrodes or an opposing area of the first and second electrodes caused by the relative displacement occurring therebetween.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved method and apparatus for effecting spot welds between superimposed sheets of galvanized metal. In accordance with the method, one of the electrodes is comprised of a consumable tip component, preferably a steel ball, whereby predictable and repeatable welding conditions are effected at each welding cycle. The invention is further directed to a method of effecting spot welds between galvanized sheets which includes the step of interposing between a conductive carrier electrode and the metal surface a consumable metallic increment having reduced contact area adapted to engage the galvanized sheet, the consumable component being compatible with the ferrous subtrate beneath the galvanized layer.

Abstract: An infrared radiation detector is provided for receiving an infrared radiation emitted from a material being cooked placed in a cooking chamber in a microwave oven. The microwave oven is provided with a keyboard, a digital display and a microcomputer, such that when a temperature operation mode is set by entry from the keyboard the set temperature data is stored in a memory. In the temperature operation mode, the temperature of the material being cooked is detected in terms of a voltage associated with the output from the infrared radiation detector and a magnetron of the microwave oven is energized until the above described detected voltage becomes equal to the set temperature data and the magnetron is deenergized when both coincide with each other. In the temperature operation mode the temperature of the material being cooked is displayed by the digital display.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tube with surface-enlarging elements attached to the inside thereof, which elements are in the form of radially inwardly directed pins welded on the tube wall. A method for forming such a tube also is provided, the method comprising inserting a holder for each pin into the tube and moving the holder outwardly to press the pin against the tube wall while welding the pin thereto.

Abstract: A method of depositing a layer of a metal other than aluminium onto an aluminium-base alloy with the use of surfacing material based on alloying element, wherein the deposition process is conducted at a heat output of the heat source of from 10.sup.3 to 10.sup.5 W per sq cm and the surfacing material being added to the welding pool in an amount of from 20 to 98% by weight, whereafter the metal thus deposited is remelted, with the weld pool volume being increased 1.2-10.0 times each time when the deposited metal is remelted.

Abstract: A hand-held welding torch is disclosed having a pair of foldable handles to ermit maneuvering of the torch in confined spaces. The torch is of the type having a non-consummable electrode radially mounted on a longitudinal shaft which can be inserted into the bore of a tubular member and rotated so that the tip of the electrode moves over a circular path around the axis of the tubular member. In one preferred embodiment, a front handle is coupled to a spring-loaded collet having an expanded end and mounted for axial movement about the shaft upon actuation of the front handle. A set of radially-projecting jaws pivotally mounted immediately about the collet are spread outward to positively grip the bore by movement along the expanded end so that the torch is properly positioned in substantially the center of the bore and supported therein during rotation of the electrode.

Abstract: A confined space welding apparatus which is to interiorly weld a tube to a structure such as a wall of an enlarged chamber. The position of the weld bead is initially determined through a set gage. This set gage is then employed to accurately position the welding electrode within the welding apparatus. The welding apparatus is includes collapsible handles to facilitate insertion of the welding apparatus within the enlarged chamber. The collapsible handles are then moved to their extended operable position and then the welding apparatus is securely clamped within a conduit positioning the welding electrode at the area to be welded.

Abstract: An improved ceramic capacitive pressure transducer adaptable for use in automobiles is disclosed. The pressure transducer comprises a thin flexible diaphragm disc having a capacitor electrode deposited on it. A thick cylindrical base substrate has a top surface with a second capacitor electrode deposited thereon and the diaphragm is bonded to the top surface of the base substrate by an annular glass ring such that the first and second electrodes are separated from each other and face each other directly across an air gap. The diaphragm, the top surface of the base substrate and the annular glass ring form an internal cavity in which a reference vacuum is stored. In response to pressure changes outside of this cavity, the diaphragm will flex and thereby change the capacitance created by the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: In capacitive systems comprising a dielectric sheet 11 having a first electrode 12 on one side, and on the other side in capacitive relation with the first electrode 12, second and third electrodes 13, 14 which are mutually spaced by a gap 15 especially for use in touch control switches, it is desired to achieve a favorable compromise between high capacitance modification as between touched and untouched condition of the first electrode 12, and the total amount of material used to form the electrodes.To this end, the third or outer electrode 14 is shaped to surround at least the major part of the periphery of the second or inner electrode 13, and the ratio of the area of the inner electrode 13 to the area of the outer electrode 14 is greater than 0.25 to 1.

Abstract: An orbiting welding head for welding tubing and the like together. A U-shaped tube clamp unit has a pair of jaws in which two tubing sections to be welded together are held with the edges of such tubing sections in abutment against each other. A welder unit is incorporated in a cassette having a housing with an electrically non-conductive outer wall portion. This cassette is inserted into the U-shaped tube clamp and removably joined thereto by means of a locking ring. The welder unit has a welding electrode which protrudes from a horseshoe shaped rotatable electrode drive member. This drive member has a ball bearing support which comprises a plurality of ball members which protrude from the rotatable drive member at the opposite side faces thereof and which ride in respective grooved races formed in the main body of the cassette. The drive member is rotatably driven by means of a motor driven gear train.

Abstract: Tubing is made by continuously pulling steel strip at a predetermined feed speed from a supply, shaping the strip into a multilayer tube of a predetermined mass per unit length, and advancing the tube at the feed speed through a soldering station. The strip is coated with a solder-type material and an electric current is passed through the tube between a contact engaging the tube in the station and a contact engaging the tube downstream of the station to fuse the solder and tube together. The contact outside the soldering station is displaced so that the spacing between the contact is varied substantially proportionately with the product of the feed speed and the predetermined mass per unit of length of the tube. Downstream of the soldering station the tube and solder are cooled to bond the tube together.