Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the treatment of obesity in a human in need of such treatment which comprises administration to the human of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of a weight loss enhancing beta-3-adrenergic compound of Cycle I, and a different weight loss enhancing adenylate cyclase receptor replenishing compound of Cycle II, in conjunction with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier, wherein the Compound of Cycle I and the compound of Cycle II are administered sequentially. The composition may be present as a kit having each sequence in blister packs.

Abstract: The present invention provides C-glycoside derivatives and salts thereof, wherein B ring is bonded to A ring via —X— and A ring is directly bonded to the glucose residue, and it is usable as a Na+-glucose cotransporter inhibitor, especially for a therapeutic and/or preventive agent for diabetes such as insulin-dependent diabetes (type 1 diabetes) and insulin-independent diabetes (type 2 diabetes), as well as diabetes related diseases such as an insulin-resistant diseases and obesity.

Abstract: A non crystalline or low crystallinity cellulose is able to be formed into a medicine tablet medium. A method of making a tablet of non crystalline or low crystallinity cellulose comprises providing cellulosic material, adding an effective acid in an amount effective to at least wet the cellulosic material, mixing the cellulosic material and acid under conditions effective to form an essentially uniformly wet condition, letting the mixture sit at ambient conditions for a period of time sufficient to form a viscous fluid, adding water or other diluent in an amount sufficient to lower the acid concentration and to form a slurry, dewatering the slurry, removing any residual acid from the dewatered slurry and forming the tablet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new method of treatment for persons meeting diagnoses for major depressive disorder, or other unipolar (non-bipolar, non-psychotic and non-treatment resistant) depression. The method comprises administering a combination of two categories of drugs, antipsychotics or dopamine system stabilizers, in combination with a newer antidepressant such as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, as initial treatment or as soon as possible. The method targets the prevention of suicide, and provides other benefits including preventing disease progression development of tolerance toward the antidepressants. Another aspect of the invention relates to using the method for alleviating cognitive distortion and related functional impairment or health risks, and/or using the method for smoking cessation or nicotine withdrawal.

Abstract: A method and composition for the prophylaxis or treatment of humans or animals for septic shock and sepsis using a mixture of sophorolipids.

Abstract: A method of fluorination comprising reacting monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, composite saccharides formed by bonding of these saccharides with proteins and lipids and saccharides having polyalcohols, aldehydes, ketones and acids of the polyalcohols, and derivatives and condensates of these compounds with a fluorinating agent represented by general formula (I) thermally or under irradiation with microwave or an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength around the microwave region. In accordance with the method, the fluorination at a selected position can be conducted safely at a temperature in the range of 150 to 200° C. where the reaction is difficult in accordance with conventional methods. The above method comprising the irradiation with microwave or an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength around the microwave region can be applied to substrates other than saccharides.

Abstract: This invention features conjugates, degradable linkers, compositions, methods of synthesis, and applications thereof, including cholesterol, folate, galactose, galactosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine, PEG, phospholipid, peptide and human serum albumin (HSA) derived conjugates of biologically active compounds, including antibodies, antivirals, chemotherapeutics, peptides, proteins, hormones, nucleosides, nucleotides, non-nucleosides, and nucleic acids including enzymatic nucleic acids, DNAzymes, allozymes, antisense, dsRNA, siNA, siRNA, triplex oligonucleotides, 2,5-A chimeras, decoys and aptamers.

Abstract: An inkjet ink for use in netpage, Hyperlabel and other applications. The ink includes an IR-absorbing dye of formula (I): wherein M is Ga(A1); A1 is an axial ligand selected from —OH, halogen, —OR3, —OC(O)R4, a hydrophilic ligand and/or a ligand suitable for reducing cofacial interactions; R1 and R2 may be the same or different and are selected from hydrogen or C1-12 alkoxy; R3 is selected from C1-12 alkyl, C5-12 aryl, C5-12 arylalkyl or Si(Rx)(Ry)(Rz); R4 is selected from C1-12 alkyl, C5-12 aryl or C5-12 arylalkyl; Rx, Ry and Rz may be the same or different and are selected from C1-12 alkyl, C5-12 aryl, C5-12 arylalkyl, C1-12 alkoxy, C5-12 aryloxy or C5-12 arylalkoxy; W is a hydrophilic group, each W group being independently selected from a substituent including a sulfonic acid group (including salts thereof), or a substituent comprising a sulfonamide group; n1 is 0, 1, 2 or 3; n2 is 0, 1, 2 or 3; n3 is 0, 1, 2 or 3; n4 is 0, 1, 2 or 3; and at least one of n1, n2, n3 or n4 is greater than 0.

Abstract: The compounds of formula (I), wherein n is an integer from 0 to 4; R1 is a radical selected from the group consisting of H, CH3, CH2-CH3, C(CH3)3, COOH, CONH2 and C?CH; R2, R3, R4 and R5 are radicals independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, (C1-C3)-alkoxyl and (C1-C4)-alkyl; and R6 is a radical selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, (C1-C3)-alkoxyl, (C1-C4)-alkyl, R7, CH?CH—R7 and O—CH2—R7; wherein R7 is phenyl or phenyl mono- or independently di-substituted with F, Cl, Br, (C1-C3)-alkoxyl or (C1-C4)-alkyl, exhibit a similar chemotactic index to that of amygdalin (natural product whose chemotaxis profile is similar to that of peptide T) and, consequently, are useful for treating inflammatory and/or allergic dermatophathies, such as psoriasis, and are especially much less toxic than amygdalin.

Abstract: Provided is a pigment dispersant having excellent pigment dispersibility thus allowing a larger amount of pigments to be blended in various cosmetics, and capability of imparting good sense of use, make-up lasting, odor, and stability over time to the cosmetic. A trehalose fatty acid ester composition prepared by esterifying trehalose with a fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, which has a hydroxyl value of 20 to 500, and the total amount of a diester, a triester, a tetraester and a pentaester in the trehalose fatty acid esters of 10 to 100% by area; and a cosmetic including the trehalose fatty acid ester composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to folates, compositions and uses thereof; In particular, this invention describes a crystalline or amorphous compound which is a substituted or unsubstituted folate or a reduced folate, or the natural or unnatural isomers thereof, of at least one organic base, as well as compositions and uses thereof. The compounds of the invention show a long lasting stability as well as a peculiarly high water-solubility.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a cellulose based optical film material with the following structure: wherein R1 is —H or —C(O)R4, R4 is alkyl or aryl; R2 is —C(O)R5, R5 is alkyl or aryl; R3 comprises one of the group consisting of: phosphinate based group, phosphonate based group, phosphonamide based group, phosphate based group, phosphoramide based group, carbamate based group, carbonate based group, and ester based group. Further, this invention also discloses a method for forming the cellulose based optical film material.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ophthalmic pharmaceutical composition containing acetylated hyaluronic acid and a pharmacologically acceptable carrier. Preferably, the average molecular weight of the acetylated hyaluronic acid is 10,000 to 1,000,000, and the acetyl group substitution number is from 2.0 to 4.0. In a preferred embodiment, this ophthalmic pharmaceutical composition is used in the treatment or prevention of dry eye, and in an even more preferred embodiment it is a dry-eye instillation.

Abstract: A novel crystal form of 1-(?-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-methyl-3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienylmethyl]benzene hemihydrate, and having favorable characteristics, is characterized by its x-ray powder diffraction pattern and/or by its infra-red spectrum.

Abstract: Lymphoma is treated using therapeutic combinations of PDX and gemcitabine by administering to a patient suffering from lymphoma a therapeutically effective amount of PDX in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of gemcitabine. The two agents can be administered together or in either order, although administration of PDX followed by gemcitabine is preferred. As in the case of MTX and Ara-C, synergism is observed, but the extent of the synergism is greater. Further, test results indicate that mechanism of action for combinations of PDX and Gem is different than for MTX and Ara-C, with more emphasis on induction of apoptosis.

Abstract: Methods for concomitant administration of colchicine together with one or more macrolide antibiotics, e.g., clarithromycin, are disclosed. Such methods reduce the dangers commonly associated with such concomitant administration and provide additional benefits.

Abstract: Disclosed is a complex which comprises a carbon nanotube and a modified polysaccharide having a backbone chain with the side thereof being introduced with monosaccharide or oligosaccharide residues. The polysaccharide is preferably ?-1,3-glucan. The complex is prepared by admixing a solution of the modified polysaccharide dissolved in an aprotic polar solvent or a strong alkali solution with an aqueous dispersion of the carbon nanotube, and incubating the mixture.

Abstract: A molecular complex of a high molecular weight carrier substance and of a medicinal substance. The carrier substance has functional groups whereby the carrier substance and the medicinal substance are bound non-covalently. The medicinal substance is insoluble or slightly soluble in water and the carrier substance is readily soluble in water. The carrier substance can be starch or a starch derivative and can have only one functional group for non-covalent binding of the medicinal substance in each molecule.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and compositions to offset, ameliorate and/or alleviate one or more unwanted and/or adverse gastrointestinal effects. For example, in some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to compositions that include a bile acid, a carbohydrate and/or a pharmaceutical compound, wherein the pharmaceutical is associated with an adverse gastrointestinal effect in a subject (e.g., mammal or human). Non-limiting examples of pharmaceutical compounds may include a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a gastric irritating drug (e.g., an antibiotic, an adrenal cortocoid steroid and an anti-cancer drug) and combinations thereof. The disclosure further relates to methods of ameliorating or eliminating at least one adverse gastrointestinal effects of a composition, comprising administering to a subject an aqueous solution comprising a bile acid and a carbohydrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mucoactive agents, such as heparin which are useful in the treatment of diseases where excess mucus is present in the respiratory tract, such as cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In particular, the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions for administration by pulmonary inhalation. It also relates to methods for producing particles suitable for pulmonary inhalation, such as spray drying or jet milling.