Abstract: The present disclosure provides a fluid sensor and a method for fabricating a fluid sensor. The fluid sensor includes a substrate including a first material and having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, wherein the substrate further comprises a recess recessed from the first surface, a first conductive layer over the first surface of the substrate, a protection layer between the first surface of the substrate and the first conductive layer, wherein the protection layer includes a second material, and a through via connected to the recess.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a measurement module for measurement of a multi-electrode resistive sensing element with improved noise performance and accuracy. In some embodiments, stimulation to the sensing element is provided by a current path that originates from a signal source, through a switch block, through a pair of terminals, and ending at a reference node such as ground. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is coupled directly to one or both of the terminals to digitize a voltage. The ADC is coupled to terminals on the sensing element to measure a sensed voltage signal before the sensed signal goes through the switch block. As a result, the measured voltage signal may be free of noise that could be picked up from passing through the switch block, and accuracy of the resistance measurements on the sensing element can be improved.

Abstract: Method for evaluating electromagnetic performance of a permanent-magnet machine, wherein the method is implemented in a computer processer or in a controller of a permanent-magnet machine, calculating the magnetic field distribution by a sub-domain method; using current density of the equivalent current sheet to represent the boundary condition, iterating by the sub-do-main method and by the magnetic circuit method until a convergent result is obtained, calculating the electro-magnetic performance parameters on basis of the convergent result, so as to evaluate the electromagnetic performance.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a measuring system. The measuring system includes an insulative tube, a capacitor and a static charge meter. The insulative tube is configured to allow a fluid to flow therethrough. The capacitor is disposed on a surface of a section of the insulative tube. The capacitor includes a first metallic layer, a second metallic layer opposite to the first metallic layer, and a dielectric layer sandwiched between the first metallic layer and the second metallic layer. The static charge meter is electrically coupled to the capacitor and configured to measure static charge accumulated inside the section of the insulative tube.

Abstract: A method for detecting a phase shift in an output signal of an inductive position sensor by calculating the phase spectrum of the position signal based on a Fast Fourier Transformation of the position signal and comparing the calculated phase spectrums over time to detect changes in the phase spectrums.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a first substrate, a second substrate arranged to be spaced apart from the first substrate, a first cable electrically connecting a first point on the first substrate and a second point on the second substrate, and a second cable electrically connecting a third point on the first substrate and a fourth point on the second substrate. The first substrate may include a first communication circuit, a second communication circuit, a detection circuit, a voltage application unit, and a ground unit, and a second substrate may include a first antenna, a first capacitive element, a second antenna, a second capacitive element, and an isolation circuit. The isolation circuit may isolate a radio frequency (RF) signal between the first path and the second path, and electrically connect the detection circuit to the ground unit through the first cable and the second cable.

Abstract: A voltage measurement system and method is provided. Aspects include a comparator having a positive and a negative input terminal, a processor configured to supply a reference voltage signal to the negative input terminal, wherein the positive input terminal receives an input voltage, setting the reference voltage signal to a zero voltage signal, determine a line frequency of the input voltage based on a timing signal from the comparator and determining a first pulse width of the input signal based on the timing signal, set the reference voltage to a PWM signal with a fixed duty cycle, receive the timing signal from the output of the comparator, determine a rising edge and a falling edge associated with the input voltage based on the timing signal, and determine a peak value of the input voltage based on a second pulse width between the rising and falling edge.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to relay monitoring for electrical systems. An electrical system may include one or more relays, such as steering relays, that switchably couple separate portions of the electrical system. By exercising the relay(s) and measuring voltages on opposite sides of the relay, it may be determined whether the relay is healthy.

Abstract: An aircraft control surface skew and/or loss detection system including an aircraft wing structure having a fixed part and at least two control surface elements wherein the at least two control surface elements are configured to be moveable relative to the fixed part. The detection system also includes a cable operably connected to each of the at least two control surface elements such that a tensile force is applied to the cable upon skew and/or loss of one of the control surface elements. The detections system has a sensor assembly including a first part and a second part, wherein one of the first and second parts has a sensor and wherein the cable is coupled to the second part such that skew and/or loss of one of the control surface elements causes movement of the second part relative to the first part.

Abstract: An electronic device and method for operating the same are provided. The electronic device includes a connector, a first measuring unit, a power source, and a switching unit. The switching unit is configured to switch the electronic device between a first operation mode and a second operation mode. When the first operation mode is selected, the first measuring unit is configured to be electrically coupled between the power source and the connector so as to measure a first electrical signal communicated between the power source and the connector.

Abstract: A transformer area identification method determines a corresponding electric meter mounting relationship by identifying a power jump characteristic based on a power statistic of each node in a power supply network of a transformer area, thereby eliminating the influence of line loss power and increasing identification accuracy. In addition, the identification is performed based on change characteristics of unidentified total power and power of an electric meter in a to-be-identified domain, to reduce interference of a power fluctuation of an identified electric meter to the identification and increase the identification accuracy. Moreover, iterative identification is used, so that the to-be-identified domain is smaller and a convergence speed is faster. The transformer area identification method uses a power jump algorithm to identify the transformer area, thereby eliminating the influence of the line loss power and increasing the identification accuracy.

Abstract: A coating thickness measuring instrument comprising: a magnetic induction probe comprising at least one drive coil and at least one pick-up coil; a driver for driving an alternating current in the or each drive coil; and a detector for detecting the output of the or each pick-up coil; and a processor configured to: apply a transfer function to the detector output to produce an output which corresponds to a measured coating thickness; and, scale both the drive current and detector output simultaneously in response to the output. The scaling may be changed in a step-wise manner. The scaling applied to the drive current may be inversely proportional to the scaling applied to the detector output. The scaling may be defined by a first and second scaling factor, stored as a pair. The instrument may store two or more pairs of scaling factors and select a pair in response to the measured coating thickness.

Abstract: Method for checking load circuits of a control system in an installation, wherein the system includes load circuits with a load unit, a control unit and a clocked power supply that supplies the load circuits with a supply voltage or a supply current via output channels activated by control signals from the control unit, where reference values for currents or voltages are initially determined for predefined installation states in which an output channel is activated and an associated load circuit is supplied with predefined voltage values of the supply voltage or predefined current values of the supply current, reference values determined for the predefined installation states are stored, during a self-test present current values or voltage values on the activated output channel are subsequently measured, and a check is performed, and the corresponding associated load circuit is indicated if a deviation from a tolerance range exists.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor includes at least one MR element and a coil. The coil includes at least one conductor portion. The at least one conductor portion is each located at a position such that a partial magnetic field generated by the conductor portion is applied to one of the at least one MR element, the one corresponding to the conductor portion, and extends along an imaginary curve curving to protrude in a direction away from the corresponding MR element.

Abstract: A method for evaluating the functionality of a ceramic sensor for detecting soot, the sensor including two measurement electrodes exposable to an exhaust and spaced apart from one another, and an electrical resistance heating element. The method includes: activating the resistance heating element to heat up the sensor and to burn soot off the two measurement electrodes; then deactivating the resistance heating element; then waiting for a first predetermined time period and/or waiting until a signal that is received from the sensor and represents the sensor temperature reaches a first predefined value; then measuring a first variable representing the electrical resistance between the measurement electrodes; then evaluating the functionality of the sensor based on the first variable representing the electrical resistance between the measurement electrodes.

Abstract: A method of evaluating current sensor measurements of an electric machine system includes acquiring a first current signal corresponding to a first measurement of a first phase current of a three phase electric current supply to an electric machine, and acquiring a second current signal corresponding to a second measurement of a second phase current of the three phase electric current supply. The method also includes determining a machine velocity, shifting the first current signal by a signal processing component to generate a shifted first current signal having a shifted phase, the signal processing component including a tuning parameter that is a function of the machine velocity, calculating an amplitude difference between the shifted first current signal and the second current signal, and determining a plausibility of the first measurement and the second measurement based on the difference.

Abstract: A wafer probe test system having a probe card with a probe head, a rotary magnet, a magnetic sensor positioned to sense the magnetic field of the rotary magnet and a controller coupled to the probe card, where the probe head has probe needles to engage features of test sites of a wafer in a wafer plane of orthogonal first and second directions, and the rotary magnet is rotatable around an axis of a third direction to provide a magnetic field to the wafer, in which the controller includes a model of magnetic flux density in the first, second and third directions at the respective test sites of the wafer as a function of a rotational angle of the rotary magnet, a probe needle height along the third direction and a measured magnetic flux density of the magnetic sensor.

Abstract: The invention provides a sensor system and methods for detecting the presence of water in an insulating material surrounding plant equipment and/or pipe work. The sensor system comprises a plurality of sensors located in and spatially distributed over the insulating material, each sensor being operable to provide a sensor output indicative of the presence of water in an insulating material. The system also comprises at least one reference sensor operable to provide a reference sensor output indicative of the presence of water in an ambient environment in the vicinity of the plurality of sensors. In addition, the system comprises a processor configured to receive the sensor outputs from the plurality of sensors and the reference sensor output. The processor is configured to correlate the sensor outputs from the plurality of sensors and the reference sensor output to provide a correlation data output for use in evaluating a corrosion condition.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a test system for optically checking an electrical line, including a test area for arranging the electric line; a plurality of prisms surrounding the test area; a camera directed at the prisms, which is designed to optically detect the electric line arranged in the test area through the prisms from different sides; a shielding mechanism, the curved inner contour of which encloses the test area and the prisms at least in the radial direction; an air duct, which is at least indirectly connected to a nozzle directed towards the test area and which is designed to apply a cleaning air stream to at least some prism surfaces facing the test area and thereby to entrain dirt particles present on these prism surfaces; and further air ducts opening into an area of the inner contour of the shielding.

Abstract: A system includes a polymer bag, a fluid network, a saturation block, and a wick. The polymer bag has a sealed envelope and a fitment. The fluid network is coupled to the fitment. The saturation block has a fluid inlet coupled to the fluid network and has a wick chamber. The wick is configured for disposition in the wick chamber.