Abstract: Delayed petroleum coke is calcined in an internally-fired vertical shaft kiln. A downwardly-moving bed of green coke is preheated in the top of the kiln by rising combustion gases, then heat soaked at calcining temperatures in the intermediate section of the kiln, and finally cooled by recycle gas moving upwardly from the lower part of the kiln. Partially cooled calcined coke is recovered from the bottom of the kiln.

Abstract: The coking chamber of a by-product coke oven is formed by a refractory enclosure provided in its top with a charging opening and with an outlet for volatile by-products produced in the coking operation. Forming the bottom of the chamber near the bottom wall of the enclosure, but spaced above it, is a high-temperature resistant metal sole plate, beneath which are electric resistance elements for heating the plate directly in order to coke coal supported by the plate. Opposite sides of the lower part of the chamber may also be formed by electrically heated plates.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for dry quenching coke while simultaneously eliminating pollutants emitted during coke pushing and quenching operations. The method includes pushing the hot coke from a coke oven into a hooded, mobile coke quench car, drawing the pollutants emitted during the push downwardly through the hot coke contained in the quench car to oxidize the pollutants and produce an inert combustion gas, cooling the hot inert gas and utilizing the heat recovered from the gas, cleaning the cooled inert gas, and returning the cooled cleaned inert gas to the quench car for further passage through the hot coke.

Abstract: A device for producing abrasion-proof coke forms from bituminous or brown coal briquettes, charcoal or peat, comprising, a preheating stage, a dehydrating stage, a carbonization stage and a cooling stage, each stacked in a column to form a tower furnace. Each of the stages include an annular zone for receiving the coal or charcoal material and each stage is supplied with a separate and independent gas circuit. Each annular zone is formed between an inner substantially cylindrical jacket and an outer substantially cylindrical jacket with a shaft space defined in the inner cylindrical jacket. Heaters for the gas circuits of the preheating, dehydrating and carbonizing stages are disposed in the shaft space.

Abstract: A method of cooling and dedusting degasification gases which escape from coal degasification chambers particularly gases which are obtained in high temperature or low temperature carbonization of bituminous and subbituminous coals and which pass from degasification chambers through risers and bends into collection mains and in the bends or in the collecting mains themselves which comprises directing crude tar having a temperature in excess of 50.degree. C. and lower than 170.degree. C. into the bends and collecting mains either alone or with water added which has a temperature and is of a quantity such that it completely evaporates in the collecting main.

Abstract: A method of preparing and delivering coal to a coking plant, comprises, conveying the coal to the plant on a moving conveyor while an inert combustion gas is directed over the coal being conveyed. The combustion gas is generated by burning a fuel with air to produce a substantially inert combustion gas which is passed over the coal during its conveying and, thereafter, passed through a cooler for removing the moisture which has been picked up from the coal by the gas. The heating and predrying inert gases are advantageously generated by the direct combustion of air and fuel which are passed through flash dryer tubes and one or more separate separator systems and then delivered into a conveyor pipeline through which the coal is conveyed. A portion of the gases which are generated are also directed with a return gas to a filter for removal of any coal therefrom and to a cooler for removing the moisture picked up from the coal and then back into the stream for delivery to the conveyor for the coal.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for making coke and recovering the heat therefrom for preheating the firing gas to the coke oven. The process involves the use of the coke oven firing gas to extract the sensible heat from the hot coke from the coking oven to both preheat the firing gas for the coke oven and cool the hot coke. Significant economies are achieved in the two-fold function of coke production and heat recovery in accordance with the method disclosed.

Abstract: Hot coke produced in a coke plant is introduced into the lower portion of a sealed interior of a quenching tower. Quenching water is supplied to the hot coke, thereby cooling the hot coke and generating steam and quenching gases which rise from the quenched coke to the upper portion of the interior of the quenching tower. Condensing water is supplied into the upper portion of the interior of the quenching tower, thereby condensing the steam to form quenching water condensate. A water mixture of the condensing water and the quenching water condensate is collected at a midportion of the interior of the quenching tower, and such water mixture is prevented from passing to the lower portion of the interior of the tower. The thus collected water mixture is discharged from the interior of the quenching tower, and the quenching gases remaining in the upper portion of the interior of the quenching tower are removed without being directly discharged into the exterior surrounding environment.

Abstract: Double heating flues are arranged transversely to the horizontal axes of coke oven chambers within heating walls therefor. Side walls between each double heating flue have an internal passageway in the lower part communicating by exit orifices at vertically-spaced locations with the heating flues at the opposite sides of the side wall. The lower parts of the side walls converge horizontally into side wall portions some of which abut against the vertical heating wall and others extend through the vertical heating wall in an alternating arrangement of superimposed bricks. The upper parts of the side walls extend into load-bearing contact with the roof for the coke oven chambers. In the heating walls, three identical stretcher bricks in each course interlock by tongue-and-groove abutment joints. The middle brick abuts in a symmetrical relation with a flue side wall.

Abstract: The system comprises a portable housing having air entrance and air exit openings. A motor connected to a timer operates blowers in the housing to draw air into the entrance openings and through the housing out the exit openings. The housing incorporates an electrostatic air cleaner, a charcoal filter, an ozone gas generator and a negative ion generator to provide treated air having ozone and negative ions and wherein the electrostatic cleaner and charcoal filter physically and chemically remove impurities. This air circulates about an area in which the housing is positioned, the air penetrating and permeating fabric, carpets, rugs and the like in the area to kill odor causing bacteria and essentially sanitize material with which the air comes into contact. A specific application is that of deodorizing and sanitizing the interior of rental automobiles.

Abstract: Charging gases from each coking chamber in a battery of coke ovens are withdrawn through a closable ascension pipe into only a first gas main. The gases liberated during carbonization of the coal charge in each oven chamber are withdrawn through a closable ascension pipe into only a second gas main throughout the remainder of the carbonization process. The gases in each gas main are sprayed with flushing liquor. Gases are continuously transferred from the second gas main through pipes into the first gas main to equalize the gas pressure within the gas mains. Flushing liquor removed from the first gas main is processed to remove the tar content therefrom and to provide a clear flushing liquor which is used to spray charging gases within the first gas main.

Abstract: A method for batch processing wafers by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) dipping methods for uniformity of film thickness wafer-to-wafer and uniformity of film on each individual wafer for use in bubble (domain) memories comprising, supporting a plurality of wafers substantially horizontal on a substrate holder and lowering and immersing said wafers into the melt to be deposited as a thin film on each wafer and, while immersed, continually moving the wafers up and down as well as continually oscillating the wafers through substantially 360.degree..

Abstract: A separator adapted for use as part of a fluid dispenser system for supplying inhalable fluids and including a liquid source, a gas source, nozzle means, and supporting structure positioned so that gas from the gas source is directed by the nozzle means to aspirate liquid from the liquid source and cooperate therewith to form a desired mixture of liquid and gas. The separator includes an inner member having a radial surface extending therefrom. An outer casing surrounds a portion of the inner member and the radial surface extends into engagement with the outer casing and forms a tortuous passageway between the inner member and the outer casing.

Abstract: Any type of door bottom surface can be completely cleaned by the cleaning apparatus of this invention which comprises a carriage which is driven along a pair of horizontal platforms per se forming therebetween a passage for the carriage, a pair of supporting plates pivotably mounted on the carriage, a radial cutter device rotatably held by the supporting plates at the latter's frontward ends, said radial cutter device being cylindrical and having thereon several cutting blades radially extending and longitudinally aligned in parallel, a pair of coil springs charged between said front ends of the supporting plates and front portions of the carriage, and drive means for moving the radial cutter device and the carriage itself.

Abstract: At least a portion of coke produced in a hearth-type furnace is fed into an activation reactor, and at least a portion of the waste gas from the hearth-type furnace is fed to the activation reactor to act as a heating gas and/or an activation gas for the coke feed. Hot waste gas from the activation reactor is passed to a waste-heat boiler. Active coke which has at least partially lost its adsorption capacity may be fed into the furnace in mixture with the coal or alone, or it may be fed directly into the activation reactor for re-activation of the coke.

Abstract: Metallurgical grade silicon is melted and the resulting impure molten metal is continuously flowed downwardly as a thin film through an atmosphere of impurity-reactive gas or gases directly into a crucible, wherein it is subjected to directional solidification. The preferred apparatus for carrying out the process comprises a heated reaction chamber fed peripherally from a superimposed melting chamber, the reaction chamber having horizontally rippled interior wall surfaces of a substantially non-reactive material, such as graphite, silicon carbide, or silicon nitride, so the descending film of molten metal will be agitated and spread laterally. Means are provided for introducing the reactive gas or gases near the bottom of the reaction chamber and for exhausting the spent gas at the top. The reaction chamber is superimposed above and in vertically spaced relationship with an electric furnace, which encircles a columnar crucible.

Abstract: A carbon black with a tint residual below -6 in a rubber composition causes the hysteresis or heat buildup of such a rubber composition to be significantly lower than that of a rubber composition incorporating a carbon black with a higher tint residual, while the abrasion resistance of such rubber compositions incorporating these different blacks remains essentially unchanged. Tint residual is the difference between the measured tint and the tint calculated from the structure, nitrogen surface area, and CTAB surface area in accordance with a specific formula disclosed. Disclosed are carbon black reactor configurations capable of producing carbon black useful in compounding such a low-hysteresis rubber.

Abstract: A method of preheating coal for coking comprises bringing a hot operating gas into direct contact with the coal to preheat the coal. Both the coal and the operating gas are passed into a separator and the separator is operated so as to effect the separation of the coarse preheated coal for delivery to the coke oven from the operating gases and coal dust. The operating gases and coal dust are then passed into a deduster to remove the coal dust from the operating gases. A portion of the removed dust is continuously directed into an accumulator. The dust is either supplied from the deduster or the accumulator to a combustion furnace where it is burned to generate at least a portion of the operating gas.

Abstract: Gas-vapor treating and filter mats composed of glass fibers intermixed with micro-bits of any of an expanded thermoplastic styrene-polymer or expanded thermoplastic lower polyolefin or flexible foam polyurethane and a suitable organic bonding agent, which mat may contain any of fibers of a fiber-forming terephthalate polyester, activated carbon, and gas-vapor adsorbent crystalline zeolite molecular sieve particles.

Abstract: In a slot-type coke oven battery, the sole flues side walls are constructed of two or more courses of clay liners. The sole flues also include a bottom liner means and are topped with rider tile. The intersections of the successive courses of liners are maintained in position by refractory cross-ties. Ports in the rider tile feature internal venturi shapes which enhance the flow of gases therethrough.