Abstract: A process for upgrading of Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis product which comprises separating said product with at least one of a light boiling fraction and/or heavy boiling fractions and contacting said fraction(s) with certain crystalline silicates to obtain an aromatic gasoline and/or a fuel oil having a lowered pour point.

Abstract: It has been discovered and forms the basis of the disclosure that various acid catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion processes such as catalytic cracking of gas oil; xylene isomerization; toluene disproportionation; dealkylation of aromatics; ethylene, butylene, isobutylene, propylene polymerization; olefin isomerization; alcohol dehydration; olefin hydration; alkylation; heavy ends cat cracking, etc. are dramatically improved insofar as percent conversion, and selectivity are concerned by the use of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of the oxides of tungsten, niobium and mixtures thereof, and tungsten or niobium oxides in combination with one or more additional metal oxides selected from the group consisting of tantalum oxide, hafnium oxide, chromium oxide, titanium oxide and zirconium oxide, supported on an inorganic refractory oxide support. These catalysts may be prepared by the methods known in the art, i.e., incipient wetness, impregnation, coprecipitation, etc.

Abstract: Liquified hydrocarbon gases containing at least carbonyl sulfide as an impurity are purified by intimately mixing the liquified hydrocarbon gas with an aqueous absorbent for hydrogen sulfide in a hydrolysis zone maintained at a temperature and a pressure sufficient to maintain the liquified hydrocarbon gas in the liquid state and hydrolyze the carbonyl sulfide to hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. The liquified hydrocarbon gas containing at least a portion of the formed carbonyl sulfide and carbon dioxide is separated from the liquid absorbent and passed to an absorption zone where it is contacted with a liquid hydrogen sulfide absorbent where at least the formed hydrogen sulfide is separated from the liquified petroleum gas. A stage of absorption of at least hydrogen sulfide may proceed mixing of the liquified hydrocarbon gas with the absorbent in the hydrolysis reaction zone.

Abstract: A method for conducting chemical reactions and fractionation of the reaction mixture comprising feeding reactants to a distillation column reactor into a feed zone and concurrently contracting the reactants with a fixed bed catalytic packing to concurrently carry out the reaction and fractionate the reaction mixture.For example, a method for preparing methyl tertiary butyl ether in high purity from a mixed feed stream of isobutene and normal butene comprising feeding the mixed feed stream to a distillation column reactor into a feed zone at the lower end of a distillation reaction zone, and methanol into the upper end of said distillation reaction zone, which is packed with a properly supported cationic ion exchange resin, contacting the C.sub.4 feed and methanol with the catalytic distillation packing to react methanol and isobutene, and concurrently fractionating the ether from the column below the catalytic zone and removing normal butene overhead above the catalytic zone.

Abstract: A process for producing unsaturated hydrocarbons which comprises contacting a paraffin, monoolefin and/or alkylaromatic compounds with a catalyst at a temperature within the range of from 400.degree. to 700.degree. C. in the presence of an inert gas and/or steam. The catalyst comprises a carrier having deposited thereonto an oxide of molybdenum in an amount of from 5 to 35% by weight of the catalyst. As the carrier, use is made of a granulated porous crystalline silica modified with magnesia in an amount of from 1 to 20% by weight of the carrier; a granulated magnesium-titanium carrier consisting of 50 to 95% by weight of MgO and 50 to 5% by weight of TiO.sub.2, or a granulated magnesium-aluminum carrier consisting of 70 to 95% by weight of MgO and 5 to 30% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. Through the spent catalyst an oxygen-containing gas is passed at a temperature within the range of from 400.degree. to 700.degree. until catalytic activity is restored to the catalyst.

Abstract: An improved process for catalytically dewaxing a hydrocarbon oil is disclosed. In this process the waxy oil is contacted in the presence of hydrogen with a dense zeolitic dewaxing catalyst associated with a nickel-tungsten hydrogenation component. The dewaxed oil has unexpectedly good stability and a low bromine number compared with prior-art processed oils. The process may be used to dewax crude oils, fuel oil fractions and lubricating oils.

Abstract: A metal combustion promoter is introduced into the circulating inventory of catalyst in the catalytic cracking process to temporarily change the operating mode of the regenerator and decrease the CO content of the flue gas, thus permitting temporary shutdown of the CO-boiler of CO-incinerator, while continuing operation of the catalytic cracking process. The metal combustion promoters are compounds of platinum, iridium, osmium, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, or rhenium. The described technique permits rapid shutdown and minimizes the time of operation outside of compliance with local or other ordinances.

Abstract: A process for hydrodemetallation and hydrodesulfurization of hydrocarbon feedstock containing asphaltenes and metals by contacting said feedstock with hydrogen and a bimodal catalyst consisting essentially of at least one active original hydrogenation metal selected from Group VIB deposited on a support comprising alumina wherein said catalyst has a surface area within the range of about 140 to about 300 m.sup.2 /gm, a total pore volume based upon measurement by mercury penetration within the range of about 0.4 cc/gm to about 1.0 cc/gm, and comprising about 60% to about 95% of its micropore volume in micropores having diameters within the range of about 50 A to about 200 A, 0% to about 15% of its micropore volume in pores having diameters within the range of about 200 A to about 600 A and about 3% to about 30% of said total pore volume based upon measurements by mercury penetration in macropores having diameters of 600 A or greater.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating (hydroprocessing) hydrocarbons and mixtures of hydrocarbons utilizing a catalytic composite comprising a combination of a nickel component, a molybdenum component and a platinum component with a zeolitic carrier material wherein said platinum component is present in an amount sufficient to result in the composite containing, on an elemental basis, about 0.2 to about 0.5 percent by weight platinum, in which process there is effected a chemical consumption of hydrogen. Hydrocarbon hydroprocesses are hydrocracking, the hydrogenation of aromatic nuclei, the ring-opening of cyclic hydrocarbons, desulfurization, denitrification, hydrogenation, etc.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for hydrocracking coal or other carbonaceous material to produce various aromatic hydrocarbons including benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, phenol and cresols in variable relative concentrations while maintaining a near constant maximum temperature. Variations in relative aromatic concentrations are achieved by changing the kinetic severity of the hydrocracking reaction by altering the temperature profile up to and quenching from the final hydrocracking temperature. The relative concentration of benzene to the alkyl and hydroxyl aromatics is increased by imposing increased kinetic severity above that corresponding to constant heating rate followed by immediate quenching at about the same rate to below the temperature at which dehydroxylation and dealkylation reactions appreciably occur.

Abstract: A process for producing a cracked distillate and hydrogen from a heavy oil which comprises cracking the heavy oil in the presence of laterite or a laterite-containing catalyst while simultaneously depositing coke on said laterite or laterite-containing catalysts, reducing the laterite or laterite-containing catalyst on which the coke is deposited, and forming a hydrogen-rich gas by contacting the reduced laterite or laterite-containing catalyst with steam.

Abstract: Production of motor gasoline and a BTX-enriched reformate by fractionating a naphtha feedstock into a mid-boiling BTX-precursor fraction, a relatively high-boiling fraction and a relatively low-boiling fraction; catalytically reforming the BTX-precursor fraction in a first reforming zone; combining the relatively high-boiling and low-boiling fractions and catalytically reforming the combined fractions in a second reforming zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to anti-fouling agents capable of decreasing the fouling of equipment in contact with a hydrocarbon charge.These agents comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of substances having the formula: ##STR1## where R and R' are linear or branched alkyl radicals having between 4 and 12 carbon atoms and where M is a metal atom of Groups IA and IIA of the Periodic Table, withn=1, when the metal M is a metal of Group 1A, andn=2, when the metal M is a metal of Group IIA.An example of such an agent is sodium di-2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate.

Abstract: A promoter comprising from about 500 ppm to about 1% of a Group V, Group VI, or Group VIII metal on a support is combined with a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst under fluidizing conditions, in an effective proportion, to enhance the removal of carbonaceous material from the catalyst. Typically, the promoter is a mixture of platinum and palladium supported on gamma alumina and is included in a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) unit in a sufficient proportion to provide from about 0.05 to about 50 ppm metal based on the weight of the catalyst.

Abstract: Coronene deposits are removed from a heat exchange zone of the reforming process by recycling a portion of the normally liquid reformate to the heat exchange zone to dissolve the coronene deposits.

Abstract: Waxy hydrocarbon oils, e.g., of petroleum origin, boiling within the approximate range of 450.degree. to 1050.degree. F. are catalytically dewaxed utilizing a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite possessing particularly characterized pore openings, such as, for example, ZSM-23 or ZSM-35, which may be associated with a hydrogenation metal.

Abstract: According to this invention, there is provided a method of suppressing the rise in surface temperature of the heating tubes in a fractionation apparatus for a crude oil, characterized in that an aqueous solution containing ammonia or ammonium ion is injected into the upstream line of the crude heater in an amount of 1 to 20 ppm in terms of ammonia based on the crude oil.

Abstract: In a reactor for cracking heavy hydrocarbon oil through a fluidized bed of particles of natural ores, coke-like materials are deposited on a top of the reactor or pipe inside surfaces of a transfer line from the reactor to a scrubber. To effectively scour out the deposited coke-like materials, particles of natural ores having a mean diameter of a few hundred .mu.m is made to be contained in an effluent gas from the top of reactor, passing through the transfer line at a concentration of 1 to 40 g/m.sup.3. The particles of natural ores have a good effect of scouring out the deposited coke-like materials and can keep the transfer line efficiently clean even with a small amount of the particles of natural ores, decreasing a pressure drop in the transfer line.

Abstract: A specially prepared zeolite-containing silica-alumina hydrogel gives a catalyst that is attrition resistant, more active catalytically, more selective and more stable. The hydrogel is prepared by steps including nozzle mixing of reactants to form a hydrogel, ion exchanging with ammonium, aluminum and rare earth ions, washing, drying and impregnating with rare earths.

Abstract: Mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. benzene and analogs, are converted by hydroalkylation to the corresponding cycloalkyl aromatics by contacting the mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen with a catalyst comprising a rare earth-exchanged Y-type zeolite support carrying a promoter comprising at least one of ruthenium, iridium, rhodium and palladium, the catalyst being calcined in an oxygen-containing atmosphere at a temperature of 250.degree. to 600.degree. C. prior to the hydroalkylation reaction.