Abstract: Petroleum crude and certain liquid distillate fractions derived therefrom, and other sulfur containing fuels or residues are reduced in sulfur content by intimately contacting the fuel or residues with alkanol solutions of alkali metal hydrosulfides, at temperatures and pressures from ambient up to the critical temperature of the alkanol for from 1 to 20 minutes. Thereafter, the fuel is caused to separate from the alkanol solution by the addition of water. A liquid-liquid separation separates desulfurized fuel from the alkanol solution. Hydrogen sulfide formed in the process is used to re-generate alkali metal hydrosulfide for use in desulfurizing additional petroleum fuel.

Abstract: d-3-Menthene of high optical purity is obtained by the selective isomerization/hydrogenation of d-isolimonene in the presence of minor amounts of a palladium catalyst at temperatures up to 200.degree. C. and pressures of preferably about 100-500 psig.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the improvement of catalyst performance in catalytic hydrodewaxing of both petroleum and synthetic hydrocarbon feedstocks utilizing a special group of acidic crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites such as those of the ZSM-5 type which involves treatment of said zeolites in order to adjust their initially high alpha activity to within a range of 55-150 alpha prior to use as catalysts in a hydrodewaxing operation.

Abstract: Isobutylene is selectively converted to para-xylene over a coupling catalyst consisting essentially of a neutral or weakly acidic support impregnated with a non-halogen containing water soluble rhenium compound and an alkali metal hydroxide or stannate and then reduced with hydrogen at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a hydrocarbon mixture rich in aromatics from a gasoline boiling range hydrocarbon mixture low in aromatics which comprises catalytically reforming said hydrocarbon mixture followed by contacting the reformate with certain crystalline silicates at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: A fluidized catalytic cracking process for conversion of hydrocarbon charge to cracked products wherein a regenerated fluidized catalytic cracking catalyst having deposited thereon about 1000 to 10,000 ppm of nickel, vanadium, iron or mixtures thereof is treated with a sodium compound prior to use for cracking hydrocarbon charge such that hydrogen yield is increased.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of a hydrocarbon fraction having a boiling point range beginning above 200.degree. C. and obtained in the cracking of hydrocarbons, in which the polymeric component resulting from the cracking pyrolysis is removed and the remaining polymer-free hydrocarbon is subjected to hydrogenation under such reaction conditions that the product is high in monoaromatic components while the polyaromatics are removed therefrom.

Abstract: A process is described for the catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon feedstream involving the use of an acid catalyst comprising a catalytic component selected from the group consisting of oxides of tungsten, niobium and mixtures thereof and tungsten or niobium oxides in combination with one or more additional metal oxides selected from the group consisting of tantalum oxide, hafnium oxide, chromium oxide, titanium oxide and zirconium oxide on supports, wherein (1) the feedstream is catalytically cracked by being contacted with said catalyst at a temperature and for a time (optionally, in combination with H.sub.2 O), sufficient to crack the hydrocarbon yielding a cracked product and a deactivated catalyst and (2) subjecting the deactivated catalyst to gasification conditions consisting of (A) partial oxidative combustion to produce a low BTU gas rich in CO or, (B) the addition of steam to produce a gas rich in H.sub.2, or both, with the recirculation of the decoked catalyst back to the first step.

Abstract: A two-stage naphtha hydrorefining process is provided with interstage removal of hydrogen sulfide and light gaseous hydrocarbons. Fresh hydrogen-containing treat gas is introduced only into the second hydrorefining stage and the hydrogen-containing gaseous effluent of the second hydrorefining stage is recycled to the first hydrorefining stage.

Abstract: An improved catalyst, and process utilizing said catalyst for catalytically cracking a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon feed, and for the fixation of sulfur by the catalyst and transfer thereof from the catalyst regeneration zone to the reaction zone of a catalytic cracking unit. The catalyst comprises an admixture of composite particles, one present in major concentration for providing principally cracking and combustion promoting functions, and the other present in minor concentration for providing principally sulfur fixation and transfer functions. The particle present in major concentration, on the one hand, is constituted essentially of one of more Group VIII noble metals, preferably platinum, composited with a support comprised of a crystalline alumino silicate component distributed in an active cracking catalyst matrix, suitably one constituted of silica-alumina.

Abstract: A process for the utilization of a catalyst composition. The catalyst is a zeolitic crystalline aluminosilicate dispersed in an amorphous silica-alumina matrix. The catalyst is manufactured by adding a crystalline aluminosilicate to an alumina-silica gel containing an organic polymer and spray drying the gel at a temperature sufficient to decompose the polymer. The catalyst is particularly effective in the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon charge stocks.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process useful in hydroprocessing petroleum-based feedstocks. The feed stream enters the top of a reaction zone and is divided into a number of portions, each of which flows through a different annular guard bed. The feed stream enters the guard beds through both cylindrical sides and exits through the bottom of the guard beds. The feed stream is then passed through a lower and much larger catalyst bed.

Abstract: A process for upgrading crude shale oil containing nitrogen which comprises contacting crude shale oil in a hydrogenation zone with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to remove a selected portion of the nitrogen and then contacting the resulting product with an ion exchange resin to obtain a shale oil of substantially lower nitrogen content.

Abstract: Novel crystalline silicates which in dehydrated form have the composition in terms of moles of the oxides: (1.0.+-.0.3)(R).sub.2/n O.[aFe.sub.2 O.sub.3.bAl.sub.2 O.sub.3.cGa.sub.2 O.sub.3.y(dSiO.sub.2.eGeO.sub.2)], wherein R is one or more mono- or bivalent cations and a, b, c, d, e, y and n are as defined hereinafter are disclosed. The thermally stable silicates are suitably employed as extracting agents, drying agents, ion exchange agents, catalysts and catalyst carriers.

Abstract: A cyclic, fluidized catalytic cracking process providing reduced emissions of noxious effluents in regeneration zone flue gases is operated with regenerable, fluidized, solid particles which are circulated throughout the catalytic cracking process cycle and which comprise (1) a cracking catalyst, (2) a metallic reactant which reacts with a sulfur oxide to form a metal- and sulfur-containing compound in the solid particles, and (3) a metallic oxidation promoter.

Abstract: A used cracking catalyst is treated with antimony carbonate and its thio analogues to passivate contaminating metals whenever these metals have been deposited on the catalyst.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the polymerization of styrene which comprises mixing with the styrene a minor but effective quantity of an inhibitor compound selected from the group consisting of 2-methylbenzoquinone-4-oxime, 2,3,5-trimethylbenzoquinone-4-oxime and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: In an olefin plant in which ethylene, propylene and butenes are prepared, a dripolene fraction is recovered, hydrogenated and a C.sub.6 -C.sub.7 hydrogenated hydrocarbon stream derived from such hydrogenated dripolene is aromatized in the presence of a hydrogen rich recycle stream and in the presence of a catalyst containing platinum and chloride on aluminum whereby the aromatics content is increased above the approximately 64% aromatics content of the hydrogenated C.sub.6 -C.sub.7 hydrocarbon stream. The aromatics are extracted from the liquid effluent from the aromatization zone.

Abstract: A novel aluminous composition prepared by impregnating porous gamma alumina with aluminum hydride and subsequently heating the impregnated alumina to a temperature of from about 300.degree. C. to about 900.degree. C. in a non-oxidizing environment. The composition is useful as a catalyst in reactions catalyzed by acid catalysts.

Abstract: A method for controlling the oxides of nitrogen concentration in the exit flue gas from the regeneration zone of a catalytic cracking unit employing carbon monoxide combustion promoters which comprises monitoring the oxides of nitrogen concentration in the exit flue gas and adjusting the concentration of combustion promoter present in the regeneration zone to maintain the oxides of nitrogen concentration below a predetermined limit.